An improvement of the Berry--Esseen inequality with applications to Poisson and mixed Poisson random sums

By a modification of the method that was applied in (Korolev and Shevtsova, 2009), here the inequalities $$\rho(F_n,\Phi)\le\frac{0.335789(\beta^3+0.425)}{\sqrt{n}}$$ and $$\rho(F_n,\Phi)\le \frac{0.3051(\beta^3+1)}{\sqrt{n}}$$ are proved for the uniform distance $\rho(F_n,\Phi)$ between the standard normal distribution function $\Phi$ and the distribution function $F_n$ of the normalized sum of an arbitrary number $n\ge1$ of independent identically distributed random variables with zero mean, unit variance and finite third absolute moment $\beta^3$. The first of these inequalities sharpens the best known version of the classical Berry--Esseen inequality since $0.335789(\beta^3+0.425)\le0.335789(1+0.425)\beta^3<0.4785\beta^3$ by virtue of the condition $\beta^3\ge1$, and 0.4785 is the best known upper estimate of the absolute constant in the classical Berry--Esseen inequality. The second inequality is applied to lowering the upper estimate of the absolute constant in the analog of the Berry--Esseen inequality for Poisson random sums to 0.3051 which is strictly less than the least possible value of the absolute constant in the classical Berry--Esseen inequality. As a corollary, the estimates of the rate of convergence in limit theorems for compound mixed Poisson distributions are refined.Comment: 33 page

Клиника и лечение бронхиальной астмы, сочетающейся с патологией сердечно-сосудистой системы

The purpose of research - to study cardiovascular diseases frequency in patients with bronchial asthma (BA), the influence of cardiovascular disease on clinical course and severity of BA, the role of base and symptomatic therapy, to evaluate quality of diagnostics and treatment of cardiovascular disease in patients with BA. The date of patients register BA in Krasnoyarsk (2005) was analyzed - 5 104 patients. The frequency of occurrence of BA with cardiovascular pathology is high and amounts to 88,3%. Small number of patients with severity course of BA - 55%, middle severity stage - 44%, invalidity - 64%. It was revealed, that cardiovascular pathology appears against a background BA. The part of patients with cardial pathology before BA diagnostics had therapy, influenced on hyperactivity and this therapy assisted in forming and worsening of asthma. Base therapy of BA in most cases did not correspond to severity stage of asthma and recommendations of GINA. The absences of symptom control is bound up with unregular research functional lung ability and with insufficient attention to diagnostics and treatment accompanied pathology of cardiovascular organs. Not only adequate therapy but study of patients with the purpose of complex realization of recommendation, decrees of risk factors and treatment of accompanied pathology is necessary for improvement of asthma control, decrease of exacerbation number, unplanned visits of doctor and calls to emergency.Цель исследования - изучить частоту встречаемости заболеваний сердечно-сосудистой системы (ССС) у больных бронхиальной астмой (БА), влияние заболеваний ССС на течение и степень тяжести БА, роль базисной и симптоматической терапии; оценить качество диагностики и лечения ССС у больных БА. Проанализированы данные регистра больных БА г. Красноярска за 2005 г. (5 104 пациента). Частота встречаемости БА в сочетании с патологией ССС высока и составляет 88,3%. Наибольшее количество больных с тяжелым течением БА - 55%, средней степени тяжести - 44%, имеющих группу инвалидности - 64%. Выявлено, что патология ССС чаще регистрируется уже на фоне имеющейся БА. У части больных терапия кардиальной патологии до диагностики БА включала препараты, влияющие на гиперреактивность, и могла способствовать формированию или обострению астмы. Базисная терапия БА в большинстве случаев не соответствовала степени тяжести астмы и рекомендациям GINA. Отсутствие контроля симптомов также связано с нерегулярным исследованием функциональной способности легких и с недостаточным вниманием к диагностике и лечению сопутствующих заболеваний органов ССС. Для улучшения контроля астмы, уменьшения количества обострений, неплановых визитов к врачу, вызовов скорой медицинской помощи необходимо не только назначение адекватного лечения, но и обучение пациентов с целью достижения комплаенса в выполнении рекомендаций, устранение факторов риска, провоцирующих обострение БА, и лечение сопутствующей патологии

High sensitivity GEM experiment on double beta decay of 76-Ge

The GEM project is designed for the next generation 2 beta decay experiments with 76-Ge. One ton of ''naked'' HP Ge detectors (natural at the first GEM-I phase and enriched in 76-Ge to 86% at the second GEM-II stage) are operating in super-high purity liquid nitrogen contained in the Cu vacuum cryostat (sphere with diameter 5 m). The latest is placed in the water shield. Monte Carlo simulation evidently shows that sensitivity of the experiment (in terms of the T1/2 limit for neutrinoless 2 beta decay) is 10^27 yr with natural HP Ge crystals and 10^28 yr with enriched ones. These bounds corresponds to the restrictions on the neutrino mass less than 0.05 eV and 0.015 eV with natural and enriched detectors, respectively. Besides, the GEM-I set up could advance the current best limits on the existence of neutralinos - as dark matter candidates - by three order of magnitudes, and at the same time would be able to identify unambiguously the dark matter signal by detection of its seasonal modulation.Comment: LaTeX, 20 pages, 4 figure

Results of thrombectomy in lower-extremity ischemia in patients with COVID-19 and respiratory failure of different severity

Aim. To analyze the results of thrombectomy in lower-extremity ischemia in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and respiratory failure of different severity.Material and methods. This retrospective, cohort, comparative study for the period from May 1, 2020 to March 1, 2022 included 305 patients with acute lower-extremity ischemia and COVID-19. Depending on the type of oxygen support, three groups of patients were formed: group 1 (n=168) — nasal oxygen insufflation; group 2 (n=92) — non-invasive ventilation (NIV); group 3 (n=45) — artificial ventilation (AV). Thrombectomy was carried out according to the standard technique using Fogarty catheters (3F-6F — depending on the vessel size). After the diagnosis was established before and after the start of surgical treatment, all patients received the following therapy: Unfractionated IV heparin infusion at an initial rate of 1000 U/r, adjusted to maintain the activated partial thromboplastin time at 2-3 times the normal value; 2. Oral acetylsalicylic acid 125 mg; 3. Analgesics.Results. Myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke were not detected in the total sample. The highest number of deaths (group 1: 5,3%, n=9; group 2: 72,8%, n=67; group 3: 100%, n=45; p&lt;0,0001), retrombosis (group 1 : 18,4%, n=31; group 2: 69,5%, n=64; group 3: 91,1%, n=41; p&lt;0,0001) and limb amputations (group 1: 9,5%, n=16; group 2: 56,5%, n=52; group 3: 91,1%, n=41; p&lt;0,0001) was recorded in group 3 patients.Conclusion. In patients receiving mechanical ventilation, COVID-19 have more aggressive course, which is expressed in an increase in laboratory para- meters (C-reactive protein, ferritin, interleukin-6, D-dimer), the severity of pneumonia and location of thrombosis in the tibial arteries. Among patients with COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation, the greatest number of rethromboses (91,1%), limb amputations (91,1%), and deaths (100%) are noted, which suggests the expediency of abandoning open thrombectomy in favor of anticoagulant/antiplatelet therapy in this cohort of patients. The development of arterial thrombosis in patients with COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation is an indicator of a high risk of death. Open thrombectomy in combination with anticoagulant/antiplatelet therapy is most effective in patients on nasal oxygen insufflation or NIV

Results of different kinds of carotid endarterectomy in patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the important markers for the development of adverse cardiovascular events after carotid endarterectomy (CEE). However, studies on this issue are based on small sample of patients and do not take into account the type of surgery as an additional factor of potentially negative impact on the course of the postoperative period.AIM: Analysis of hospital and long-term results of eversion and classical CEE with plastic surgery of the reconstruction zone with a biological patch in patients with type 2 diabetes and without it.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this multicenter retrospective study from January 2010 to December 2020. included 5731 patients. Depending on the presence / absence of type 2 diabetes and the type of implemented CEE, 4 groups were formed: group 1 — 12.2% (n = 702) — patients with type 2 diabetes and eversion CEE; Group 2 — 55.0% (n = 3153) patients without type 2 diabetes and eversion CEE; Group 3 — 8.5% (n = 484) patients with type 2 diabetes and classical CEE; Group 4 — 24.3% (n = 1392) patients without type 2 diabetes and classical CEE. The duration of postoperative follow-up was 78.6 ± 39.2 months.RESULTS: At the long-term follow-up stage, patients with type 2 diabetes after the classical surgical technique demonstrated the highest rates of all types of complications: death (p &lt;0.0001), MI (p = 0.011), ischemic stroke (p &lt;0.0001), restenosis / occlusion of the ICA (p &lt;0.0001), combined end point (p &lt;0.0001). At the same time, the group of eversion CEE with impaired carbohydrate metabolism took the second position in terms of the prevalence of adverse events. These circumstances demonstrate that patch implantation is accompanied by an increased risk of developing not only myocardial infarction, but also restenosis of the reconstruction zone, as well as the associated ischemic stroke, which was demonstrated by our results.CONCLUSION: Patients with type 2 diabetes and a history of CEE are at increased risk of ischemic stroke at the hospital stage of observation and all unfavorable cardiovascular conditions (death, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, restenosis or ICA occlusion in the reconstruction zone) in the long-term postoperative period

