Optical Performance of Non-Blocking 4x4 Optical Switch: Simulation and Experiment

A prototype of pure non-blocking 4x4 optical LC switch was designed and built. This switch is based on conventional LCD technology, where the each pixel controlled the polarization state of the light beam. An addressing algorithm was described. The optical performance of the switch, such as cross-talk and insertion loss, was simulated and experimentally studied. The suggested approach offers several advantages over the conventional cross-point architecture such as: cost; complexity; size; adjustment; and optical performance

Dielectric barrier discharge KrCl - and XeCl-excilamps radiation power control by pressure jump method

The energy dissipation processes in dielectric barrier discharge KrCl- and XeCl-excilamps at various voltage, frequencies and pulse duration are revealed by a pressure jump method. It is offered and tested a way of radiation power calculation in conditions of non-uniform filling of device bulb by discharge plasma. The previous data (Pikulev A.A., Sosnin E.A., 2010-2013) are confirmed. The regularity was formulated: conditions of maximal ultraviolet radiation power corresponds to conditions of maximal heat release in plasma. © (2015) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only

NEW ASPECTS OF RUSSIAN NATIONAL SECURITY SYSTEM IN THE CONDITIONS OF PEACEFUL WAR

Abstract Purpose: The aim of the present article is to identify new dangers and threats posed by the state of peaceful war, which is inherent in the information network society, as well as corresponding to these threats’ new aspects of Russia's national security. Methodology: As research methodology we use an interdisciplinary research strategy, a topological approach, a synergy paradigm, the concept of the Internet of things, the theory of cultural-historical psychology, the concept of positive construction of social reality, propositions of quantum sociology, the concept of “peaceful war” (“hybrid war”, “multidimensional war”), strategies and methods for implementing the systemic nature of Russia's national security. Result: The result is that new aspects of Russia's national security, connected with the “peaceful war”, peculiarities of the impact of new information and communication technologies (ICT) and the Internet of Things as a global computing system (network of networks) on human consciousness, giving specific features to the system of security, and, first of all, its information, psychological, military, cultural and educational components, are shown for the first time. Applications: The application of interdisciplinary, topological and synergistic approaches makes it possible to find out the peculiarities of the impact of ICT and Internet of Things on human consciousness, which functions in accordance with the Mobius band metaphor. Novelty/Originality: The scientific novelty consists in an attempt to apply the concept of “peaceful war”, encompassing all spheres of public life, in order to develop an adequate system for ensuring Russia's national security

NOx formation in apokamp-type atmospheric pressure plasma jets in air initiated by a pulse-repetitive discharge

The decomposition products of atmospheric pressure plasma of repetitive pulsed discharge in apokamp and corona modes were determined by optical and chemical methods. It is shown, that the decomposition products contain mainly nitrogen oxides NOx. A brief review of the plasma- and thermochemical reactions in the pulsed discharges was made. The review and experimental data allow us to explain the reactive oxygen species formation mechanisms in a potential discharge channel with apokamp. The possible applications of this plasma source for treatment of seeds of agricultural crops are discussed

Design and Investigation of de Vries Liquid Crystals Based on 5-Phenyl-Pyrimidine and (R,R)-2,3-Epoxyhexoxy backbone.

Calamitic liquid crystals based on 5-phenyl-pyrimidine derivatives have been designed, synthesized, and characterized. The 5-phenyl pyrimidine core was functionalized with a chiral (R,R)-2,3-epoxyhexoxy chain on one side and either siloxane or perfluoro terminated chains on the opposite side. The one involving a perfluorinated chain shows SmA^{*} phase over a wide temperature range of 82 °C, whereas the siloxane analog exhibits both SmA^{*} and SmC^{*} phases over a broad range of temperatures, and a weak first-order SmA^{*}-SmC^{*} transition is observed. For the siloxane analog, the reduction factor for the layer shrinkage R (relative to its thickness at the SmA^{*}-SmC^{*} transition temperature, T_{AC}) is ∼0.373, and layer shrinkage is 1.7% at a temperature of 13 °C below the T_{AC}. This compound is considered to have de Vries smectic characteristics with the de Vries coefficient C_{deVries} of ∼0.86 on the scale of zero (maximum-layer shrinkage) to 1 (zero-layer shrinkage). A three-parameter mean-field model is introduced for the orientational distribution function (ODF) to reproduce the electro-optic properties. This model explains the experimental results and leads to the ODF, which exhibits a crossover from the sugar-loaf to diffuse-cone ODF some 3 °C above T_{AC}

Цифровое образовательное пространство и проблема «расчеловечивания»

