47 research outputs found
Activity of All-Russian Research Institute of Physical-Technical and Radio-Technical Measurements (VNIIFTRI) in the sphere of physicochemical measurements
This article presents the description, metrological characteristics and application of State primary standards developed at the All-Russian Research Institute of Physicol-Technical and Radio-Technical Measurements (VNIIFTRI). These include the state primary standards for pH and pX in aqueous solutions, units of the dispersed parameters of aerosols, suspensions and powdery materials, units of the mass fraction and mass (molar) concentration of inorganic components in aqueous solutions based on gravimetric and spectral methods of analysis. In addition, the article discusses R&D projects that are currently being realized at VNIIFTRI, including the production of standard-titres and buffer solutions for pH-metry, as well as working standards for assessing the activity of Na+, K+, F- , Cl- , Br- , I- , NO3- (pX) ions in aqueous media
Participation of VNIIFTRI in international comparisons in thefield of physical-chemical measurements
This paper considers the participation of FSUE «VNIIFTRI» in international comparisons: in the field of physicalchemical measurements, particularly in pH-metry and ionometry (pX); in the sphere of measuring inorganic components in various matrices. Measurement and calibration capabilities are presented – CMC lines in the BIPM database
Azimuthal and polar anchoring energies of aligning layers structured by nonlinear laser lithography
In spite of the fact that there are different techniques in the creation of
the high-quality liquid crystals (LCs) alignment by means of various surfaces,
the azimuthal and polar anchoring energies as well as the pre-tilt angle are
important parameters to all of them. Here, the modified by a certain manner
aligning layers, previously formed by nonlinear laser lithography (NLL), having
high-quality nano-periodic grooves on Ti surfaces, recently proposed for LC
alignment was studied. The change of the scanning speed of NLL in the process
of nano-structured Ti surfaces and their further modification by means of
ITO-coating, and deposition of polyimide film has enabled different aligning
layers, whose main characteristics, namely azimuthal and polar anchoring
energies, were measured. For the modified aligning layers, the dependencies of
the twist and pre-tilt angles for LC cells filled by nematic E7
({\Delta}{\epsilon} > 0) and MLC-6609 ({\Delta}{\epsilon} < 0) were obtained.
Also the contact angle for droplets of isotropic liquid (glycerol), and nematic
LCs was measured for the various values of the scanning speed during the laser
processing.Comment: 49 pages, 18 figure
Cherenkov radiation of spin waves by ultra-fast moving magnetic flux quanta
Despite theoretical predictions for a Cherenkov-type radiation of spin waves
(magnons) by various propagating magnetic perturbations, fast-enough moving
magnetic field stimuli have not been available so far. Here, we experimentally
realize the Cherenkov radiation of spin waves in a Co-Fe magnonic conduit by
fast-moving (>1 km/s) magnetic flux quanta (Abrikosov vortices) in an adjacent
Nb-C superconducting strip. The radiation is evidenced by the microwave
detection of spin waves propagating a distance of 2 micrometers from the
superconductor and it is accompanied by a magnon Shapiro step in its
current-voltage curve. The spin-wave excitation is unidirectional and
monochromatic, with sub-40 nm wavelengths determined by the period of the
vortex lattice. The phase-locking of the vortex lattice with the excited spin
wave limits the vortex velocity and reduces the dissipation in the
superconductor.Comment: 11 pages, 5 page
Moving flux quanta cool superconductors by a microwave breath
Almost any use of a superconductor implies a nonequilibrium state.
Remarkably, the non-equilibrium states induced by a microwave stimulus and the
dynamics of magnetic flux quanta (Abrikosov vortices) can give rise to
strikingly contrary effects: A sufficiently high-power electromagnetic field of
GHz frequency can stimulate superconductivity, whereas fast vortex motion can
trigger an instability abruptly quenching the superconducting state. Here, we
advance or delay such dynamical quenching of the vortex state in Nb thin films
by tuning the power and frequency of the microwave ac stimulus added to a dc
bias current. The experimental findings are supported by time-dependent
Ginzburg-Landau simulations and they can be explained qualitatively based on a
model of "breathing mobile hot spots", implying a competition of heating and
cooling of quasiparticles along the trajectories of moving fluxons whose core
sizes vary in time. In addition, we demonstrate universality of the stimulation
effect on the thermodynamic and transport properties of type II
superconductors.Comment: 11 pages. 7 figure