Effects of factors of prolonged space flight on conditions of tortoise skeleton

After a 60-90 day space flight mild osteoporosis developed in the epiphyses and metaphyses of long tubular bones of tortoises, which was not attributed to reduced mineral saturation of the preserved bone tissue microstructures. The diminished strength of the cancellous bone of the epiphyses in tortoises after space flight was due to the reduced properties of its structure. The strength of the compact substance did not change under the effect of weightlessness

Outsourcing Introduction in Production Enterprises

In the modern period of competition size and nature change, becoming international in nature, the sustainable development of Russia is of high priority. The most important factor in ensuring sustainable development of the country is the increase of economic entities efficiency and competitiveness through the use of innovative management tools.Aaldersom R., E. Andersonom, S. Wilson, M. Donnellan, E. Jordan, B. Trinkl, JB Heywood and a number of other foreign theorists and practitioners considered outsourcing problems as an innovative tool to improve the efficiency of entities operation. Despite the fact that outsourcing is a relatively new subject of research in the Russian management literature, comprehensive works by B. Anikin, S. Baranenko, S. Kalendzhyan, N. Lyasnikova, E.Platonovoy, I. Rudoy, V. Sinyaeva, etc. have been developed.The abundance of research denotes the importance and topicality of the problem. The article deals with the theoretical and methodological aspects of outsourcing, identifies opportunities of outsourcing use as a tool for the development of strategic competitiveness and sustainability of the national economic entities.The features of efficient interaction between the customer and the contractor in the process of business workflow process delivery for outsourcing are examined and the sequence of relations formation and development between outsourcing subjects is justified

Pneumatic transportation of dispersed medium through a vertical tube immersed into a fluidized bed

We discuss the technical problem of how to transport granular material in a vertical direction from the underlying section of a multistage apparatus containing a fluidized bed to an upper section through tubes immersed into the fluidized bed without additional expenditures of energy. The intensity with which the dispersed medium (a mixture of gas and fuel particles) moves through the tube and the mass flowrate of particles are determined by the ratio between the hydraulic resistances of dispersed medium inside the tube and of the fluidized bed outside of it. In turn, this ratio depends on the fluidization number W (W = w s/w 0, where w s is the seepage velocity and w 0 is the fluidization commencement velocity) and on the tube immersing depth into the bed. © 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Inc

Determination of the dimensions of the heat-affected zone in welding gas pipeline components

Analytical decisions supported by experimental data were used to determine the dependences for calculating the size of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) in multilayer welding of circumferential joints in transmission gas pipelines. Data on the dimensions of this zone are essential for evaluating the possibility of applying cold cutting in the rejection of elements of gas pipelines because of defects in circumferential welded joints or welded joints in transition rings in the vicinity of circumferential welded joints. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

Magnetic and electrical properties of the half-metallic ferromagnets Co2CrAl

This paper presents the results of measurements of the magnetic and electrical properties of the ferromagnetic alloy Co2CrAl in two structural states: (i) after severe plastic deformation and (ii) after shortterm high-temperature annealing of the deformed specimens. The experiments have been performed at temperatures in the range from 2 to 900 K in magnetic fields H ≤ 50 kOe. The ferromagnetic Curie temperature TC and the paramagnetic Curie temperature Θ have been determined (TC = 305 K and Θ = 326 K), as well as the spontaneous magnetic moment μS and the effective magnetic moment μeff per molecule of the alloy (μS = 1.62 μB and μeff 2 = 8.2 μB 2). It has been shown that the magnetic crystalline anisotropy energy of the alloy is on the order of ∼5 × 105 erg/g. The specific features of the electrical properties are associated with the presence of an energy gap in the electronic spectrum near the Fermi level EF and with the change in the parameters of the energy gap as a function of the temperature. © 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Effect of heat treatment on structural and phase transformations in the Ti49.5Ni50.5 alloy amorphized by high-pressure torsion

Results are presented for a study of the structural and phase transformations that occur in the titanium-nickelide shape-memory alloy Ti 49.5Ni50.5 subjected to heat treatment after deformation-induced amorphization by megaplastic high-pressure torsion (HPT) using five or ten revolutions of Bridgman anvils. The investigations were performed using transmission and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and measurements of the temperature dependences of electrical resistivity and magnetic susceptibility. It has been established that the crystallization of the alloy already occurs upon low-temperature treatment, beginning with ∼500 K. The evolution of the structure and the stage character of the development of crystallization and recrystallization processes depending on temperature have been determined. It has been shown that the annealing of the amorphized alloy makes it possible to obtain highly homogeneous nanostructured, submicrocrystalline, or bimodal states in the B2 austenite. A complete diagram of thermoelastic martensitic transformations of the B2 austenite has been constructed in the region from a nanostructured to a conventional polycrystalline state (with a grain size of 20-50 μm). The effect of size on the stabilization of austenite has been revealed and its specific features have been studied for the B2 → R and B2(R) → B19′ martensitic transformations depending on the structural state of the alloy. © 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd