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    Savings and Loan Behaviour of the Population in the Russian Regions

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    The recurrent shocks that accompany the global banking systems are largely due to the savings and loan behaviour of individuals. The study of the ratio of the deposit and credit transactions of individuals for the period 2012 β€” 2018 in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation allows identifying the features of this behaviour. Considering the regional specificity, the study examines the patterns of changes in the ratio of deposits and loans of the population. Additionally, the study explains the features of such behaviour comparing the change in the ratio of deposits and loans in the regions and the average Russian values. The hypothesis states that there is a stable relationship between these values. The study applies the comparison method as well as the author’s convergence index of the values of the ratio of deposits and loans of the regional population and the average national values. As a result, the behaviour of depositors and borrowers is characterised by numereous features: while the volume of deposits increases in December, January is marked by a withdrawal of funds from banks. As a rule, the decrease in absolute investments is accompanied by the increase in deposits compared to the loans. However, this rule did not work in the acute phase of the crisis of 2014. Consequently, these features result in a proportional dependence of the indicators of loan debts and the volume of deposits. This dependence is close to the ratio β€œthe volume of debt is half the size of the volume of deposits”. The identified relationship is cyclical (close to the sinusoid). Further development of this approach should focus on a deep analysis of factors affecting the savings and loan behaviour in domestic banks. These factors include innate or acquired tendency to save, strength of the response to external pressure, susceptibility to advertising of bank products, inertial decision-making, etc.ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ шоки, ΡΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… банковских систСм, Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΌ обусловлСны ΡΠ±Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π³Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΊΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡ‚Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ физичСских Π»ΠΈΡ†. Для выявлСния Π΅Π³ΠΎ особСнностСй ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ исслСдованиС ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ объСмов Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ ΠΊΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ физичСских Π»ΠΈΡ† Π² 2012–2018 Π³Π³. Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π΅Π·Π΅ ΡΡƒΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Π Π€. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ исслСдования β€” закономСрности ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΊΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ² насСлСния с ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… особСнностСй. ЦСлью Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ стал поиск объяснСния особСнностСй Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ повСдСния насСлСния с ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ измСнСния ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ срСднСроссийских Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π’Ρ‹Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡƒΡ‚Π° Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π·Π° ΠΎ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠΈ устойчивого ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ этими Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Наряду с ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ сравнСния ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ авторский индСкс сблиТСния ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΊΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ² насСлСния Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ срСдних ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ странС. Π’ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ выявлСн ряд особСнностСй повСдСния Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Ρ‡ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π·Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‰ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²: ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ² насСлСния растут Π² Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π±Ρ€Π΅, Π° Π² январС происходит ΠΈΠ·ΡŠΡΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π½Π΅ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… срСдств ΠΈΠ· Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ². Как ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, влоТСния Π² Π°Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‰Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡŽΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ процСсс увСличСния объСма Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ объСма Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ². Но Π² острой Ρ„Π°Π·Π΅ кризиса 2014 Π³. это ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π½Π΅ сработало. Π’ ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ воздСйствиСм этих ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… особСнностСй ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ объСма Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ объСма задолТСнности ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡ‚Π°ΠΌ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ€Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ зависимости, которая оказалась Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠ° ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ «объСм задолТСнности Π² Π΄Π²Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π° мСньшС объСма Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ²Β». ВыявлСнноС ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€, Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊ синусоидС. Π”Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡˆΠ΅Π΅ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π° видится Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π³Π»ΡƒΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… влияниС Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ насСлСния Π² части сбСрСТСний ΠΈ заимствований Π² отСчСствСнных Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠ°Ρ…: Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… склонностСй ΠΊ накоплСнию, силы Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ внСшнСй срСды, стСпСни восприимчивости ΠΊ Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΈΠ½Π΅Ρ€Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ принятия финансовых Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€.The article has been prepared with the support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, the project No. 19–010–00801 A.ИсслСдованиС Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ финансовой ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠ΅ РЀЀИ Π² Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ… Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π° β„– 19–010–00801 A