The influence of size effect on the electronic and elastic properties of diamond films with nanometer thickness

The atomic structure and physical properties of few-layered oriented diamond nanocrystals (diamanes), covered by hydrogen atoms from both sides are studied using electronic band structure calculations. It was shown that energy stability linear increases upon increasing of the thickness of proposed structures. All 2D carbon films display direct dielectric band gaps with nonlinear quantum confinement response upon the thickness. Elastic properties of diamanes reveal complex dependence upon increasing of the number of layers. All theoretical results were compared with available experimental data.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures, 3 table

Ten-year long-term outcomes of conventional and eversion carotid endarterectomy. Multicenter study

Aim. To analyze the immediate and long-term outcomes of eversion and conventional carotid endarterectomy (CE) with patch angioplasty.Material and methods. For the period from February 1, 2006 to September 1, 2021, the present retrospective multicenter open comparative study included 25106 patients who underwent CE. Depending on the technique of operation, the following groups were formed: group 1 (n=18362) — eversion CE; group 2 (n=6744) — conventional CE with patch angioplasty. The long-term follow-up period was 124,7±53,8 months.Results. In the hospital postoperative period, the groups were comparable in incidence of all complications: lethal outcome (group 1: 0,19%, n=36; group 2: 0,17%, n=12; p=0,89; odds ratio (OR) =1,1; 95% confidence interval (CI) =0,57- 2,11); myocardial infarction (MI) (group 1: 0,15%, n=28; group 2: 0,13%, n=9; p=0,87; OR=1,14; 95% CI=0,53-2,42); stroke (group 1: 0,33%, n=62; group 2: 0,4%, n=27; p=0,53; OR=0,84; 95% CI=0,53-1,32); bleeding with hematoma formation (group 1: 0,39%, n=73; group 2: 0,41%, n=28; p=0,93; OR=0,95; 95% CI=0,61-1,48); internal carotid artery (ICA) thrombosis (group 1: 0,05%, n=11; group 2: 0,07%, n=5, p=0,9; OR=0,8; 95% CI=0,28-2,32). In the long-term follow-up, the groups were comparable only in MI incidence: group 1: 0,56%, n=103; group 2: 0,66%, n=45; p=0,37; OR=0,84; 95% CI=0,59-1,19. All other complications were more frequent after conventional CE with patch angioplasty: all-cause death (group 1: 2,7%, n=492; group 2: 9,1%, n=616; p&lt;0,0001; OR=0,27; 95% CI=0,24-0,3); lethal ischemic stroke (group 1: 1,0%, n=180; group 2: 5,5%, n=371; p&lt;0,0001; OR=0,17; 95% CI=0,14-0,21); non-lethal ischemic stroke (group 1: 0,62%, n=114; group 2: 7,0%, n=472; p&lt;0,0001; OR=0,08; 95% CI=0,06-0,1); ICA restenosis &gt;60%, requiring re-revascularization (group 1: 1,6%, n=296; group 2: 12,6%, n=851; p&lt;0,0001; OR=0,11; 95% CI=0,09-0,12). Thus, the composite endpoint (lethal ischemic stroke + non-lethal ischemic stroke + MI) after conventional CE with patch angioplasty was more than 6 times higher than this parameter of eversion CE: group 1: 2,2%, n=397; group 2: 13,2%, n=888; p&lt;0,0001; OR=0,14; 95% CI=0,12-1,16.Conclusion. Conventional CE with patch angioplasty is not prefer for cerebral revascularization in the presence of hemodynamically significant ICA stenosis due to the high prevalence of deaths, stroke, and ICA restenosis in the long-term follow-up

CVD-Enabled Graphene Manufacture and Technology.

Integrated manufacturing is arguably the most challenging task in the development of technology based on graphene and other 2D materials, particularly with regard to the industrial demand for “electronic-grade” large-area films. In order to control the structure and properties of these materials at the monolayer level, their nucleation, growth and interfacing needs to be understood to a level of unprecedented detail compared to existing thin film or bulk materials. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has emerged as the most versatile and promising technique to develop graphene and 2D material films into industrial device materials and this Perspective outlines recent progress, trends, and emerging CVD processing pathways. A key focus is the emerging understanding of the underlying growth mechanisms, in particular on the role of the required catalytic growth substrate, which brings together the latest progress in the fields of heterogeneous catalysis and classic crystal/thin-film growth.Funding from the ERC (Grant No. 279342, InSituNANO) and EPSRC (Grant No. EP/K016636/1, GRAPHTED) is acknowledged. R.S.W. acknowledges a research fellowship from St. John’s College, Cambridge.This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from ACS via http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b0105