Sustainability Assessment of the Municipal Solid Waste Management in Russia Using the Decoupling Index

The annual growth of the municipal solid waste (MSW) generated and the exhaustion of existing landfills capacity have led to the processes of reforming the waste sector in Russia. But the question remains open: what is the optimal ratio between waste management practices for building a sustainable MSW management system? The purpose of this article is to evaluate the sustainability of the MSW management system in Russia according to various scenarios of its development using the decoupling index. Based on the strategic documents, authors constructed three scenarios for the MSW industry development in Russia until 2024: scenario 1 (basic), scenario 2 (MSW utilization via recycling), scenario 3 (MSW utilization via recycling and MSW incineration at WTE plants). After that, the decoupling index for all scenarios was calculated. In general, calculations of the decoupling index for 2022-2024 showed that for all scenarios (except for scenario 3 in 2022), the industry is moving into the zone of absolute sustainability. The greatest sustainability is achieved in scenario 2 - for this scenario the absolute value of the decoupling index is maximum in 2023 and 2024, thereby confirming the role of recycling in increasing the sustainability of the MSW management system. The results can be used by decision makers when reforming the MSW management system to choose the optimal ratio between the MSW management practices and the appropriate regulatory tools. © 2022 WITPress. All rights reserved.The decoupling index calculations showed that despite the reform of the sector and the gradual transition of the MSW management system to the zone of absolute stability, there is no fast decrease in the MSW volume disposed at landfills and sent to WTE. Authors believe, this is due to the insufficient development of tools supporting the waste recycling industry. Such tools, as extended producer responsibility (EPR), the financial support of households involved in separate waste collection are just beginning to take legislative forms in Russia [20]

Levy flights and Levy -Schroedinger semigroups

We analyze two different confining mechanisms for L\'{e}vy flights in the presence of external potentials. One of them is due to a conservative force in the corresponding Langevin equation. Another is implemented by Levy-Schroedinger semigroups which induce so-called topological Levy processes (Levy flights with locally modified jump rates in the master equation). Given a stationary probability function (pdf) associated with the Langevin-based fractional Fokker-Planck equation, we demonstrate that generically there exists a topological L\'{e}vy process with the very same invariant pdf and in the reverse.Comment: To appear in Cent. Eur. J. Phys. (2010

SEROEPIDEMIOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS CHARACTERISTIC OF KEFIR, AS A VALUABLE PROBIOTIC PRODUCT AND ITS BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

We present new data on the on the microbial composition and properties of probiotic kefir fungi fermented milk drink kefir, namely antikancerogenik, antimutagenic, antigenotoxic and radio-protecting, antioxidant, antihypertensive, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, in wound healing, antimicrobial, and preventable and antiallergic biological effects

Researches of air and fuel rate influence on oxygen level in emissions of new type medium power coal boiler

The article deals with sustained fire coal boilers requirements engineering from a creating energy saving and ecological compatibility point of view. The article gives experimental data obtained on boilers which was made by LLP "Карплаз", Karaganda, Republic of Kazakhstan

The role of newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus for poor in-hospital prognosis of coronary artery bypass grafting

Background: The management of coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who need myocardial revascularization is a great challenge. Aims: To study the role of newly diagnosed T2DM in the development of in-hospital adverse outcomes after coronary artery surgery (CABG). Methods: 708 consecutive patients underwent CABG were included. All patients without history of T2DM and with border fasting hyperglycemia underwent an oral glucose tolerance test. Results: The screening allowed to diagnose T2DM in 8.9% and prediabetes in 10.4% of the study population. The the number of patients with T2DM increased from 15.2% to 24.1%, and with prediabetes from 3.0% to 13.4%. The total number of patients with carbohydrate metabolism disorders increased from 18.2% to 37.5%. The trend towards higher rate of in-hospital complications after CABG was defined among patients with newly diagnosed and previously diagnosed T2DM. The regression analysis demonstrated the presence of the relationships between the previously diagnosed T2DM and the total number of significant complications (odds ratio (OR) 1.350, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0571.723, p=0.020) and prolonged in-hospital stay (OR 1.609, 95%CI 1.2022.155, p=0.001). The significance of these relationships increased with the addition of newly diagnosed T2DM to the regression model (for in-hospital complications: OR 1.731, 95% CI 1.1312.626, p=0.012; for prolonged in-hospital stay: OR 2.229, 95%CI 1.4123.519, p0.001). Moreover, additional associations between T2DM and the risk of developing multiple organ dysfunction (OR 2.911, 95% CI 1.0727.901, p=0.039), urgent lower extremity surgery (OR 1.638, 95%CI 1.00915.213, p=0.020) and the need for extracorporeal correction of hemostasis (OR 3.472, 95%CI 1.04211.556, p=0.044) have been defined. Importantly, the presence of these associations would not have been identified without including newly diagnosed DM in the regression model. Conclusion: The newly diagnosed T2DM affects the prognosis of CABG as well as the previously diagnosed T2DM. The obtained results suggest the importance of active preoperative T2DM screening

The substantiation of measures to optimization of nutrition for teenagers studying at residential educational establishments

