133 research outputs found
“Smenovekhovtsy” Movement and Realities of Soviet Society of 1920-ies
The issues linked with the emergence of “smenovekhovtsy” movement among the Russian emigration in the early 1920-ies are considered. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the key position of “smenovekhovtsy” ideology about the inevitable rebirth of the Bolshevik regime in conditions of implementation of the new economic policy (NEP). The author dwells on the reasons for the formation of “smenovekhovtsy” ideas about the future of the country. It is shown that these views did not correspond to the political and socio-economic realities of Soviet society in the 1920-ies. Attention is paid to the evaluation of “smenovekhovtsy” ideology in the light of political struggle in the administration of the Bolshevik party in the period under review. The question of the moral choice of the Russian intelligentsia is raised in connection with the question of the need for cooperation with the Bolsheviks raised by “smenovekhovtsy”. A review of the correspondence of the most famous ideologist of “smenovekhovtsy” N. V. Ustryalov with his personal friend N. A. Tsurikov is made. The author proceeds from the fact that this correspondence is one of the most striking examples of the depth and dramatic split among Russian immigrants in the 1920-ies. It is concluded that the illusory and erroneous ideas about the prospects of development of Soviet society became the cause of the tragic personal fate for many of “smenovekhovtsy” who returned home from exile and became the victims of Stalinist repression of the 1930-ies
The Effect of Atmospheric Pollution on Building Materials in the Urban Environment
Nowadays atmospheric pollution affects not only the urban environment in general, but building materials, which leads to their corrosion, in particular. The article discusses the regularities of the adhesion process of particulate matter (dust) on the vertical surfaces of buildings and structures, which are made of various building materials. On the basis of experimental studies, regression dependences of the adhesion of urban dust on different vertical surfaces from random determining factors were obtained. Thus, by studying the regularities of pollution of urban environment objects, made of various building materials, it is possible to achieve their preservation, since they demonstrate the architectural and design features of various historical periods of the country's development
Russian-French Agreements of 1891-1893 in International Relations at Turn of 19th and 20th Centuries
The article is dedicated to Russia’s European policy from the formation of the German Empire in 1871 to the beginning of World War I. It examines the historical conditions, reasons, and nature of the Russo-French military-political alliance of 1891-1893. The role of Emperor Alexander III in the political rapprochement between Russia and France on an anti-German and anti-Austrian basis is demonstrated. The existence of mutual interest between Russia and France in forming a military-political alliance is revealed. The Bierk Treaty of 1905 between Emperors Wilhelm II and Nicholas II is analyzed, showing that this treaty fundamentally contradicted the development of military-political cooperation between Russia and France and therefore was not implemented. The conclusion is drawn regarding the significance of the Russo-French alliance of the early 1890s for the foreign policy and historical destiny of the Russian Empire. Germany's interest in strengthening its influence on the foreign policy of the Russian Empire is shown. It is proven that Germany’s attempts to attract Russia to its side did not succeed, and Russia maintained its alliance with France, which was more significant for it during the period under consideration, despite the fact that ultimately this alliance led to the involvement of the Russian Empire in a world war
Информация, управление качеством, инженерный менеджмент: общность задач и решений
[For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version)].ABSTRACT The principal aspects of existing approaches to management of organization, dominants of its sustainable development, allowing to form new additional competences for a specialist, to form a theoretical and practical basis for training of an engineer manager are considered. The generality of the accompanying tasks, solutions and synergy of their implementation are declared in the system of priorities of Total Quality Management (TQM) and modern innovation and communication technologies on the example of large, structurally heterogeneous, logistically complex infrastructural systems of the transport industry. The authors set a goal to show why these provisions acquire special significance precisely for infrastructure transport and logistics structures, where the price of risk, error, insufficient protection of information is too great. Keywords: transport, logistics, quality management, information, security, engineering management.Текст аннотации на англ. языке и полный текст статьи на англ. языке находится в прилагаемом файле ПДФ (англ. версия следует после русской версии).Оцениваются принципиальные аспекты существующих подходов к управлению организацией, доминанты её устойчивого развития, позволяющие сформировать у специалиста новые дополнительные компетенции, составить теоретическую и практическую базу для подготовки инженера-менеджера. Общность сопутствующих этому задач, решений и синергетика их реализации декларируются в системе приоритетов Всеобщего менеджмента качества (TQM) и современных инновационно-коммуникационных технологий на примере крупных, структурно неоднородных, логистически сложных инфраструктурных систем транспортной индустрии. Авторы ставят цель показать, почему данные положения приобретают особую значимость именно для инфраструктурных транспортно- логистических построений, где цена риска, ошибки, недостаточной защиты информации слишком велика
