247 research outputs found
P04-36. HIV-1-speficic antibody dependant cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) médiated by primary NK cells
International audiencen.
An improvement of the Berry--Esseen inequality with applications to Poisson and mixed Poisson random sums
By a modification of the method that was applied in (Korolev and Shevtsova,
2009), here the inequalities
and
are proved for the
uniform distance between the standard normal distribution
function and the distribution function of the normalized sum of an
arbitrary number of independent identically distributed random
variables with zero mean, unit variance and finite third absolute moment
. The first of these inequalities sharpens the best known version of
the classical Berry--Esseen inequality since
by virtue of
the condition , and 0.4785 is the best known upper estimate of the
absolute constant in the classical Berry--Esseen inequality. The second
inequality is applied to lowering the upper estimate of the absolute constant
in the analog of the Berry--Esseen inequality for Poisson random sums to 0.3051
which is strictly less than the least possible value of the absolute constant
in the classical Berry--Esseen inequality. As a corollary, the estimates of the
rate of convergence in limit theorems for compound mixed Poisson distributions
are refined.Comment: 33 page
Cracking in asphalt materials
This chapter provides a comprehensive review of both laboratory characterization and modelling of bulk material fracture in asphalt mixtures. For the purpose of organization, this chapter is divided into a section on laboratory tests and a section on models. The laboratory characterization section is further subdivided on the basis of predominant loading conditions (monotonic vs. cyclic). The section on constitutive models is subdivided into two sections, the first one containing fracture mechanics based models for crack initiation and propagation that do not include material degradation due to cyclic loading conditions. The second section discusses phenomenological models that have been developed for crack growth through the use of dissipated energy and damage accumulation concepts. These latter models have the capability to simulate degradation of material capacity upon exceeding a threshold number of loading cycles.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft
Chimpanzee reservoirs of pandemic and nonpandemic HIV-1
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the cause of human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS), is a zoonotic infection of staggering proportions and social impact. Yet uncertainty persists regarding its natural reservoir. The virus most closely related to HIV-1 is a simian immunodeficiency virus ( SIV) thus far identified only in captive members of the chimpanzee subspecies Pan troglodytes troglodytes. Here we report the detection of SIVcpz antibodies and nucleic acids in fecal samples from wild-living P.t. troglodytes apes in southern Cameroon, where prevalence rates in some communities reached 29 to 35%. By sequence analysis of endemic SIVcpz strains, we could trace the origins of pandemic ( group M) and nonpandemic ( group N) HIV-1 to distinct, geographically isolated chimpanzee communities. These findings establish P. t. troglodytes as a natural reservoir of HIV-1
On the use of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy to determine the fractional abundances of carbon ions in the laser plasma plume
EUSEDcollab: a network of data from European catchments to monitor net soil erosion by water
As a network of researchers we release an open-access database (EUSEDcollab) of water discharge and suspended sediment yield time series records collected in small to medium sized catchments in Europe. EUSEDcollab is compiled to overcome the scarcity of open-access data at relevant spatial scales for studies on runoff, soil loss by water erosion and sediment delivery. Multi-source measurement data from numerous researchers and institutions were harmonised into a common time series and metadata structure. Data reuse is facilitated through accompanying metadata descriptors providing background technical information for each monitoring station setup. Across ten European countries, EUSEDcollab covers over 1600 catchment years of data from 245 catchments at event (11 catchments), daily (22 catchments) and monthly (212 catchments) temporal resolution, and is unique in its focus on small to medium catchment drainage areas (median = 43 km(2), min = 0.04 km(2), max = 817 km(2)) with applicability for soil erosion research. We release this database with the aim of uniting people, knowledge and data through the European Union Soil Observatory (EUSO)
Prevalence, genetic diversity and antiretroviral drugs resistance-associated mutations among untreated HIV-1-infected pregnant women in Gabon, central Africa
BACKGROUND: In Africa, the wide genetic diversity of HIV has resulted in
emergence of new strains, rapid spread of this virus in sub-Saharan populations
and therefore spread of the HIV epidemic throughout the continent.
METHODS: To determine the prevalence of antibodies to HIV among a high-risk
population in Gabon, 1098 and 2916 samples were collected from pregnant women in
2005 and 2008, respectively. HIV genotypes were evaluated in 107 HIV-1-positive
samples to determine the circulating subtypes of strains and their resistance to
antiretroviral drugs (ARVs).
RESULTS: The seroprevalences were 6.3% in 2005 and 6.0% in 2008. The main subtype
was recombinant CRF02_AG (46.7%), followed by the subtypes A (19.6%), G (10.3%),
F (4.7%), H (1.9%) and D (0.9%) and the complex recombinants CRF06_cpx (1.9%) and
CRF11_cpx (1.9%); 12.1% of subtypes could not be characterized. Analysis of ARVs
resistance to the protease and reverse transcriptase coding regions showed
mutations associated with extensive subtype polymorphism. In the present study,
the HIV strains showed reduced susceptibility to ARVs (2.8%), particularly to
protease inhibitors (1.9%) and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
(0.9%).
CONCLUSIONS: The evolving genetic diversity of HIV calls for continuous
monitoring of its molecular epidemiology in Gabon and in other central African
countries
Hepatitis C virus prevalence and genetic diversity among pregnant women in Gabon, central Africa
‘I know it has worked for millions of years’: the role of the ‘natural’ in parental reasoning against child immunization in a qualitative study in Switzerland
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