Endovascular treatments for ischemic stroke: Present status and prospects

Endovascular treatments for ischemic stroke (IS) are coming into clinical practice and, as shown by recent investigations, have good prospects. These treatments for IS make it possible to expand indications for revascularization and to create prerequisite for improving the outcomes of treatment.Interventional treatments for IS should not be set off against intravenous thrombolytic therapy (ITT); it is necessary to seek their reasonable sharing. The promising directions in the development of ITT and endovascular revascularization (EVR) for IS are to upgrade tools and to choose the safest and most effective constructions, as well as to identify target patient groups needing these treatment options based on the prediction of the efficacy of these techniques with consideration for clinical findings, the pattern of a lesion, and radiological data (including estimates of perfusion, ischemic core-penumbra relationships, and collateral blood supply intensity).The paper discusses the present status and prospects of EVR of cerebrovascular arteries, its indications, and basic procedures

Influence of drying and pretreatment methods on certain parameters of yellow mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor)

Nowadays alternative protein sources like edible insects are becoming widely used as human food. One of the most popular insect is yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) due to its high nutrition value. However, pretreatment and drying are necessary to increase the food shelf life and the efficiency of its use. Due to this, the purpose of the present work was the determination of influence of pretreatment methods (freezing of larvae for 1 month, freezing for 2 hours, freezing for 1 month followed by defrosting for 2 hours at room temperature, blanching) and drying methods (convection drying at 40 °C and 60 °C, microwave drying) of yellow mealworm on its color (determination of L*, а*, b*, ΔElab, Ch, H, BI), moisture content (gravimetric method), fatty acid composition (determined by gas chromatography with mass spectroscopy) and time of drying (time required to reach constant weight). It was found that all used pretreatment and drying methods had no effect on the fatty acid composition of the larvae. In terms of drying rate and color retention, microwave drying showed better results than convection drying at 40 °C and 60 °C. Meanwhile, convection drying at 40 °C leads to the higher final moisture content of the samples. Among the pretreatment methods, only blanching the larvae samples before drying retained their color better and also accelerated the rate of the convection drying

THE INHIBITORS OF PROTEIN PHOSPHOTYROSINE PHOSPHATASE 1B, 6-HALOGENATED DERIVATIVES OF 4-OXO-1,4-DIHYDROCINNOLINE, AFFECT THE BODY WEIGHT, FOOD INTAKE AND HORMONAL PARAMETERS IN RATS

This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project No 19-73-00228). The work was also performed by equipment of SPbU Research Park: RC MRR, RC XRD, RC CAMR

ДИАГНОСТИКА АНТИФОСФОЛИПИДНОГО СИНДРОМА У ЛИЦ С КЛИНИЧЕСКИМИ КРИТЕРИЯМИ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ. ОПЫТ ОТДЕЛЬНОГО АМБУЛАТОРНОГО ЦЕНТРА

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an immune-mediated violation of coagulation, the diagnosis of which requires mandatory laboratory confirmation. Since the clinical manifestations of APS are extremely diverse, various specialists are involved in the diagnostic process – neurology, cardiologists, surgeons, hematologists, endocrinologists, laboratory medicine specialists, etc. So far, it remains an open question what specialist exactly should make the final diagnosis and supervise patient with APS. The experience of a separate diagnostic center shows the distribution of prescriptions and their compliance with the international recommendations. This study also provides data on the frequency of prescribing laboratory tests to confirm APS, which is 1.2% of all coagulation tests. Among the patients with suspected APS on the basis of clinical signs, only 12.2% of the diagnosis was confirmed. Presents the dangers of obtaining false-positive results that should be taken into account when prescribing laboratory tests.Антифосфолипидный синдром (АФС) – это иммуноопосредованное нарушение коагуляции, диагностика которого требует обязательного лабораторного подтверждения. Поскольку клинические проявления АФС крайне разнообразны, в процесс диагностики вовлекаются различные специалисты – неврологии, кардиологи, хирурги, гематологи, эндокринологи, врачи клинической лабораторной диагностики и др. До настоящего времени остается открытым вопрос, кто именно должен ставить окончательный диагноз и курировать пациента с АФС. Опыт отдельного диагностического центра показывает распределение назначений и их соответствие рекомендациям при участии в этом процессе врачей разных специальностей. В нашем исследовании представлены также данные о частоте назначения лабораторных тестов для подтверждения АФС, которая составляет 1,2% от всех коагуляционных тестов. Среди пациентов с подозрением на АФС на основании клинических признаков только у 12,2% был подтвержден диагноз. Представлены опасности получения ложноположительных результатов, которые должны быть учтены при назначении лабораторных исследований

Результаты специализированного амбулаторного наблюдения за пациентами с эмболическим инсультом и неуточненным источником эмболии