    Π Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΏΡ€ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ рСгулирования банковского крСдитования физичСских Π»ΠΈΡ† Π² России

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    The article highlights the use of macroprudential instruments by the Bank of Russia that regulate the population Lending of the Russian banking sector. The purpose of the work is to study the theoretical background and practical results of using indicators of the total cost of credit and the debt load of the population to ensure stability of the banking sector. The authors used methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis of scientific publications, regulatory sources, retrospective statistics. The study showed that initially, the regulator introduces new macroprudential instruments as recommended, and subsequently transfers them to mandatory. The regulatory mechanism is based on the ratio dependence of the bank capital adequacy on the actual values of the total loan cost and debt load of the borrower - individual. The mortgage debt to collateral value ratio supports the housing mortgage lending regulation process. The authors concluded that the banking sector’s reaction to the introduction of the total credit cost indicator is more prominent than the introduction of the debt burden indicator. When the Bank of Russia obliged to take into account the full cost of the loan when measuring capital adequacy, banks were not able to increase capital; they reduced high-risk lending. The practice of macroprudential regulation of credit risks in the banking sector is complemented by the introduction of credit holidays for borrowers - individuals, who are struggling because of the pandemic. The obtained theoretical and practical results can be used in the development of the financial stability regulation practice in Russia, at the micro-level - when designing and changing credit policy.Π‘Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡ посвящСна ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Π‘Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠΌ России ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΏΡ€ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… инструмСнтов, Ρ€Π΅Π³ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ российского банковского сСктора с насСлСниСм. ЦСль Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ - ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ тСорСтичСскиС прСдпосылки ΠΈ практичСскиС Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ использования ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ стоимости ΠΊΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡ‚Π° ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΠΊΠΈ насСлСния для обСспСчСния ΡΡ‚Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ банковского сСктора. Π˜ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ качСствСнного ΠΈ количСствСнного Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ, Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… источников, рСтроспСктивных статистичСских Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…. ИсслСдованиС ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΏΡ€ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ инструмСнты рСгулятор ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Π΅, Π° Π² дальнСйшСм ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅. ΠœΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ рСгулирования основан Π½Π° зависимости ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ достаточности банковского ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»Π° ΠΎΡ‚ фактичСских Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ стоимости ΠΊΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡ‚Π° ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΠΊΠΈ Π·Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‰ΠΈΠΊΠ° - физичСского Π»ΠΈΡ†Π°. Π Π΅Π³ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ‰Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ крСдитования Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ использованиСм показатСля, Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ обСспСчСния. Π‘Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½ Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ рСакция банковского сСктора Π½Π° Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ показатСля ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ стоимости ΠΊΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡ‚Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ выраТСнная, Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π° Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ показатСля Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΠΊΠΈ. Π‘ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° опрСдСлСния достаточности банковского ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»Π° Π² зависимости ΠΎΡ‚ показатСля ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ стоимости ΠΊΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡ‚Π° физичСскому Π»ΠΈΡ†Ρƒ Π² условиях ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… возмоТностСй Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ собствСнныС срСдства ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ€Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ растущСй Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π΅ рисков Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΈ сократили Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π°Ρ‡ΠΈ высокорискованных ΠΊΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ². На Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΠ°Π½Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ коронавируса ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΡƒ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΏΡ€ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ рСгулирования ΠΊΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ риска банковского сСктора дополняСт административноС Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΊΡƒΠ» Π² связи с Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ сниТСниСм Π΄ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π·Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‰ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² - физичСских Π»ΠΈΡ†. ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ тСорСтичСскиС ΠΈ практичСскиС Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ рСгулирования финансовой ΡΡ‚Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ российского банковского сСктора, Π½Π° ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ - ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ

    Economic Transformation of Regions of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation

