10,248 research outputs found
Copyright Law, Music, and Creativity
Copyright law is struggling to properly and accurately judge modern music. While technological advances in the last 50-years have greatly contributed to the difficulty of the law’s task, the real culprit behind the issue is an outdated conceptualization of the creative process and creativity as a whole. After examining the historical and cultural context surrounding the formation of copyright law, it becomes clear that the intra-psychic model of creativity was and is the model being used. The use of this model has led to an over-emphasis on author-centric and formalistic approaches when dealing with infringement cases in music, and both artists and society are suffering because of this. However, experts in psychology have left behind the intra-psychic model in favor of the much more comprehensive systems model. The systems model incorporates concepts like cultural and social influences on the creative mind in order to present a more accurate view of the creative process. The systems model, or some other more accurate conception of creativity, could help the law establish methods for dealing with infringement that support copyright law’s most important goal; protecting innovation in the arts
Transport in Transitory, Three-Dimensional, Liouville Flows
We derive an action-flux formula to compute the volumes of lobes quantifying
transport between past- and future-invariant Lagrangian coherent structures of
n-dimensional, transitory, globally Liouville flows. A transitory system is one
that is nonautonomous only on a compact time interval. This method requires
relatively little Lagrangian information about the codimension-one surfaces
bounding the lobes, relying only on the generalized actions of loops on the
lobe boundaries. These are easily computed since the vector fields are
autonomous before and after the time-dependent transition. Two examples in
three-dimensions are studied: a transitory ABC flow and a model of a
microdroplet moving through a microfluidic channel mixer. In both cases the
action-flux computations of transport are compared to those obtained using
Monte Carlo methods.Comment: 30 pages, 16 figures, 1 table, submitted to SIAM J. Appl. Dyn. Sy
Facilitating retail customers’ use of AI-based virtual assistants: A meta-analysis
Retailers rely on virtual assistants (VAs), such as Amazon's Alexa and chatbots, to deliver 24/7 customer service at low costs, as well as novel shopping opportunities. Despite improved VA capabilities due to artificial intelligence (AI), many retailers still struggle to convince customers to become repeat users of VAs. Therefore, to establish recommendations for how to facilitate VA use, this meta-analysis extracts 2,766 correlations from 244 independent samples of customers interacting with VAs. The results suggest that customer-, VA-, and shopping occasion–related factors all influence technology use. Price value is the strongest driver, followed by support, social influence, and anthropomorphism. Performance risk, competence, and trust matter to lesser extents. These factors exert strong indirect effects by triggering two customer responses: cognitive and emotional. Negative emotions emerge as a particularly important mediator. Finally, several VA types enhance or weaken the noted effects, including whether they are intelligent/less intelligent, commercial/noncommercial, voice-/text-based, and avatar-/non-avatar-based. The results suggest no one-size-fits-all approach applies for VAs, because their performance varies across customer responses. The current meta-analysis provides in-depth guidance for retailers seeking to select appealing VAs
On the exactness of the Semi-Classical Approximation for Non-Relativistic One Dimensional Propagators
For one dimensional non-relativistic quantum mechanical problems, we
investigate the conditions for all the position dependence of the propagator to
be in its phase, that is, the semi-classical approximation to be exact. For
velocity independent potentials we find that:
(i) the potential must be quadratic in space, but can have arbitrary time
dependence.
(ii) the phase may be made proportional to the classical action, and the
magnitude (``fluctuation factor'') can also be found from the classical
solution.
(iii) for the driven harmonic oscillator the fluctuation factor is
independent of the driving term.Comment: 7 pages, latex, no figures, published in journal of physics
Synthesis, Structure and Properties of Tetragonal Sr2M3As2O2 (M3 = Mn3, Mn2Cu and MnZn2) Compounds Containing Alternating CuO2-Type and FeAs-Type Layers
Polycrystalline samples of Sr2Mn2CuAs2O2, Sr2Mn3As2O2, and Sr2Zn2MnAs2O2 were
synthesized. Their temperature- and applied magnetic field-dependent
structural, transport, thermal, and magnetic properties were characterized by
means of x-ray and neutron diffraction, electrical resistivity rho, heat
capacity, magnetization and magnetic susceptibility measurements. These
compounds have a body-centered-tetragonal crystal structure (space group
I4/mmm) that consists of MO2 (M = Zn and/or Mn) oxide layers similar to the
CuO2 layers in high superconducting transition temperature Tc cuprate
superconductors, and intermetallic MAs (M = Cu and/or Mn) layers similar to the
FeAs layers in high-Tc pnictides. These two types of layers alternate along the
crystallographic c-axis and are separated by Sr atoms. The site occupancies of
Mn, Cu and Zn were studied using Rietveld refinements of x-ray and neutron
powder diffraction data. The temperature dependences of rho suggest metallic
character for Sr2Mn2CuAs2O2 and semiconducting character for Sr2Mn3As2O2 and
Sr2Zn2MnAs2O2. Sr2Mn2CuAs2O2 is inferred to be a ferrimagnet with a Curie
temperature TC = 95(1) K. Remarkably, we find that the magnetic ground state
structure changes from a G-type antiferromagnetic structure in Sr2Mn3As2O2 to
an A-type ferrimagnetic structure in Sr2Mn2CuAs2O2 in which the Mn ions in each
layer are ferromagnetically aligned, but are antiferromagnetically aligned
between layers.Comment: 18 pages, 16 figures, 6 tables; submitted to Phys. Rev.
Polarization-Current-Based FDTD Near-to-Far-Field Transformation
A new near-to-far-field transformation algorithm for three-dimensional
finite-different time-domain is presented in this article. This new approach is
based directly on the polarization current of the scatterer, not the scattered
near fields. It therefore eliminates the numerical errors originating from the
spatial offset of the E and H fields, inherent in the standard
near-to-far-field transformation. The proposed method is validated via direct
comparisons with the analytical Lorentz-Mie solutions of plane waves scattered
by large dielectric and metallic spheres with strong forward-scattering lobes.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures. Submitted to publis
Understanding Anthropomorphism in Service Provision: A Meta-Analysis of Physical Robots, Chatbots, and other AI
An increasing number of firms introduce service robots, such as physical robots and virtual chatbots, to provide services to customers. While some firms use robots that resemble human beings by looking and acting humanlike to increase customers’ use intention of this technology, others employ machinelike robots to avoid uncanny valley effects, assuming that very humanlike robots may induce feelings of eeriness. There is no consensus in the service literature regarding whether customers’ anthropomorphism of robots facilitates or constrains their use intention. The present meta-analysis synthesizes data from 11,053 individuals interacting with service robots reported in 108 independent samples. The study synthesizes previous research to clarify this issue and enhance understanding of the construct. We develop a comprehensive model to investigate relationships between anthropomorphism and its antecedents and consequences. Customer traits and predispositions (e.g., computer anxiety), sociodemographics (e.g., gender), and robot design features (e.g., physical, nonphysical) are identified as triggers of anthropomorphism. Robot characteristics (e.g., intelligence) and functional characteristics (e.g., usefulness) are identified as important mediators, although relational characteristics (e.g., rapport) receive less support as mediators. The findings clarify contextual circumstances in which anthropomorphism impacts customer intention to use a robot. The moderator analysis indicates that the impact depends on robot type (i.e., robot gender) and service type (i.e., possession-processing service, mental stimulus-processing service). Based on these findings, we develop a comprehensive agenda for future research on service robots in marketing
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