Purpose: to study the actual nutrition and to prove measures for its optimization at the disabled children of middle school age living in residential school of 8th type.Materials and methods: 29 pupils of residential school of the 8th type at the age of 12-13 years are examined. Calculations of the chemical composition and energy value of diets ware made with use of the program of the analysis of a condition of food of the person, version 1.2.4 registered by the Russian Agency of Patents and Trademarks 09.02.2004 No. 2 004 610 397 of Federal State Budgetary Institution Scientifi c Research Institute of Food of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. Th e statistical analysis of data was carried out by means of the Statistica 6.0 program.Results: among children with day stay in school (the 1st group) persons with defi ciencies of consumption of energy and the main nutrients meet considerably more oft en (from 50.0% to 90.0%), than among peers of the 2nd group (round-the-clock stay in school) (from 0.0% to 26.3%). At boys of the 1st group the trend of relative defi ciency in a diet on energy, protein, fats and carbohydrates is revealed (from 10.3% to 28.8%), and at girls relative defi ciency of energy, protein and carbohydrates was noted (from 5.6% to 26.3%; on fats – excess for 21.4%). On the contrary, at boys of the 2nd group the excess on energy and, especially, fats (for 46.2%) was noted and at girls the excess on indicators of energy, protein, fats and carbohydrates was observed (from 23.4% to 88.3%).Conclusion: the revealed violations defi ned the list of measures for optimization of food of children who have to be realized within sanitary and educational work with parents

Possibilities of use of food protectors for prevention of adverse effects of tobacco smoke

The article presents some pathogenetic mechanisms of adverse effects of nicotine as a part of tobacco smoke such as carcinogenesis, atherogenesis, thrombogenesis, the influence on functional activity of internals and also a bone tissue and a mucous membrane of a mouth. For food correction of adverse effects the use of a number of ingredients for development of new technologies of functional products is scientifically grounded and recommended. The expected favorable biological effects at systematic consumption of these products are presented

High precision effective temperatures for 181 F--K dwarfs from line-depth ratios

Line depth ratios measured on high resolution (R=42000), high S/N echelle spectra are used for the determination of precise effective temperatures of 181 F,G,K Main Sequence stars with about solar metallicity (-0.5 < [Fe/H] < +0.5). A set of 105 relations is obtained which rely Teff on ratios of the strengths of lines with high and low excitation potentials, calibrated against previously published precise (1%) temperature estimates. The application range of the calibrations is 4000--6150 K (F8V--K7V). The internal error of a single calibration is less than 100 K, while the combination of all calibrations for a spectrum of S/N=100 reduces uncertainty to only 5-10 K, and for S/N=200 or higher, to better than 5 K. The zero point of the temperature scale is directly defined from reflection spectra of the Sun with an uncertainty about 1 K. The application of this method to investigation of the planet host stars properties is discussed.Comment: 9 pages, accepted for publication in A&

Relationship of the damage level of cell genetic apparatus with reproductive health disorder degree under conditions of harmful production

Purpose: to determine the relationship of the damage level of cell genetic apparatus with reproductive health disorder degree under conditions of harmful production.Materials and methods: the study involved 36 poultry farm female workers of childbearing age. The first group was made up by 22 workers of the main production. The control group included the other 14 employees who were administrative and managerial personnel. Clinical statistical study of reproductive health was carried out with simultaneous investigation of the cariological indices of buccal epithelium using a fluorescence microscope. At least 1000 cells in a monolayer were analyzed on each micropreparation. Statistical data analysis was made using Statistica 6.0.Results: in workers of the main production, there was a high spread of inflammatory gynecological diseases (90.9 % versus 57.1 % in the control group), uterine fibroids (9.1 %, versus 7.1 %). At the same time a statistically significant increase in the number of cells with micronuclei was revealed in this group by 2.6 times (p &lt; 0.05), with protrusions by 1.8 times (p &lt; 0.05), an increase in the total proliferation index by 2.3 times (p &lt; 0.05), and the two-nuclear cells made the greatest contribution to these differences. The integral indicator of cytogenetic disorders of women of the 1st group was also significantly higher by 2.0 times (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: negative influence of factors of poultry house production environment on cell genome stability disturbance was revealed. It has been established that the reproductive health disorder degree has a direct proportional dependence on the damage level of cell genetic apparatus

Comparative evaluation of the expression of enzymes of the ceramide <i>de novo</i> synthesis pathway in cardiac adipose tissue and blood vessels of cardiovascular patients

Aim. To compare the expression of enzymes of the ceramide de novo synthesis pathway in cardiac adipose tissue (AT) and blood vessels of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and acquired heart defects.Material and methods. The study included 20 patients with CAD and 18 patients with aortic stenosis/regurgitation. Biopsies of subcutaneous, epicardial, perivascular AT (SCAT, EAT, PVAT, respectively) were obtained during surgery. Quantitative PCR test was used to evaluate the gene expression of de novo ceramide synthesis enzymes (serine palmitoyltransferase C1 and C2: SPTLC1, SPTLC2; ceramide synthase 1-6: CERS1-6; dihydroceramide desaturase: DEGS1). Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 8 (GraphPad Software).Results. Patients with CAD were characterized by a higher level of mRNA SPTLC1 in SCAT and EAT, SPTLC2, CERS1, producing C18 ceramides, CERS5 and CERS6, generating C14-C16 ceramides in EAT, CERS2 — in SCAT, producing long-chain ceramides C20-C24, CERS4, synthesizing very long-chain ceamides C18-C20. In PVAT, a high expression of CERS4 and CERS3, which synthesizes very long-chain ceramides C26 and higher, was revealed. DEGS1 expression was highest in SCAT and EAT. In patients with heart defects, there was a high expression of CERS3 in PVAT, CERS4 in EAT and PVAT, DEGS1 in EAT. The mRNA level of SPTLC1 in SCAT and EAT, SPTLC2 in EAT, CERS2 in all studied AT, CERS4 and 5 in EAT, DEGS1 in SCAT and EAT among patients with CAD was higher than in the comparison group.Conclusion. Regional fat depots of the heart differed in the level of expression of enzymes of the ceramide de novo synthesis pathway. The results obtained indicate the activation of ceramide synthesis along this pathway in predominantly epicardial adipocytes in coronary pathology, which may contribute to the accumulation of long-chain ceramides in the AT of this localization