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    Post-crisis development of national economy substantially is defined by global trends on restoration of growth rates. It is necessary to use the capacity of macro regions of the country among which the important place is taken by the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF). There is a need for a research of ability of structure of economy of the territorial subjects of the federation entering it in whole or in part to adaptaΒ tion to the changing managing conditions. It is important to reveal effectiveness of efforts of large and small business, the regional and federal bodies of authority and management, the available market institutes in general directed to activation of economic factors of AZRF. In article the hypothesis of a possibility of assessment of dynamics of change of this structure with the indicators characterizing structure of the gross regional product (GRP) of the territorial subjects of the Russian Federation included in AZRF is made and considered. The research of structure of this indicator is conducted during 2005–2016 with application of the index of structure offered by the author. It is revealed that during the analyzed period of fluctuation of the sizes of shares in structures of GRP of subjects of AZRF significantly differ among themselves. Entry into AZRF into the analyzed period had no significant effect on change of structure of GRP of the entering territorial subjects of the Russian Federation yet. It says about prevalence of the economic practice which developed under the influence of a geographical factor. In subjects of AZRF the trend on reduction of a share of agriculture, hunting and forestry, the processing productions, transport and communication and financial activity with simultaneous increase in a share of mining proceeds. Significant growth in a share of public administration and ensuring military safety is observed; obligatory social insurance at stagnation of the size of a contribution of education, health care and providing social services. Fluctuations of the sizes of shares in structures of GRP of subjects of AZRF are uneven that speaks about preservation of a trend on a variety of structures of regional economies. The insignificant tendency to more balanced participation of subjects of the district in creation of total amount of GRP due to high dynamics of the extracting sector is revealed. In the Arctic in the analyzed years the industrial logic of development assuming large-scale industrial exploitation of natural resources amplified

    Managing the Gross Regional Product Structure in the Territorial Subjects of the Southern Federal District

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    The condition of national economy is substantially determined by the level of economic development of certain regions in the country. Adaptive capability of separate regional economy of external and internal risk damping depends on features of its structure which forms inertially under the impact of managerial influence from the authorities depending on three main managerial objectives of forming the structure of regional economy: bringing the structure of regional economy to a uniform state, individualization of this structure or strategy assuming integration of regions with the differing structure to macroregions. In the article the hypothesis of the assessment possibility of managerial impact by means of the indicators characterizing rapprochement or a discrepancy of the gross regional product (GRP) structure within one federal district is considered. The research of the structure of the given indicator at the subjects of the Southern Federal District for the period 2005–2015 is conducted using an index method, including calculation of the Szalai index and the index of structure offered by the author. It did not reveal a significant effect on change of the structure of GRP subjects in the analysed period. It provides with the possibility to speak about weakness or lack of purposeful managerial impact on this indicator from the district level of the power. In the federal district obvious tendencies to more balanced participation of regions in creation of total amount of GRP are not revealed. Due to the universality and high sensitivity of the received results, the formulated algorithm of calculation of the structure index, is acceptable for convergence determination of the structure of regional economies on the basis of the GRP structure indicator and can be applied in other federal districts of Russia

    ECONOMY OF HIGHER EDUCATION: SPACE OF RISKS AND THREATS

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    The article analyzes the current state of economy sector of higher education in Russia. It is noted that the efficiency of education depends on the efficiency of its institutions. The author draws a conclusion on the exhaustion of opportunities of the working model of professional education financing. Two new models of financing, capable to have an impact onthe increase of the efficiency of institutions of education are offered. The first model assumesan increase in cost of training on condition of increase in the period of calculation. The second model assumes strengthening of a role of state regulation of the financial relations in higher education at reduction of volumes of the budgetary financing. Features of models in relation to an open foreign market of educational services are specified. Problems of growth of the efficiency at preservation of modern budgetary financing are noted

    The managed printing activity of universities: unde venis et quo vadis?