The article raises the problem of the ambiguity of the processes of introducing information technology into education, which affects many scientific areas. The author explores the leading trends in global education caused by the introduction of digital technologies. The article proves that they not only expand the educational space. In addition to the well-known positive results of the use of information technology in the educational process, the author also shows the negative consequences of digitalization of the educational environment. One of the important consequences of the dominance of digital technologies in the modern educational process is the process of «humanization.»The author reveals the main areas of development of the educational system under the domination of the latest information technologies. The cult ofgadgets gradually leads to the process of «humanization»of the younger generation. By creating a basis for the formation of a single educational space, digital technologies lead to the transformation of domestic pedagogical traditions. The cult of technological progress at the expense ofspirituality is promoted. The traditional integrity of the educational system of the educational system is being broken. «Humanization»is evident in the rejection of truth as the leading goal of gnoseology. Such trends are characteristic of Western education, but some reformers have also successfully imposed them on national education. The author shows what the educational system does not meet the requirements of the information society. Traditional relations between the subjects of the educational process are being violated. In some students, the illusion of the teacher»s uselessness is formed, as they are able to obtain any information themselves. The article shows that the pursuit of speed leads to a drop in the scientific status of information. The article gives examples of distortion of the past in academic cognition, which reduces the role of history as an ideological basis.В статье ставится проблема, связанная с неоднозначностью процессов внедрения информационных технологий в образование, которая затрагивает многие научные направления. Автор исследует ведущие тенденции в глобальном образовании, вызванные внедрением цифровых технологий. В статье доказывается, что они не только расширяют образовательное пространство. Наряду с общеизвестными положительными результатами использования информационной техники в учебном процессе, автор показывает также негативные последствия цифровизации образовательной среды. Одним из важных последствий доминирования цифровых технологий в современном образовательном процессе становится процесс «расчеловечивания». Автор раскрывает основные направления развития образовательной системы в условиях господства новейших информационных технологий. Культ гаджетов постепенно приводит к процессу «расчеловечивания» подрастающего поколения. Создавая базис для формирования единого образовательного пространства, цифровые технологии приводят к трансформации отечественных педагогических традиций. Пропагандируется культ технического прогресса в ущерб духовности. Разрывается традиционная для отечественной образовательной системы целостность процессов обучения и воспитания. «Расчеловечивание»ярко проявляется в отказе от истины как ведущей цели гносеологии. Такие тенденции характерны для западного образования, однако отдельные реформаторы успешно навязывают их также отечественному образованию. Автор показывает, в чем проявляется несоответствие образовательной системы требованиям информационному обществу. Нарушаются традиционные отношения между субъектами образовательного процесса. В части учащихся формируется иллюзия ненужности учителя, поскольку любую информацию они в состоянии добыть сами. В статье показано, что погоня за оперативностью приводит к падению научного статуса информации. В статье приводятся примеры искажения прошлого в учебном познании, что снижает роль истории как мировоззренческого базиса

Apokamps produced by repetitive discharges in air

New experimental and computational data on apokamps produced by repetitive discharges in air, including a detailed description of the research techniques used, are presented. It has been shown that plasma bullets–streamers in apokamps at low frequencies could start not only from the bright offshoot but also directly from the discharge channel. The experimental and computational data demonstrate that the visual color of apokamp changes from blue to red as the intensity ratio of the second to the first positive nitrogen system decreases with the decreasing pressure

Computational and experimental study of time-averaged characteristics of positive and negative DC corona discharges in point-plane gaps in atmospheric air

The use of stationary solvers instead of approximate solution methods or time-dependent solvers, which are standard tools in gas discharge modeling, allows one to develop a very fast and robust numerical model for studying the time-averaged characteristics of dc corona discharges. Such an approach is applied to dc corona discharges in point-plane gaps in ambi ent air. A wide range of currents of both voltage polarities and various gap lengths are investigated, and the simulation results are validated by comparing the computed current–voltage characteristics and spatial distributions of the radiation intensity with experimental results. Specific features of the numerical and experimental results at both polarities are discussed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Presowing XeCl excilamp irradiation of crops: field research and prospects

Here we present research data demonstrating how crop seeds response to ultraviolet produced by a barrier-discharge XeCl* excilamp with a wavelength of 290–320 nm (82–88 %). The data show that presowing ultraviolet treatment is stimulatory to seed germination and plant growth. Ultraviolet treatment increases the seed germinability by 20–30 % and the plant fresh weight by 54 %, compared to untreated control samples, and provides a developed root system with long twisted segments. The research results are encouraging for upgrading the UV technology to larger-scale seed irradiation