Italian association of clinical endocrinologists (AME) position statement: drug therapy of osteoporosis

Treatment of osteoporosis is aimed to prevent fragility fractures and to stabilize or increase bone mineral density. Several drugs with different efficacy and safety profiles are available. The long-term therapeutic strategy should be planned, and the initial treatment should be selected according to the individual site-specific fracture risk and the need to give the maximal protection when the fracture risk is highest (i.e. in the late life). The present consensus focused on the strategies for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis taking into consideration all the drugs available for this purpose. A short revision of the literature about treatment of secondary osteoporosis due both to androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer and to aromatase inhibitors for breast cancer was also performed. Also premenopausal females and males with osteoporosis are frequently seen in endocrine settings. Finally particular attention was paid to the tailoring of treatment as well as to its duration

Examining Ecological Constraints on the Intergenerational Transmission of Attachment Via Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis

Parents\u2019 attachment representations and child\u2013parent attachment have been shown to be associated, but these associations vary across populations (Verhage et al., 2016). The current study examined whether ecological factors may explain variability in the strength of intergenerational transmission of attachment, using individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis. Analyses on 4,396 parent\u2013child dyads (58 studies, child age 11\u201396 months) revealed a combined effect size of r =.29. IPD meta-analyses revealed that effect sizes for the transmission of autonomous-secure representations to secure attachments were weaker under risk conditions and weaker in adolescent parent\u2013child dyads, whereas transmission was stronger for older children. Findings support the ecological constraints hypothesis on attachment transmission. Implications for attachment theory and the use of IPD meta-analysis are discusse

Growing up at the daycare center during the pandemic

Thee pandemic emergency was managed by daycare centers through interpersonal distancing, the use of masks and the use of “bubbles”. e stress of caregivers, associated with the limitations of peer relationships and activities, can contribute to the weakening of children’s self-regulation abilities, both on an emotional and cognitive level (Di Giorgio et al., 2021). Outdoor activities, in addition to providing safe proximity, reduce stress levels and promote social-emotional and cognitive functioning (Monti et al., 2019). This study aims to test whether the daily experience of OA reduces children’s and caregivers’ stress, and promotes emotional, attentional, and behavioral regulatory skills. A total of 125 children (age M=23.8) participated in the study, divided in outdoor education group (N =73) and comparison group (N=52). OE was monitored through observational data (D’Odorico, 1990). Results highlight that after the 4-months intervention of OE activities, attention, and two indicators of adaptive functioning (i.e., communication and social behavior) increased only among the OE group. Children’s and teachers’ stress remained stable. These findings show that OE might have a short-term positive impact on cognitive and social but not emotional regulation

Forme di adozione, adattamento psicosociale e ri-strutturazione dei legami di adattamento

Lo studio presentato si propone di comparare due gruppi di adolescenti adottati rispetto alla sicurezza dell’attaccamento e all’adattamento psicosociale. Il primo gruppo di adolescenti (n = 25) è stato adottato secondo la forma legittimante; il secondo (n = 25), invece, secondo una nuova forma di adozione, definita “mite” che, diversamente da quella legittimante, preserva i contatti del minore adottato con la famiglia di origine. I due gruppi sono stati, inoltre, confrontati rispetto a campioni metanalitici di adolescenti clinici e non clinici. La sicurezza dell’attaccamento è stata valutata mediante l’Intervista sull’Attaccamento nella Latenza (ial), mentre l’adattamento psicosociale attraverso le scale Child Behavior Check List (cbcl). I risultati evidenziano un maggior rischio di attaccamento insicuro e livelli più bassi di adattamento psicosociale nel gruppo di adolescenti adottati con la formula mite. Tali risultati possono essere spiegati a partire dalle caratteristiche delle due forme di adozione esaminate, così come in relazione ai percorsi evolutivi dei ragazzi.This study aims to compare two groups of 25 adopted adolescents (open vs. closed adoption) with respect to attachment security and psychosocial adjustment. Moreover the two groups were compared with meta-analytical data referred to non-clinical and clinical adolescent samples. The Attachment Interview for Childhood ad Adolescents (aica ) and the Child Behavior Check List (cbcl ) were used to assess, respectively, attachment security and psychosocial adjustment. Results showed an higher risk of insecure attachment and a lower level of psychosocial adjustment in open adopted adolescents. These outcomes can be attributed to both characteristics of open and closed adoption and individual preadoptive histories