Alumosilicate ceramic proppants based on natural refractory raw materials
The sintering-strengthening effect of the additions of the highly ferrous bauxite (with Fe[2]O[3] content of 20-25 % in the calcined state) in the compositions with refractory clays was established. It was found that in the temperature range 1350-1500°C the additions of bauxite in amounts of 10-40% have a fluxing effect due to the iron oxide introduced with bauxite in compositions with clay. An increasing the bauxite additive in the amount of 50-70% ensures its strengthening effect by increasing the total content of the mullite of the prismatic habit in the firing products of composites with clay. Preliminary clay and bauxite calcination at 900 °С and an increase in the content of bauxite additive up to 50-70% in compositions with clay allow to produce aluminosilicate proppants with a bulk density of 1.62-1.65 g/сm{3} and compressive strength up to 52 MPa
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF SEDIMENTS ON HEAT EXCHANGE IN THE BOILER-UTILIZER
The article contains analysis the effect of pollution on the heat transfer coefficient of the heat preheater of the heat recovery boiler at different speeds (w = 2–10 m/s) and diameters (d = 20–60 mm) was calculated.В работе рассчитано влияние загрязнений на коэффициент теплопередачи воздухоподогревателя котла-утилизатора при разных скоростях (w = 2–10 м/c) и диаметрах (d = 20–60 мм)
Eventual role of myocardial muscular «bridges» in the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndrome
Aim of the study was to investigate the role of myocardial muscular «bridges» (MMB) in the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Material and methods. The study comprised of 27 patents with ACS: 21 (77,8 %) with diagnosed unstable angina pectoris (UA) and 6 (22,2 %) with acute anterior myocardial infarction with ST elevation (STEMI). Results. All patients with STEMI had positive qualitative troponin test. The serum level of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) was 857.7 ± 495.5 U/l, the CPK MB level was 46.5 ± 42.4 U/l. The patients’ age varied from 32 to 68 years (on average, 52.4 ± 4.6 years). Selective coronary angiography (CAG) revealed systolic functional obstruction of the LAD with vessel’s lumen recovery to the norm during diastole in all 27 patients, which is typical for MMB. In all cases with UA, the clinical aggravation was associated with ECG signs of transitory or permanent myocardial hypoxia in the territory supplied by the LAD, while the patients with STEMI had ECG, biochemical and EchoCG signs of myocardial damage and kinetics disturbances in the left ventricular areas supplied by the LAD. All patients underwent intravascular instrumental investigation. During in-hospital stage all patients received conservative therapy including β-adrenergic receptors or CA-channels blockers; ACE inhibitors; disaggregants. Upon 12 months all patients underwent repeated outpatient examination. In all cases, the conducted therapy resulted in the improvement of the patients’ condition. Conclusion. This study allows concluding that MMB play an essential role in the pathogenesis of ACS, including STEMI
nnovative Seasonal Migrations and Subsistence System of the Mobile Pastoralists of the Desert-Steppe Zone of Eurasia:role of social groups
The study of the economic system of the earliest nomads which inhabited the Eurasian desert-steppe belt in 5000-2000 is a relevant task of contemporary studies. The data on the organization of living space and the role of social groups of early prehistoric pastoralists in the exploitation of open steppe resources are scarce. The paper presents a new methodological approach to searching camps of the earliest pastoralists. The application of this approach enabled the archaeologists to discover numerous seasonal camps in the Sal-Manych Ridge located in the western part of the Eurasian steppes, including Eneolithic camps dated to 4200-3600 BC. The study of the occupation layers at the sites, evaluation of the productivity of pasture systems made it possible to categorize such sites as short-term seasonal camps occupied by pastoralists, evaluate the role of social groups in the organization of innovative seasonal migrations and reconstruct their subsistence system. The camps emerged as a result of developing pastoral economic strategy in the Lower Don region and the abutting areas reflecting the role of special social groups of pastoralists who managed to organize seasonal moves and address the issue of exploiting pastures located beyond the permanently occupied area
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