455 research outputs found
Perturbative Gravity in the Causal Approach
Quantum theory of the gravitation in the causal approach is studied up to the
second order of perturbation theory. We prove gauge invariance and
renormalizability in the second order of perturbation theory for the pure
gravity system (massless and massive). Then we investigate the interaction of
massless gravity with matter (described by scalars and spinors) and massless
Yang-Mills fields. We obtain a difference with respect to the classical field
theory due to the fact that in quantum field theory one cannot enforce the
divergenceless property on the vector potential and this spoils the
divergenceless property of the usual energy-momentum tensor. To correct this
one needs a supplementary ghost term in the interaction Lagrangian.Comment: 50 pages, no figures, some changes in the last sectio
The Interaction of Quantum Gravity with Matter
The interaction of (linearized) gravitation with matter is studied in the
causal approach up to the second order of perturbation theory. We consider the
generic case and prove that gravitation is universal in the sense that the
existence of the interaction with gravitation does not put new constraints on
the Lagrangian for lower spin fields. We use the formalism of quantum off-shell
fields which makes our computation more straightforward and simpler.Comment: 25 page
Photoacoustic technique for the characterization of plasmonic properties of 2D periodic arrays of gold nanoholes
We apply photo-acoustic (PA) technique to examine plasmonic properties of 2D
periodic arrays of nanoholes etched in gold/chromium layer upon a glass substrate
Local Nature of Coset Models
The local algebras of the maximal Coset model C_max associated with a chiral
conformal subtheory A\subset B are shown to coincide with the local relative
commutants of A in B, provided A contains a stress energy tensor.
Making the same assumption, the adjoint action of the unique
inner-implementing representation U^A associated with A\subset B on the local
observables in B is found to define net-endomorphisms of B. This property is
exploited for constructing from B a conformally covariant holographic image in
1+1 dimensions which proves useful as a geometric picture for the joint
inclusion A\vee C_max \subset B.
Immediate applications to the analysis of current subalgebras are given and
the relation to normal canonical tensor product subfactors is clarified. A
natural converse of Borchers' theorem on half-sided translations is made
accessible.Comment: 33 pages, no figures; typos, minor improvement
PRODUCTION STATUS OF BIOMASS PELLETS – REVIEW
The use of biomass has become extremely important for the production of clean energy from renewable sources. This is due to the continuously increased need for energy, to the possible depletion of conventional fossil fuels in the near future, and also to the regulations of European Union on the need to reduce significantly the emissions of greenhouse gases. This paper presents a synthesis on the raw materials used for pellets production, some of the important characteristics of pellets (density, ash content and heating power), and also data on the status of pellets production and consumption in different countries. Latest reported data show that the European Union is the biggest wood pellets producer globally, with a production of 13.5 million tonnes in 2014. Romania’s pellets production in 2014 was of 740000 tonnes, and estimations are that in 2020 it will exceed 1.2 million tonnes
ASPECTS REGARDING THE ENERGY POTENTIAL OF THE MISCANTHUS PLANT
Greenhouse gases resulting from human activities are the most significant driver of climate change. The use of renewable resources obtained by cultivating energy plants, that have the potential of replacing fossil fuels, is one of the most important approaches to reduce the consequences produced by this global climate change hazard.The paper presents information regarding the energy potential of the Miscanthus plant, that can be explored in three main directions: to produce bioethanol, biogas or solid biomass (chopped, pellets or briquettes), then use thermochemical processes for energy production
RESEARCH ON INDUSTRIALIZATION IN OBTAINING BIOFERTILIZERS AND BIOFUELS FROM SEAWEED
Obtaining biofertilizers and biofuels from organic products has been of great interest in recent years and is an important step in combating pests and reducing soil chemicals. Seaweed is an great agent in reduction pollution, in the textile industry, in the manufacture of pulp and paper, in distillation, in petrochemistry, metallurgy, chemistry, food, pharmaceuticals, as well as in agriculture as biofertilizers.This article presents stages of research worldwide on the potential of industrialization in obtaining biofuels and biofertilizers from seaweed.The paper highlights technologies and processing methods in obtaining future biofertilizers and biofuels with a low impact on new climate change felt strongly on agriculture
The impact of thermal fatigue and carbidisation of the W coatings deposited on CFC tiles for the ITER-like Wall project at JET
Advances in multimodality treatment of cerebral aneurysms
Background: The treatment of intracranial aneurysms has undergone a paradigm shift such
that endovascular therapy has emerged as a viable treatment regimen. Thus, microsurgery
techniques have become less invasive, more appealing to patients, lower risk, and efficacious for
complex aneurysms, particularly those unfavorable for or failing endovascular therapy.
Methods: We reviewed literature and emphasized major modern techniques used in complex
aneurysm treatment. Also we present several cases of minimal invasive supraorbital „keyhole”
craniotomy, used in treatment of anterior circulation aneurysms and a case report of a giant cavernous
carotid aneurysm resolved with an extra-intracranial high-flow bypass and trapping of parent vessel.
Results: Multimodality treatment of cerebral aneurysm provided by literature can be divided
in two major groups: microsurgery and endovascular techniques. Microsurgery include: direct clip
occlusion via a large or minimal invasive craniotomy, clip occlusion after coil extraction and bypass
techniques; while endovascular techniques embrace: coiling, stent/balloon-assisted coiling and
pipeline endovascular device flow diverter.
Conclusion: Contemporary management strategies should involve all aspects of neurovascular care,
including neuroendovascular physicians, neurocritical care, and neuroanesthesia. All of these specialties should be synergistic and complementary in their approach with the common goal of managing the
obliteration of the aneurysm with minimal risk, both short-term and long-term, to the patient
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