Фитопатологическая ситуация в посевах сортов яровой пшеницы в Беларуси

Monitoring of phytopathological situation in crops is the basis for biological justification of the need for protective measures, allowing to obtain a yield close to the potentially possible. The results of phytopathological situation monitoring in crops of spring wheat varieties are presented in the paper. Studies were carried out in 2019–2021 in the laboratory of phytopathology and in the experimental field of the Institute of Plant Protection. Standard methods in phytopathology were used during the work. The main criteria for assessing the degree of plant infestation were disease development (%) and area under disease process curve (AUDPC, in conditional units). Analysis of phytopathological state of spring wheat crops showed that during the growing season the crop varieties were affected by diseases of vegetative and generative organs: root and byroot rots, powdery mildew, leaf and ear septoriosis, pyrenophorosis, brown rust, and fusariosis of ear. Root rot, leaf spot disease, septoriosis, and spikelet fusariosis are among the dominant diseases annually present in spring wheat crops. Variety differences in disease incidence are a factor influencing the emerging phytopathological situation in the crop. Cultivation of resistant varieties reduces the risk of epiphytotics. According to the sum of infectious loads experienced by the plants during the whole period of vegetation, the evaluated varieties of spring wheat were ranked in ascending order: Lyubava (60,5 %), Slavyanka (61,9 %), Sudarynya (66,9 %), Laska (71,3 %), and Darya (83,9 %). The results of the studies allow to give preference to the most interesting varieties, based on the available opportunities to ensure the proper level of protection against diseases.Мониторинг фитопатологической ситуации в посевах является основой для биологического обоснования необходимости проведения защитных мероприятий, позволяющих получить урожайность, приближенную к потенциально возможной. Представлены результаты мониторинга фитопатологической ситуации в посевах сортов яровой пшеницы. Исследования выполнены в 2019–2021 гг. в лаборатории фитопатологии и на опытном поле РУП «Институт защиты растений». В работе были использованы стандартные в фитопатологии методики. Основными критериями оценки степени поражения растений служили развитие болезни (%) и площадь под кривой развития болезни (ПКРБ, усл. ед.). Анализ фитопатологического состояния посевов яровой пшеницы показал, что на протяжении периода вегетации сорта культуры подвержены поражению болезнями вегетативных и генеративных органов: корневой и прикорневой гнилями, мучнистой росой, септориозом листьев и колоса, пиренофорозом, бурой ржавчиной, фузариозом колоса. К числу доминирующих болезней, ежегодно присутствующих в посевах яровой пшеницы, относятся: корневая гниль, пятнистости листьев, септориоз и фузариоз колоса. Отличия сортов по поражаемости болезнями являются фактором, влияющим на складывающуюся фитопатологическую ситуацию в посеве. Возделывание устойчивых сортов уменьшает риск возникновения эпифитотий. По сумме инфекционной нагрузки, которую испытывают растения на протяжении всего периода вегетации, оцениваемые сорта яровой пшеницы ранжированы в порядке возрастания: Любава (60,5 %), Славянка (61,9 %), Сударыня (66,9 %), Ласка (71,3 %), Дарья (83,9 %). Результаты проведенных исследований позволяют отдавать предпочтение наиболее интересным сортам, исходя из имеющихся возможностей по обеспечению должного уровня защиты от болезней.

Analytical Tools for the Diagnostics and the Formation of a Management Team as an Element of the Organization Development Technique

The purpose of the current research is to work out the tools for the diagnostics and the formation of a management team as the subject of organization development within the developed by the authors complicated cyclical technique of adjusting the condition of the external environment to the potential of the controlled object, the elements of the controlled subject and the life cycle stages of the organization. The following analytical methods are used in the research: points and marks method, expert method, target method, commission and conference method, business games, comparison method, test questions, questionnaire, suggestion box, method of active sociological tested analysis and control. The authors demonstrate and justify the necessity of expertise, knowledge and skills for the management team, which in turn should correspond to such types as “enthusiasts” (infancy), “achievers” (growth), “defenders” (maturity), “bureaucrats” (decline) at different life cycle stages of the organization. The tools suggested by the authors are intended to be used at large industrial enterprises. The results obtained by the authors can be taken as the basis for further both theoretical and applied research in the field of analysis of management system of modern economic entities

Interdisciplinary approach to intercultural communication studies

The article is devoted to an actual problem of different approaches to learning and teaching intercultural communication. The authors try to draw attention of teachers and scholars to interdisciplinary and synergetic approaches to this branch of humanitarian knowledge

Active control of hypersonic shock layer disturbances

This is a brief review of the investigations of receptivity and control of hypersonic shock layers. The present paper describes comprehensive numerical and experimental investigations of evolution of disturbances generated in the hypersonic viscous shock layer (VSL) on a flat plate by external acoustic waves and by perturbations introduced into the shock layer from the surface of model. The active control of intensity of pulsations is possible because both external acoustic waves and the periodic controlled disturbances introduced on the plate surface generate, in a shock layer, entropy-vorticity disturbances with identical spatial distributions and phase velocities

"The world of Shakespeare" in the Stroganovs' book collection: literary and graphic works

The Stroganovs’ personal library as an organic whole unit is housed in the Scientific Library at Tomsk State University and contains some Shakespeare’s literary works in English which are accompanied by numerous graphic illustrations to his tragedies, comedies and historical chronicles. This part of the personal multilingual book collection is analyzed in the present article in terms of the intermedia studies approach which allows to reveal how “the cult of Shakespeare” was being constructed in the British literature of the XVIII-XIX centuries. This task entails considering the role that Shakespeare’s works played in the development of the national self-awareness and national identity concept in the British society at that time as well as the construction of the Imperial myth in the British literature. Besides, a case study of the English editions of Shakespeare’s works kept in the Scientific library enables one to trace the evolution of Shakespeare studies in Europe. It can also give an insight into the reception of the Briton’s works in the Russian society in the XIX century. The article addresses the issue of the impact that the library owner’s personality has on the composition of the book collection and the ensuing interpretation of how the Western European and Russian literatures interact within the Stroganovs’ library

FIRST RUSSIA-BASED STUDY OF POLYMORPHISM rs2200733 CHROMOSOME 4q25 ASSOCIATION WITH DEVELOPMENT OF THE LONE ATRIAL FIBRILLATION

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most prevalent tachiarrhythmias, with at date non fully understood etiology. Recently, the attention is paid to genetic determinants of AF.Aim. To assess the role of rs2200733 polymorhpism on the chromosome 4q25 in development of AF in Russian population.Material and methods. Totally, 76 patients studied with AF, and control group, number 73 persons without cardiovascular pathology. All participants underwent laboratory and genetic investigations.Results. A statistically significant prevalence of genotype ТТ is found (21,21% vs 4,11%, р=0,015) and allele Т (34,85% vs 19,86%, р=0,03) in the group of patients with the lone AF comparing to the controls. Therefore, TT genotype and T allele of rs2200733 chromosome 4q25 could be predictors of unknown origin AF development