64 research outputs found
Education as the management of research universities studentsβ socialization
Β© 2016, Econjournals. All rights reserved.The relevance of the study is reasoned by the demand for professionals who are not only competitive in the labor market, but also ready to construct career in the flow of social transformations. The processes of socialization and vocational education are dialectically interrelated. Education, as a structural component of vocational education is considered as the management process of socialization, providing personal self-realization, its positioning as an active entity of social reality. The purpose of the paper is to identify the characteristics of education as a management process of research universities studentsβ socialization. The leading method is the method of action research, allowing to obtain new knowledge about education as the management of socialization process and to propose methods of educating of research universities students. The article defines the essence of socialization, as a process of assimilation of social experience by joining the social environment and active reproduction of social relationsβ system; functions are clarified (assimilation of social information, the development of diverse forms of activities and communication, the awareness of being the actor of social reality, self-realization, participation in the reproduction of social experience) and types (positive, negative, reformation) of socialization; the features of education as a studentsβ socialization process management are revealed (subjectivity, adaptability, humanity, dedication, nationality); the methods of education are proposed (psychological-pedagogical, subject-creative, cognitive-oriented) as the management process of research universities studentsβ socialization. Article Submissions can be useful for teachers of research universities; for centers of personnel advanced training and retraining in the training content selection and structuring of research universitiesβ scientific and pedagogical staff
Soil water regime and crop yields in relation to various technologies of cultivation in the Kulunda Steppe (Altai Krai)
This article presents the results of crop yield in areas with different technologies of cultivation based on the network of automatic stations that provide data on climatic and soil-hydrological monitoring in the dry steppe during the vegetation period of MayβSeptember 2013β2016 . These dataΒ on regional ecological and climatic parameters are of great interest to the ecologists, plant physiologists, and farmers working in the Kulunda Plain (Altai Territory). We compared the following options for cropping technologies: the modern system, which is the "no-till", technology without autumn tillage;the intensive technology of deep autumn tillage by plough PG-3-5 at a depth of 22β24 cm. Cultivation of crops was carried out using the following scheme of crop rotation: the modern system: 1β2β3β4 (wheat β peas β wheat β rape); the intensive system: 5/6 β 7/8 β 9/10 (fallow β wheat β wheat). We believe that the use of modern technology in these conditions is better due to exchange between the different layers of soil. WhenΒ the ordinary Soviet system , the so-called "plow sole" , was used , at a depth of 24 cm , we observed that this creates a water conductivity barrier that seems to preclude the possibility of lifting water from the lower horizons. Results of the study of infiltration of soil moisture at the depth of 30 and 60 cmΒ have shown in some years the advantages of the modern technology over the ordinary Soviet system: in the version with the use of modern technology we can trace better exchange between the various horizons and , probably,Β moisture replenishment from the lower horizons. Differences in individual observation periods are comparatively large due to the redistribution of soil moisture, depending on the weather conditions, the crops used in the crop rotations, and cultivation techniques. Moreover, the average moisture reserves within the one meter layer did not show any significant differences during the growing seasons of 2013β2016 . In terms of soil moisture usage and productive grain yield according to the four year experiment, the application of the modern technology with crop rotation "wheat β rape β wheat β peas" was more effective than the ordinary Soviet system with crop rotation "wheat β fallow β wheat β wheat". The four-year observation period is clearly insufficient to identify the advantages of the modern system, as during this time it is impossible to significantly improve soil quality indicators, which will continue to determine its water-retaining properties and moisture accumulation
ΠΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Ρ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΡΠ»ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈ ΠΠ»ΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
This article presents the results of crop yield in areas with different technologies of cultivation based on the network of automatic stations that provide data on climatic and soil-hydrological monitoring in the dry steppe during the vegetation period of MayβSeptember 2013β2016 . These dataΒ on regional ecological and climatic parameters are of great interest to the ecologists, plant physiologists, and farmers working in the Kulunda Plain (Altai Territory). We compared the following options for cropping technologies: the modern system, which is the "no-till", technology without autumn tillage;the intensive technology of deep autumn tillage by plough PG-3-5 at a depth of 22β24 cm. Cultivation of crops was carried out using the following scheme of crop rotation: the modern system: 1β2β3β4 (wheat β peas β wheat β rape); the intensive system: 5/6 β 7/8 β 9/10 (fallow β wheat β wheat). We believe that the use of modern technology in these conditions is better due to exchange between the different layers of soil. WhenΒ the ordinary Soviet system , the so-called "plow sole" , was used , at a depth of 24 cm , we observed that this creates a water conductivity barrier that seems to preclude the possibility of lifting water from the lower horizons. Results of the study of infiltration of soil moisture at the depth of 30 and 60 cmΒ have shown in some years the advantages of the modern technology over the ordinary Soviet system: in the version with the use of modern technology we can trace better exchange between the various horizons and , probably,Β moisture replenishment from the lower horizons. Differences in individual observation periods are comparatively large due to the redistribution of soil moisture, depending on the weather conditions, the crops used in the crop rotations, and cultivation techniques. Moreover, the average moisture reserves within the one meter layer did not show any significant differences during the growing seasons of 2013β2016 . In terms of soil moisture usage and productive grain yield according to the four year experiment, the application of the modern technology with crop rotation "wheat β rape β wheat β peas" was more effective than the ordinary Soviet system with crop rotation "wheat β fallow β wheat β wheat". The four-year observation period is clearly insufficient to identify the advantages of the modern system, as during this time it is impossible to significantly improve soil quality indicators, which will continue to determine its water-retaining properties and moisture accumulation.ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π° Π² ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈ (Π·Π° Π²Π΅Π³Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΠΉ β ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ±ΡΡ 2013β2016 Π³Π³.). ΠΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ², ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π° ΠΡΠ»ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΠ½Π΅. Π‘ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ: ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ βno-tillβ, Π±Π΅Π· ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Ρ; ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΠ-3-5 Π½Π° Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Ρ 22β24 ΡΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²: ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°: 1 β 2 β 3 β 4 (ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ° β Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΡ
β ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ° β ΡΠ°ΠΏΡ); ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°: 5/6 β 7/8 β 9/10 (ΠΏΠ°Ρ β ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ° β ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ°). ΠΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π»ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Ρ. Π Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ Β«ΠΏΠ»ΡΠΆΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ²Π°Β» Π½Π° Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π΅ 24 ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π±Π°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ, Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²Π»Π°Π³ΠΈ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΡ
Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ². Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π²Π»Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Ρ Π½Π° Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ
30 ΠΈ 60 ΡΠΌ Π·Π° ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ: Π² Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π»ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ, Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π»Π°Π³ΠΈ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΡ
Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ². Π Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²Π»Π°Π³ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π²Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Π²Π΅Π³Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ 2013β2016 Π³Π³. Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΡ. Π‘ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π»Π°Π³ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π·Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Β«ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ° β ΡΠ°ΠΏΡ β ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ° β Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΡ
Β» Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Ρ ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Β«ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ° β ΠΏΠ°Ρ β ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ° β ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ°Β». Π§Π΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Ρ
Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ Π·Π° ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π² Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ Π΅Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π²Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅.Β ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π° Π² ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈ (Π·Π° Π²Π΅Π³Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΠΉ β ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ±ΡΡ 2013β2016 Π³Π³.). ΠΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ², ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π° ΠΡΠ»ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΠ½Π΅. Π‘ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ: ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ βno-tillβ, Π±Π΅Π· ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Ρ; ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΠ-3-5 Π½Π° Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Ρ 22β24 ΡΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²: ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°: 1 β 2 β 3 β 4 (ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ° β Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΡ
β ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ° β ΡΠ°ΠΏΡ); ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°: 5/6 β 7/8 β 9/10 (ΠΏΠ°Ρ β ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ° β ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ°). ΠΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π»ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Ρ. Π Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ Β«ΠΏΠ»ΡΠΆΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ²Π°Β» Π½Π° Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π΅ 24 ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π±Π°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ, Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²Π»Π°Π³ΠΈ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΡ
Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ². Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π²Π»Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Ρ Π½Π° Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ
30 ΠΈ 60 ΡΠΌ Π·Π° ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ: Π² Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π»ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ, Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π»Π°Π³ΠΈ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΡ
Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ². Π Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²Π»Π°Π³ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π²Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Π²Π΅Π³Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ 2013β2016 Π³Π³. Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΡ. Π‘ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π»Π°Π³ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π·Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Β«ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ° β ΡΠ°ΠΏΡ β ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ° β Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΡ
Β» Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Ρ ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Β«ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ° β ΠΏΠ°Ρ β ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ° β ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ°Β». Π§Π΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Ρ
Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ Π·Π° ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π² Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ Π΅Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π²Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅.