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    ΠœΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ процСссы Π² Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ пространствС Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Π²Π°Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ активности профСссорско-ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ состава, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ понимания ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ отставания ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ². ЦСлью Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠΈ являСтся ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ базиса исслСдоватСлСй Π½Π° основС Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… слов ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Ρ‚ΠΈ 30 тыс. ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ… Π²ΡƒΠ·ΠΎΠ² России Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ 2010-2015 Π³Π³. Один Π²ΡƒΠ· являСтся участником ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π° Β«5-100Β», Π° Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΠ» статус ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡƒΠ·Π°. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ исслСдования ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΡΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ряд закономСрностСй, Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ числС ΠΏΠΎ частотС ΠΈ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρƒ использования ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… слов, ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ основныС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹, ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΡΡ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ доступу отСчСствСнных Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ дискуссионныС ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‰Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· зависимости ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ активности Π² экономичСски Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹Ρ… странах ΠΌΠΈΡ€Π°, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Ρ Россию. ВыявлСна Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ этого показатСля ΠΈ показатСля Π’Π’ΠŸ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ этом ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ российскиС исслСдоватСли ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‚ Π² срСднСм Π² 4,5 Ρ€Π°Π·Π° мСньшС ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ с Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠΎΠΉ сравниваСмых стран. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΎ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π·Π΅Ρ€Π²Π° роста. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ исслСдованиС Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π½Π΄ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡ‚Ρƒ ΠΎΡ…Π²Π°Ρ‚Π° всСх Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², тормозящих ΡƒΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ активности Π² Π²ΡƒΠ·Π°Ρ…. ВмСстС с Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ Π² ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ сформулированы основныС стратСгичСскиС ΠΈ тактичСскиС управлСнчСскиС ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‹, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ этому, Π° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ: Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ базиса Π² сторону мСйнстрима ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ мысли; устранСниС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ€Π΅Ρ‡ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡƒΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ исслСдованиями; использованиС прСимущСств Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Ρ‹Π²Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ отраслСвой спСциализациСй Π²ΡƒΠ·Π° ΠΈ публикациями Π΅Π³ΠΎ исслСдоватСлСй; усилСниС ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡƒΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡƒΠ·ΠΎΠ²; ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊ ΡƒΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌ; созданиС ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… сСрвисов ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‡. Набор Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ для формирования ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ вузовской ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ управлСния ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ. Он ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡ‚ΡŒ интСрСс для Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ позволяСт ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΊΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π», Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ для исслСдоватСлСй ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ стрСмятся Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΡƒΡ‡Π°ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π² Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ повСстки.International processes in academic informational space require not only a total increase of teaching and academic staff activities but the Institute right understanding of lagging behind international trends. The aim of this research article is to evaluate researchers' intellectual basis using the analysis of key words from almost 30000 publications by authors from two Russian universities during the period from 2010 till 2015. One of the universities participates in 5-100 Project and the other is a pillar regional university. The research identified several patterns based on frequency and character of key words use and singled out problems hindering the access of Russian authors to international discussion platforms. Authors conducted analysis of dependencies of publication activities in economically developed countries including Russia. They have identified dependence of this indicator and GDP indicator. It should be mentioned that Russian researchers have on average 4,5 times less publication compared to other countries under comparison. This demonstrates objective growth reserve. Authors do not claim full coverage of all factors hindering the management of dynamic development of publication activities at universities. At the same time the article formulates the main strategic and tactical managerial measures facilitating this process, such as: turning research basis towards international academic thinking mainstream; eliminating discrepancies in academic research management; using advantages of a between university branch specialization and publications of its researchers; stronger individualization of universities; transition from general topics to specialized ones; creation of publication service, etc. It is of interest for academic managers as allows for making conclusion concerning present state of affairs as well as for researchers and teams willing to take an active part in forming relevant academic list of topics

