22 research outputs found
ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ· Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈ(n-ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΈΠ»-3-Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ»ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠΌ)
Sorption properties of poly(3-aminopropylsilsesquioxanes) modified with thiourea groups were studied to predict the possibility of using poly(n-thiocarbamoyl-3-aminopropylsilsesquioxanes) (TCPS) in separation and concentration techniques. The sorbents were synthesized by the sol-gel method followed by solid-phase modification using ammonium thiocyanate or thiosemicarbazide as modifiers. It was established that sorbents with the highest content of thiocarbamide functional groups (modified with ammonium thiocyanate) enabled quantitative and selective recovery of Ag (I) from strongly acidic solutions. The degree of Ag (I) recovery slightly decreases at pH5, which is associated with increasing competitive sorption of Cu (II), Ca (II), Mg (II), Mn (II) and Fe (III). The highest recovery of Ag (I) for TCPS-0.63 and TCPS-0.68 was achieved at pH ranging from 4 to 8 (degree of recovery was 55β68% (TCPS-0.63); 21β26% (TCPS-0.68 )); at the same time, there was a predominance of competitive sorption of Ca (II), Mg (II), Mn (II), and Fe (III). Based on the aforementioned, it can be concluded that the sorbents modified with ammonium thiocyanate are characterized by high concentration of attached thiocarbamide groups that make them suitable for the selective recovery of Ag (I) ions from multicomponent solutions at pH 1β2. Β Keyword: solid-phase extraction, selective recovery, separation of metals, concentration, functional materials, polysilsesquioxane, thiourea, thiocarbamide, silver, sol-gel method.Π‘ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈ(n-ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΈΠ»-3-Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ»ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²) (Π’ΠΠΠ‘) Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ
ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈ(3-Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ»ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²), ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. Π‘ΠΎΡΠ±Π΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π·ΠΎΠ»Ρ-Π³Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π½Π°ΡΠ° Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±Π°Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π°. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠ±Π΅Π½ΡΡ Ρ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ (ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π½Π°ΡΠ° Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ) ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡ Ag (I) ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠ5 ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ag (I) Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ Π‘u (II), Ca (II), MgΒ (II), Mn (II) ΠΈ FeΒ (III). ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ag (I) Π΄Π»Ρ Π’ΠΠΠ‘-0.63 ΠΈ Π’ΠΠΠ‘-0.68 ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ ΠΎΡ 4 Π΄ΠΎ 8 (ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ 55β68Β % (Π’ΠΠΠ‘-0.63); 21β26Β % (Π’ΠΠΠ‘-0.68)) ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ Ca (II), Mg (II), Mn (II) ΠΈ Fe (III). ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠ±Π΅Π½ΡΡ, ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ° Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ, Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ, Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ AgΒ (I) ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ 1β2.Β ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°: ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ°Π·Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡ, ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π½, ΡΠΈΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ½Π°, ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄, ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠΎ, Π·ΠΎΠ»Ρ-Π³Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎ
ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ
The effective care for patients with self-poisoning with antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic drugs is associated with taking into account both clinical and adverse social, psychological and environmental stress factors. To identify their specifics, a retrospective analysis of 120 medical records and a clinical and psychological examination of 20 patients with antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic drugs self-poisoning and a comparison group of 34 patients with selfpoisoning with psychotropic drugs were carried out. It has been shown that the risk group for re-suicide in self-poisoning with antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic drugs is about 30% of patients. Risk factors are depressive symptoms that persist before discharge from the hospital, as well as dysfunctional personality traits (perfectionism in the form of increased preoccupation with the assessments of other people and frequent unfavorable comparisons with them, experiencing loneliness and isolation, increased impulsivity and a feeling of hostility from others) and unproductive ways of coping with stress (ruminative thinking or repetitive unpleasant and unproductive thoughts about anergy, lack of strength and loneliness). The results of the study and the developed psychodiagnostic complex can be used to identify targets for urgent psychological assistance and screening for the risk of re-suicide.ΠΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ (ΠΠΈΠΠ) ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π° Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
, ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ»Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· 120 ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 20 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΠΈΠΠ ΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ β 34 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΠΈΠΠ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 30% ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². Π€Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ Π²ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ° Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ (ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ·Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
) ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ (ΡΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ» ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°). Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ½Π³Π° ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄Π°
The Study of the Selective Properties of the Poly(N-Thiocarbamoyl-3-Aminopropyl Silsesquioxane) in Multicomponent Systems
Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΡΡΠ΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈ(N-ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΈΠ»-3-Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ»ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²) (Π’ΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π‘) ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ². Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠ±Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Pt (IV), Au (III), Pd (II) ΠΈ Ag (I); ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Au (III) ΠΎΡ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π’ΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π‘-1.39 ΠΏΠΎ Ag (I) Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅: 0.305 ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ/Π³, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ Ag (I) Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠ±Π΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ 93 % ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π’ΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π‘-2.56.The work is devoted to the evaluation of the selective properties of a number of poly(N-thiocarbamoyl-3-aminopropyl silsesquioxanes) in relation to the precious metal ions. It has been established that under conditions of competitive sorption, the studied substances are mainly extracted Pt (IV), Au (III), Pd (II) and Ag (I); the conditions under which separation of Au (III) from platinum ions is possible have been selected. The value of the total dynamic capacity of TKAPPSS-1.39 according to Ag (I) in the dynamic mode was determined: 0.305 mmol/g, while the sorption of base metal ions is insignificant. The use of thiourea sulfuric acid solution for de-sorption of Ag (I) from the TKPPSS surface allowed to achieve the maximum value of the elution degree of 93% whis using TKAPPSS-2.56
