Determination of technological parameters for continiuous casting of a hollow pipe billet

This article presents a method for calculating the speed of a hollow steel billet continuous casting for the seamless hot-rolled pipes production. As the initial data, used the values of the technological parameters of a round pipe billet production at the Pavlodar branch of LLP “KSP Steel” and physical modeling data of a hollow aluminum billet continuous casting at the laboratory facility of Toraighyrov University. The recalculation of the modeling results into the actual volumes of industrial production was carried out according to the condition of the similarity criterion of Fourier numbers. The casting speed of a steel hollow billet are determined, the increase of which, compared with a solid billet, amounted to 16 %

The Reduction of Boron By Silicothermal Method

Thermodynamic modeling (TM) of the boron reduction process from the CaO–SiO2– MgO–B2O3 oxide system by silicon of ferrosilicon of FeSi65 and FeSi75 grades has been carried out. TM is made using the HSC 6.12 Chemistry software package developed by Outokumpu Research Oy (Finland). The equilibrium composition of oxide CaO-SiO2-MgO-B2O3 and metallic Si-Al-Fe systems was determined using the Equilibrium Compositions module in a given temperature range of 1400–1700∘C and a gas phase pressure of 1 atm. The effect of silicon of ferrosilicon grades (FeSi65 and FeSi75) on the degree of boron reduction (

RESULTS FOR THE B-MESON DECAY CONSTANT FROM THE APE COLLABORATION

The decay constant for the B-meson in the static limit is calculated using the Wilson and clover actions at various lattice spacings. We show that both the contamination of our results by excited states and the effects finite lattice spacing are at most the order of the statistical uncertainties. A comparison is made of our results and those obtained in other studies. Values for $f^{stat}_{B_S}/f^{stat}_B$ and $M_{B_S} - M_B$ are also given.Comment: Contribution to Lattice'94, 3 pages PostScript, uuencoded compresse

Dormant non-culturable Mycobacterium tuberculosis retains stable low-abundant mRNA

BACKGROUND: Dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli are believed to play an important role in latent tuberculosis infection. Previously, we have demonstrated that cultivation of M. tuberculosis in K(+)-deficient medium resulted in generation of dormant cells. These bacilli were non-culturable on solid media (a key feature of dormant M. tuberculosis in vivo) and characterized by low metabolism and tolerance to anti-tuberculosis drugs. The dormant bacteria demonstrated a high potential to reactivation after K(+) reintroduction even after prolonged persistence under rifampicin. In this work, we studied the transcriptome and stability of transcripts in persisting dormant bacilli under arrest of mRNA de novo synthesis. RESULTS: RNA-seq-based analysis of the dormant non-culturable population obtained under rifampicin exposure revealed a 30–50-fold decrease of the total mRNA level, indicating global transcriptional repression. However, the analysis of persisting transcripts displayed a cohort of mRNA molecules coding for biosynthetic enzymes, proteins involved in adaptation and repair processes, detoxification, and control of transcription initiation. This ‘dormant transcriptome’ demonstrated considerable stability during M. tuberculosis persistence and mRNA de novo synthesis arrest. On the contrary, several small non-coding RNAs showed increased abundance on dormancy. Interestingly, M. tuberculosis entry into dormancy was accompanied by the cleavage of 23S ribosomal RNA at a specific point located outside the ribosome catalytic center. CONCLUSIONS: Dormant non-culturable M. tuberculosis bacilli are characterized by a global transcriptional repression. At the same time, the dormant bacilli retain low-abundant mRNAs, which are considerably stable during in vitro persistence, reflecting their readiness for translation upon early resuscitation steps. Increased abundance of non-coding RNAs on dormancy may indicate their role in the entry into and maintenance of M. tuberculosis dormant non-culturable state. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-2197-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Challenges and prospects for developing genetic resistance in common wheat against stem rust in Western Siberia

Current studies on bread wheat resistance to stem rust have two main subjects: complex analysis for resistance of bread wheat germplasm using molecular markers, field screening and laboratory tests against samples of different fungal populations, and searching for sources and donors of new genes and gene loci, including cultivated and wild relatives of wheat. To achieve adequate genetic control of the disease, an integral approach is important, incorporating both data on sources of resistance and relevant information on pathogenic populations existing in the region, their race composition and dynamics of virulence genes. The analysis of experimental data on field screening of bread wheat varieties from the CIMMYT nursery germplasm for stem rust resistance in the Omsk and Novosibirsk regions, together with laboratory testing of infection samples on the international set of wheat differential lines, suggests that a separate “Asian” population of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici exists in Western Siberia and the Altai Territory. Wheat resistance genes Sr2, Sr6Ai#2, Sr24, Sr25, Sr26, Sr31, Sr39, Sr40, Sr44, and Sr57 are of practical interest for advanced wheat breeding programs for stem rust immunity in Western Siberia. This review provides an analysis of the gene sources that remain effective against the West Siberian population of P. graminis, in order to facilitate the initial stage of selection of breeding material to develop a stable genotype by gene pyramiding. The basic requirements for conducting a phytopathological test of breeding material are presented. A list of molecular markers for the mentioned resistance genes, both widely used in marker-assisted selection and requiring verification, has been compiled

Prevalence of Anaplasma species and habitat suitability for ticks in Sicily

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Starch metabolism in potato <i>Solanum tuberosum</i> L.

Starch is a major storage carbohydrate in plants. It is an important source of calories in the human and animal diet. Also, it is widely used in various industries. Native starch consists of water-insoluble semicrystalline granules formed by natural glucose polymers amylose and amylopectin. The physicochemical properties of starch are determined by the amylose:amylopectin ratio in the granule and degrees of their polymerization and phosphorylation. Potato Solanum tuberosum L. is one of the main starch-producing crops. Growing industrial needs necessitate the breeding of plant varieties with increased starch content and specified starch properties. This task demands detailed information on starch metabolism in the producing plant. It is a complex process, requiring the orchestrated work of many enzymes, transporter and targeting proteins, transcription factors, and other regulators. Two types of starch are recognized with regard to their biological functions. Transitory starch is synthesized in chloroplasts of photosynthetic organs and degraded in the absence of light, providing carbohydrates for cell needs. Storage starch is synthesized and stored in amyloplasts of storage organs: grains and tubers. The main enzymatic reactions of starch biosynthesis and degradation, as well as carbohydrate transport and metabolism, are well known in the case of transitory starch of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Less is known about features of starch metabolism in storage organs, in particular, potato tubers. Several issues remain obscure: the roles of enzyme isoforms and different regulatory factors in tissues at various plant developmental stages and under different environmental conditions; alternative enzymatic processes; targeting and transport proteins. In this review, the key enzymatic reactions of plant carbohydrate metabolism, transitory and storage starch biosynthesis, and starch degradation are discussed, and features specific for potato are outlined. Attention is also paid to the known regulatory factors affecting starch metabolism