First Diabetic Retinopathy Prevalence Study in Portugal: RETINODIAB Study-Evaluation of the Screening Programme for Lisbon and Tagus Valley Region

BACKGROUND/AIMS: In Portugal, so far, there is no study or even accurate data on the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR), based on a large representative sample and on a long-term follow-up. The objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of DR based on a national screening community-based programme. METHODS: A 5-year retrospective analysis of the RETINODIAB screening programme results was implemented in Lisbon and Tagus Valley area between July 2009 and October 2014. We estimated the prevalence of retinopathy for all patients with type 2 diabetes and studied the association between known risk factors and retinopathy emergence at their first screening. RESULTS: Throughout this period, from a total of 103 102 DR readable screening examinations, 52 739 corresponded to patients who attended RETINODIAB screening at entry. Globally, DR was detected in 8584 patients (16.3%). Of these, 5484 patients (10.4%) had mild non-proliferative (NP) DR, 1457 patients (2.8%) had moderate NPDR and 672 (1.3%) had severe NPDR. Finally, 971 patients (1.8%) had proliferative DR requiring urgent referral to an ophthalmologist. The presence of any DR, non-referable DR or referable DR was strongly associated with increasing duration of diabetes and earlier age at diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence rate of DR in our study (16.3%) was slightly lower than other published international data. The RETINODIAB network proved to be an effective screening programme as it improved DR screening in Lisbon and Tagus Valley surrounding are

Dry matter intake by beef steers on Piatã palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Piatã) pasture.

201

Determination of n-Alkanes at Different Stratum Heights in a Pasture of \u3ci\u3ePanicum maximum\u3c/i\u3e cv. Mombaça

The aim of this experiment was to determine n-alkane levels in the stem + leaf sheath and leaf blade components of a pasture of Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça, harvested in 20 cm stratified layers. This pasture was under rotational grazing for intensive beef production throughout the year. The grazing system was based on the use of 16 paddocks with a 2-day grazing period followed by a 30-day resting period. Profiles of n-alkanes were determined in samples harvested in three separate periods: in the middle of the dry season (August 97; PERIOD 1), at the beginning of the wet season (November 97; PERIOD 2) and at the end of the wet season (April 98; PERIOD 3). Chain length was measured in the range from C27 to C35. Within the three sampling periods, C33 and C31 were the most abundant alkanes, both in the stem + leaf sheath and leaf blade. The effect of sampling periods and pasture heights on n-alkane profiles were observed for the leaf blade component only

Identification and Quantification of n-Alkanes in Three Tropical Grasses

The main goal of this paper was to quantify the profile of n-alkanes in three tropical grasses. Hand plucking samples to simulate grazing were taking from Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça and Pennisetum purpureum cv. Cameroon. These samples were collected from an experiment established to assess intensive beef production from grasses throughout the year, under rotational grazing. Rotation order through the paddocks remained constant, with 30 days of rest after each grazing bout (16 paddocks, 2 days of grazing). Profiles of n-alkanes were analysed in three separate periods of the year: in the middle of the dry season (August 98; PERIOD 1), at the beginning of the wet season (November 97; PERIOD 2) and at the end of the wet season (April 98; PERIOD 3). Chain length was measured from C27 to C35. The concentration of odd n-alkanes, mainly C35, C33, C31 and C29, showed a wide variation between species and some variation between sampling periods. The most frequent alkanes in the Cameroon cultivar were C33, C31 and C29, and in the cv. Marandu and Mombaça were C33 and C31

First Incidence and Progression Study for Diabetic Retinopathy in Portugal, the RETINODIAB Study: Evaluation of the Screening Program for Lisbon Region