The battle over Syria's reconstruction
Reconstruction is becoming the new battleground in the Syrian conflictβits continuation by other means. It is instrumentalized by the regime as a way to reconsolidate its control over the country and by rival regional and international powers to shape the internal balance of power and establish spheres of influence in the country. The paper examines the Asad regimeβs practices, including co-optation of militia leaders via reconstruction concessions and use of reconstruction to clear strategic areas of opposition-dominated urban settlements. The paper then surveys how the geopolitical struggle in Syria has produced an asymmetry as regards reconstruction: those powers that lost the geo-political contest on the ground seek to use geo-economic superiority to reverse the geo-political outcome. Then the impact of proxy wars and spheres of influence in the country on the security context for reconstruction is examined. Finally, the reconstruction initiatives of the various external parties are assessed, including Russia, Iran and Turkey as well as the spoiler role by which the US seeks to obstruct reconstruction that would spell victory in Syria for its Russian and Iranian rivals.PostprintPeer reviewe
ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ NO-ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π²ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΡ ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ
Nitric oxide (NO) is a universal biological mediator that has a multifaceted effect on physiological and pathological processes in various organs and systems of the body. It is known that NO-therapy is a powerful stimulator of a positive effect on the course of the wound process, especially in complicated wounds.Objective: to evaluate the use of the combined effect of NO-containing air-plasma flows on the parameters of the blood system in the treatment of infectious wound complications in cardiac surgery patients.Materials and methods. A total of 60 patients were included in the study: 31 (52%) men and 29 (48%) women aged 29 to 79 years (mean 63.67 Β± 7.6 years). All patients were divided into two groups: Group I β 30 patients who received treatment for sternomediastinitis using a combined exposure to air-plasma flow and exogenous nitric oxide; Group II β 30 patients who were treated for sternomediastinitis according to the clinical guidelines for the surgical treatment of patients with postoperative mediastinitis and osteomyelitis of the sternum and ribs.Results. The use of the combined effect of NO-containing air-plasma flows for the treatment of sternomediastinitis is accompanied by a decrease in the level of acute phase proteins already by 3 days, normalization of leukocytes and neutrophils by 10 days after the start of therapy, and prevents hyperaggregation and spontaneous aggregation of platelets.Conclusion. The use of the combined method of low-temperature plasma and exogenous nitrogen monoxide in the local treatment of infectious wound complications after cardiac surgery is justified and effective. No reliable confirmation of the cytotoxic effect of exogenous nitric oxide in the applied dosage on the elements of red blood was found in this studyΠΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ° (NO) β ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΎΡ, ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½Π΅Π΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°. ΠΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ NO-ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ β ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π² ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π°Ρ
.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ: ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ NO-coΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ 60 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ²: 31 (52%) ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ 29 (48%) ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡ 29 Π΄ΠΎ 79 Π»Π΅Ρ (ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π΅ 63,67 Β± 7,6 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°). ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° Π΄Π²Π΅ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ: I Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° β 30 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ·ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ°; II Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° β 30 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ Π³ΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Ρ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ NO-coΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊ 3-ΠΌ ΡΡΡ, Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ 10-ΠΌ ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ².ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ·ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΡΠΊΠ·ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ° Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ.
Restoring voice function after open diagonal resection of the larynx
The study objective is to perform the acoustic analysis of voice in patients after open diagonal resection of the larynx.Materials and methods. A total of 112 patients underwent diagonal resection of the larynx; of them 73 hadfrontolateral resection and 39 had expanded frontolateral resection. Primary laryngeal cancer was diagnosed in 107 patients; five patients had relapses after radiation therapy. Fifty-six participants underwent acoustic analysis of voice before surgery, 52 participants underwent it 1 month postoperatively, and 112 participants had it after completing their rehabilitation (6 months to 10 years postoperatively). To determine normal acoustic characteristics of voice, we examined 80 men with normal voice. We measured voice fundamental frequency (FF), maximum and minimum FF, FF variability, jitter, shimmer, voice intensity, amplitude of fundamental toneβs harmonics and their difference. Speech rehabilitation included breathing exercises according to E. Ya. Zolotareva and speech training according to S.L. Taptapova.Results. Patients with laryngeal cancer demonstrated significant changes in the acoustic characteristics of their voice (p <0.05) compared to healthy individuals, including increased mean FF (f0) (up to 143 Β± 45 Hz vs 118 Β± 18 Hz in controls), decreased voice intensity (from 60 Β± 8 to 43 Β± 8 dB), and almost 2-fold decrease in the amplitude of fundamental toneβs harmonics (Ο0, 2 Ο0, 3 Ο0). We also found an increased dispersion and variability of acoustic characteristics assessed compared to healthy individuals. The analysis of long-term treatment outcomes demonstrated more significant improvement of voice acoustic characteristics in patients who underwent speech rehabilitation compared to those who had no rehabilitation.Conclusion. Open resection of the larynx with endoscopic removal of granulations and ligatures and laser restoration of the laryngeal lumen by dissecting the scars complemented by speech rehabilitation allow restoring respiratory function in 91.1 % of patients and restoring voice in 91.8 % of patients (to achieve acoustic characteristics close to normal)
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