    Budgetary risk of a mistake

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    ΠŸΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Π±ΡŽΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π° сопряТСна с Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚Π° большого количСства рисков. Наряду с экономичСскими, политичСскими ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ рисками присутствуСт риск ошибки. Π•Π³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ±ΡƒΡ‚ процСсса планирования Π±ΡŽΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Π°. Для этого Π² ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π±ΡŽΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ошибок ΠΏΠΎ критСриям Β«ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ общСства риска», Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π² Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ Π£Π»ΡŒΡ€ΠΈΡ…ΠΎΠΌ Π‘Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡ… соотвСтствиС. Π‘ΡŽΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ риск ошибки ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΡƒΡ‚ΡŒ Π² любом мСстС Π²Π½Π΅ зависимости ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ гСографичСского пространства. Π‘Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π² Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ… ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ Π³Π»ΡƒΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΎ систСматизированного, прСдставлСния ΠΎ рисках ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ сам этот риск, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ послСдствия. АдСкватноС Π΄Π΅Π½Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ восполнСниС послСдствий ΡΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠΈΠ²ΡˆΠ΅ΠΉΡΡ ошибки Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ. Π’ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° авторская классификация Π±ΡŽΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ошибок – ΠΏΠΎ стСпСни Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡˆΡ‚Π°Π±Ρƒ, ΠΏΠΎ источнику возникновСния, ΠΏΠΎ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎ силС зависимости, ΠΏΠΎ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ дСйствия, ΠΏΠΎ силС влияния Π½Π° ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚.A budget plan development is attended by the need for a big risk assessment. Alongside economic, political, and social risks there is a risk of a mistake. The latter needs to be considered as an independent attribute of the process of budget planning. For this purpose, the article gives the analysis of budgetary mistakes according to the criteria of the World Risk Society introduced by Ulrich Beck. The compliance of the criteria is proved. The budgetary risk of a mistake can arise in any place regardless of a particular geographical spot. It appears impossible to measure a risk and its consequences based on one, however well systematized, concept of risks. Nor is it possible to get the mistakes adequately recompensated. The author presents the classification of budgetary mistakes according to the extent of formalization, scale, origin, localization, dependency, time, and impact on the final result

    Structural change of gross regional product in the subjects of Ural Federal District

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    The important factor of the stability of the national economy is the adaptive capability of regional economies to damping of external and internal factors of risk. It occurs thanks to the variety of the developed industry structures of the economy in regions as well as to the constant process of their transformation that finds reflection in the structure of the gross regional product (GRP). It is possible to consider three main strategies of the development of the structure of regional economy: 1 the reduction of the economies of regions to the balanced condition; 2 the emphasis on the individualization of the structure of regional economy; 3 the combined strategy, when regions with various structure of economy are integrated into macro-regions in which there is a compilation of structure. In the latter case, this can result in both the leveling of the GRP structure of the territorial subjects of the Russian Federation included in the region and its convergence to macro-region indicators, in general (for example, to the federal district's indicators). For the confirmation of this hypothesis, the analysis of GRP of the subjects included in the Ural Federal District for the period of 2005-2014 is carried out. As a result, a number of conclusions are formulated. Thus, the measurements with the use of the Ryabtsev Index and Szalai Index have shown that the GRP structure of autonomous areas is most close to the GRP structure of the federal district. At the same time, during the analyzed period, there was a reducing in a share of mining operations along with the increase in a share of GRP types referred to the auxiliary and social component of economic activity. In the federal district, there is a slow movement to a more balanced participation of regions of the district in the generation of GRP total amount. When using the author's index of the structure determined by the double calculation of the sum of squared deviations, the tendency towards the leveling of the GRP structure of the federal district, in general, is revealed. The results of the research can be applied when carrying out different types of the analysis of dynamics and structure of socio-economic indexes.ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ-экономичСскоС Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ Π£Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ„Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³Π°. РассмотрСны ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ стратСгии управлСния процСссом формирования ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ структуры Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… экономик. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒ Π²Π°Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Π°, с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ»Π»ΡŽΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΡΠ»Π΅Π²ΡƒΡŽ структуру Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ экономики