PURPOSE: To estimate the 5-year incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) among persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). DESIGN: Population-based, prospective, cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: The RETINODIAB (Study Group for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening) program was implemented in the Lisbon and Tagus Valley area between July 2009 and December 2014. A total of 109 543 readable screening examinations were performed and corresponded to 56 903 patients who attended the screening program at entry. A total of 30 641 patients (53.85%) had at least 1 further screening event within the study period and were included in the analysis. METHODS: Participants underwent two 45° nonstereoscopic retinal digital photographs per eye according to RETINODIAB protocol. All images were graded according to the International Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy Scale. Referable diabetic retinopathy (RDR) was defined for all patients graded as moderate nonproliferative DR (NPDR), severe NPDR, or proliferative DR (PDR), with or without maculopathy or mild NPDR with maculopathy. Nonparametric estimates of the annual and cumulative incidences were obtained by Turnbull's estimator. Associations between the potential risk factors and the time to onset/progression of retinopathy were assessed through a parametric survival analysis for interval-censored data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The authors estimated the onset and progression incidence rates of DR. RESULTS: Yearly incidence of any DR in patients without retinopathy at baseline was 4.60% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.96-4.76) in the first year, decreasing to 3.87% (95% CI, 2.57-5.78) in the fifth year. In participants with mild NPDR at baseline, the progression rate to RDR in year 1 was 1.18% (95% CI, 0.96-1.33). Incidence of any DR and RDR and DR progression rate were associated with known duration of diabetes, age at diagnosis, and use of insulin treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This longitudinal epidemiologic study provides the first Portuguese incidence DR data in a large-scale population-based cohort of type 2 diabetes after a 5-year follow-up. Duration of diabetes, age at diagnosis, and insulin treatment were associated with increasing risk of incidence and progression of DR. A personalized schedule distribution of screening intervals according to the individual patient's profile should be implemented, with resulting benefits in terms of health costs.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Evaluation of Acid Detergent Fibre, Sulphuric Acid Lignin and N-Alkanes as Markers for Estimating Ruminal Digestibility in Cattle

Most of the published studies on estimating organic matter (OM) rumen digestibility (OMRD) use research animals fitted with simple t-type cannulas and an external or inter-nal marker for estimating the duodenal digesta flow. Although there is not an ideal or standard marker, com-pared to external markers, internal markers have the advantage of occurring naturally in the diet and, conse-quently, they flow intimately associated with digesta (Titgemeyer 1997). In digestibility studies where total faec-es output is measured, duodenal digesta flow may be estimated based on both faeces output and the ratio of a marker concentration in faeces and in duodenal digesta. Sulphuric acid lignin (ADL) has been commonly used as an internal marker in this approach. However, its low concen-trations in duodenal digesta usually compromises estimate precision. The objective of this study was to evaluate acid detergent fibre (ADF) in comparison with ADL, as well as with n-alkanes, as a marker for estimating OMRD in cattle

Fecal N excretion as an approach to estimate forage intake by sheep and cattle.

This study was carried out to evaluate the reliability of using faecal N as a predictor of organic matter (OM) intake by sheep and cattle fed a natural pasture hay

Efeito da suplementação sobre a verminose de cordeiras recém-desmamadas.

Cordeiras recém desmamadas, mantidas em campo nativo, receberam por um mês e meio suplementações com 12 e 18% de proteína bruta para observar os efeitos de uma melhor nutrição na contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) e no número de medicações requeridas. Além dos tratamentos (12 e 18% PB), houve tratamento controle (sem suplementação). Previamente, os animais receberam suplementação por 14 dias para adaptação. Coletas semanais de fezes e de sangue foram realizadas para monitorar o efeito das suplementações no OPG e no volume globular (VG). A pesagem dos animais foi mensal. Animais com volume globular abaixo de 15% foram medicados para evitar mortalidade (medicação de salvamento). Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença significativa para ganho de peso (p>0,05). A suplementação das cordeiras aumentou a resiliência frente a Haemonchus, isto foi observado por meio das medicações de salvamento que tiveram frequências de 58%, 20% e 10% nos animais dos grupos controle, 12% PB e 18% PB, respectivamente. A suplementação com 18% PB reduziu o OPG em 37,4% e aumentou a média de volume globular em relação a suplementação com 12% PB. Ou seja, o nível de 12% foi insuficiente para obter melhores respostas tanto em OPG como em VG.bitstream/item/218304/1/BPD-44-online.pd