Background. The article considers with the current problem of cryptogenic stroke and embolic stroke of undetermined source.The objective was to analyzed the results of follow-up of patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source in a specialized outpatient center.Methods and materials. The data of 169 patients who completed a two-year follow-up period with embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) and cardioembolic stroke were analyzed.Results. We presented comparative results on the structure of incidence rate, age differences, comorbid pathology, as well as on the frequency of repeated cardiovascular events in groups with cardioembolic stroke and embolic stroke of undetermined source.Conclusions. Patients with ESUS are an extremely difficult category of patients for diagnostic search, for whom the actual task is to develop an examination algorithm for the earliest possible detection of the cause of stroke and to determine the optimal methods of secondary prevention.Введение. Рассмотрена актуальная проблема криптогенного инсульта и эмболического инсульта с неуточненным источником эмболии.Цель исследования — анализ результатов наблюдения за пациентами с эмболическим инсультом с неуточненным источником эмболии в условиях специализированного амбулаторного центра.Методы и материалы. Проанализированы данные 169 больных, завершивших период двухлетнего наблюдения с эмболическим инсультом с неуточненным источником эмболии (ESUS) и кардиоэмболическим инсультом.Результаты. Представлены сравнительные результаты о структуре заболеваемости, возрастных отличиях, ко-морбидной патологии, а также о частоте повторных сердечно-сосудистых событий в группах с кардиоэмболическим инсультом и эмболическим инсультом с неуточненным источником эмболии.Заключение. Пациенты с ESUS — крайне сложная категория больных для диагностического поиска, для которых актуальной задачей является разработка алгоритма обследования для максимально раннего выявления причины инсульта и определения оптимальных методов вторичной профилактики

АНТИАГРЕГАНТНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ В ПРОФИЛАКТИКЕ НАРУШЕНИЙ МОЗГОВОГО КРОВООБРАЩЕНИЯ

Currently the problem of preventing cerebrovascular disorders, in which antiplatelet therapy takes one of the leading places, remains relevant. The efficiency of the therapy depends on a large number of modifiable and non-modifiable factors. There are many methods to assess the severity of the response to antiplatelet therapy, but there is no common approach to the assessment of the results and their prognostic significance. Further studies of this issue are essential with the aim of individualization of antiplatelet therapy thereby increasing its efficiency and safety.В настоящее время сохраняется проблема профилактики нарушений мозгового кровообращения, в которой антиагрегант­ ная терапия занимает одно из ведущих мест. Эффективность данной терапии зависит от большого числа модифицируемых и не модифицируемых факторов. Существует множество методов оценки ответа на антиагрегантную терапию, но нет единого подхода к оценке получаемых результатов и их прогностической значимости. Необходимы дальнейшие исследования данного вопроса с целью индивидуализации антиагрегантной терапии и, тем самым, повышения ее эффективности и безопасности

DETERMINATION OF MELDONIUM, γ-BUTYROBETAINE, AND CARNITINE IN BLOOD PLASMA BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH MASS-SELECTIVE DETECTION

A procedure for simultaneous quantitative determination of meldonium, L-carnitine, and γ-butyrobetaine in blood plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with mass-selective detection and the isotopically labeled d9L-carnitine as internal standard is proposed. An algorithm for constructing calibration plots for the quantitation of biogenic plasma components (L-carnitine, and γ-butyrobetaine) is developed. The procedure is validated for the concentration range from 0,05 to 20 µg/cm3 and applied in a pharmacometabolomic study of blood plasma on protracted administration of meldonium as a monopreparation and as a complex with L-carnitine

Palladium(II)-Stabilized Pyridine-2-Diazotates: Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Cytotoxicity Studies

Well-defined diazotates are scarce. Here we report the synthesis of unprecedented homoleptic palladium(II) diazotate complexes. The palladium(II)-mediated nitrosylation of 2-aminopyridines with NaNO2 results in the formation of metal-stabilized diazotates, which were found to be cytotoxic to human ovarian cancer cells

The Effects of Separate and Combined Treatment of Male Rats with Type 2 Diabetes with Metformin and Orthosteric and Allosteric Agonists of Luteinizing Hormone Receptor on Steroidogenesis and Spermatogenesis

In men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis are impaired. Metformin and the agonists of luteinizing hormone/human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG)-receptor (LH/hCG-R) (hCG, low-molecular-weight allosteric LH/hCG-R-agonists) can be used to restore them. The aim was to study effectiveness of separate and combined administration of metformin, hCG and 5-amino-N-tert-butyl-2-(methylsulfanyl)-4-(3-(nicotinamido)phenyl)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide (TP3) on steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis in male rats with T2DM. hCG (15 IU/rat/day) and TP3 (15 mg/kg/day) were injected in the last five days of five-week metformin treatment (120 mg/kg/day). Metformin improved testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis and restored LH/hCG-R-expression. Compared to control, in T2DM, hCG stimulated steroidogenesis and StAR-gene expression less effectively and, after five-day administration, reduced LH/hCG-R-expression, while TP3 effects changed weaker. In co-administration of metformin and LH/hCG-R-agonists, on the first day, stimulating effects of LH/hCG-R-agonists on testosterone levels and hCG-stimulated expression of StAR- and CYP17A1-genes were increased, but on the 3–5th day, they disappeared. This was due to reduced LH/hCG-R-gene expression and increased aromatase-catalyzed estradiol production. With co-administration, LH/hCG-R-agonists did not contribute to improving spermatogenesis, induced by metformin. Thus, in T2DM, metformin and LH/hCG-R-agonists restore steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis, with metformin being more effective in restoring spermatogenesis, and their co-administration improves LH/hCG-R-agonist-stimulating testicular steroidogenesis in acute but not chronic administration