SORPTION EXTRACTION OF SILVER IONS FROM MULTIPLE-COMPONENT SOLUTIONS ON MODIFIED POLYSILSESCUIOXANE
In this work, we studied the sorption of silver(I) ions from ammonium-acetate solutions containing transition and alkaline earth metal ions. The effect of pH in the range from 0 to 8 on the degree of ion sorption was studied.ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠ΅ ΠΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π° Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π£ΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ° Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π.Π. ΠΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π° "ΠΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ-2030"
THE STUDY OF THE SELECTIVE PROPERTIES OF THIOCARBAMOYLATED PROPYLPOLYSILOXANE
The sorption of Pd(II) on thiocarbamoylated propylpolysiloxane reaches the maximum value at pH=2.5, the highest degree of recovery of Au(III), Pt(IV) is observed in the pH=3οΌ4 range with the combined presence of metal ions in the solution. The separation of Au(III) from platinum ions can be at pH=6.ΠΠ»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΠΎΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ΅Π²Π½Ρ Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅
The Conditions for Selective Extraction of Precious Metal Ions by Thiocarbamoylated Polysilsesquioxane
ΠΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π½Π° ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² Π²ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈ(N-ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΈΠ»-3-(2-Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ») Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ»ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π°) (Π’ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π‘) ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ°Ρ
Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ pH. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΊ ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌ Pt4+, Au3+, Ag+ ΠΈ Pd2+ Π² ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
, Π² ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ². Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Au3+ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ pH=2,5β7, Pt4+ β ΠΏΡΠΈ pH=4, Pd2+ β ΠΏΡΠΈ pH<4. Ag+ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π»Π΅ pH, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ° (I) ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π’ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π‘ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°.This work is devoted to the study of the sorption properties of the firstly synthesized the poly(N-thiocarbamoyl-3-(2-aminoethyl) aminopropylsilsesquioxane) with respect to precious metal ions in the conditions of competitive sorption. The study was carried out in static and dynamic versions using the multicomponent solutions with different pH values. The results obtained indicate a high affinity of the studied polysilsesquioxane for Pt4+, Au3+, Ag+, and Pd2+ ions in the multicomponent solutions, in contrast to base metal ions. In static conditions the most complete extraction of Au3+ is observed at pH = 2.5Π²Πβ7, Pt4+ at pH = 4, Pd2+ at pH <4. Ag+ is practically quantitatively extracted in the entire investigated pH range, which makes it possible to selectively separate this ion from the multicomponent systems. Silver (I) ions are quantitatively sorbed on TCAEAPPSS in the presence of foreign ions in the dynamic version of sorption, which in the future will allow the development of methods for the selective extraction of this type of ions from systems of complex composition
Π‘Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ· Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈ(N-ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΈΠ»β 3-Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ»ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠΌ)
The accumulation of electronic waste (e-waste) on the ground leads to environmental pollution with toxic metal ions, which subsequently harms all living organisms. Many countries still use hydrometallurgical or manual methods to extract silver ions from e-waste. These methods are unsustainable and highly toxic; therefore, it becomes necessary to introduce new environmentally compatible methods for separating valuable components from objects of various compositions. This article proposes an environmentally compatible method for the extraction of silver ions from multicomponent systems using poly(N-thiocarbamoylβ3-aminopropylsilsesquioxane). The sorbent surface was studied by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy using an attenuated total internal reflection accessory. The concentration of grafted thiourea groups is 1.39 mmol/g according to elemental analysis. It has been determined that this sorbent is capable of quantitatively extracting silver ions in the pH range from 0 to 6 at a concentration of silver ions in the initial solution of 1Β·10β4 mol/dm3; the static sorption capacity for silver ions under experimental conditions reaches 1.22 mmol/g. When sorption is carried out in dynamic mode, the value of the dynamic capacity before breakthrough is 0.046 mmol/g, and the value of the total dynamic capacity for silver ions is 0.132 mmol/g. The highest desorption (71β78 %) is achieved using sulfuric acid solutions with a thiourea concentration gradient.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΡΡΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ Π·Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°ΠΌ. ΠΠΎ ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡ Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°.Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π±Π΅Π·Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ± ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈ(N-ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΈΠ»β3-Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ»ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π°). ΠΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ±Π΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΠ-Π€ΡΡΡΠ΅-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°, ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ 1,39 ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ/Π³. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠ±Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ° Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ ΠΎΡ 0 Π΄ΠΎ 6 ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ° Π² ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ 1Β·10β4 ΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ/Π΄ΠΌ3, ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ Π΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ° Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π°Π΅Ρ 1,22 ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ/Π³. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΊΠ° β 0,046 ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ/Π³ ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ° β 0,132 ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ/Π³. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ (71β78 %) Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ½Ρ