    Decrease in Solvency of Taxpayers as a Factor of the Budgetary Risk

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    Π Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹Π΅ события, ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ влияниС Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΡΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ Π² России, ΠΏΠΎ своСй ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Ρ€ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π‘ΡŽΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Π½Π°Ρ систСма страны Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π² ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Ρ‹Π²Π΅ ΠΎΡ‚ Π½ΠΈΡ…, Π° слоТныС условия формирования Π±ΡŽΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡƒΡΡƒΠ³ΡƒΠ±Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ риском сниТСния платСТСспособности Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡ‰ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ². Π•Π³ΠΎ влияниС Π½Π° Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ΅ поступлСниС Π΄ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π»ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ расходы, ΠΌΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π±ΡŽΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ рисками – инфляции ΠΈ риском, ΡΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ финансовым ΠΈ хозяйствСнным опСрациям. Π’ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ когСрСнция этих Π±ΡŽΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… рисков, ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΡƒΠ³Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Ρ‹ для Π±ΡŽΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ систСмы. ΠŸΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ платСТСспособности Π² Π±ΡŽΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΌ аспСктС, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρƒ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ увСличСния рисков ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ исполнСния расходных Π±ΡŽΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π². ВрСбуСтся идСнтификация Ρ€ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… свойств платСТСспособности ΠΈ выявлСниС особСнности Π΅Π΅ влияния Π½Π° Π±ΡŽΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚. Для этого Π² Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ исслСдования с использованиСм ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π±ΡŽΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ риска сниТСния платСТСспособности Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡ‰ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ². Π‘Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ Π΄Π΅Π½Π΅ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… срСдств вСдущая Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡ‚ сСктору, Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΌΡƒ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π΅ΠΆΠΈ. Π›ΡŽΠ±Ρ‹Π΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ риски ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ влияниС Π½Π° Π±ΡŽΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Π΅ риски. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ сниТСниС платСТСспособности Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡ‰ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² появляСтся Π² Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π΅ Π±ΡŽΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… рисков ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π½Π° Π±ΡŽΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΡƒΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΉΡ‡ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π½Π΅. ΠžΡ€Π³Π°Π½Ρ‹ власти ΠΈ управлСния, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‚ Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… инструмСнтов управлСния Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ риском. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‹ дСйствия Π°Π³Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ компСнсации, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚: сокращСниС расходов общСствСнных финансовых Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ²; уТСсточСниС Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊ очСрСдности ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π΅ΠΆΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡ‰ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ усилСниС финансовых санкций Π·Π° нСсвоСврСмСнноС пСрСчислСниС Π΄Π΅Π½Π΅ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… срСдств Π² Π΄ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ Π±ΡŽΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Π°; ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ€Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Π·Π°Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠ° исполнСния финансовых ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π² ΠΏΠΎ исполнСнию расходов Π±ΡŽΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Π°; использованиС ΠΊΠ²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Π΅ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… инструмСнтов исполнСния ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π².The various events having impact on the modern economic situation in Russia are in their nature risk factors. The country’s budget system cannot function separated from these factors. Difficult conditions of budgets forming on various levels are aggravated with a risk of taxpayers’ solvency downside. Its influence on the rhythmical income, which allows performing the planned expenses, is multiplied by the accompanying budget risk of inflation. Besides, it is important to analyze the influence of another budget risk – the risk accompanying traditional financial and economic transactions. There is a coherence of all budget risks, causing additional threats for the budget system. The research formulated that the leading role in a circulation of a money belongs to the sector generating tax payments. Any of its risks have an impact on the budget risks. It means that the risk of taxpayers’ solvency downside appears among other budget risks due to the factors operating on the outside budget stability. The Government, as a rule, have no adequate tools to manage this risk
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