The calculation of the relaxation processes during dehydration of fish

The methods of study of relaxation processes that are applicable during fish dehydration considering the influence of the chemical composition, geometric size of the processing object and regime parameters of the dehydration processes are developed in this work. The usage of the numerical methods of calculation on the basis of solution of the second-order differential equation with boundary conditions of the third kind allow with sufficient accuracy for engineering practice modeling the different conditions of the dehydration process conducting with periodic restoration of hydraulic conductivity properties of the objects of dehydration. The proposed calculation methods applicable to dehydration processes. Which consists of a continuous initial period and the combined periods of drying fish and relaxation dehydration facility. During the relaxation is provided an exposure to a drying agent for dewatering for a certain time. During relaxation stops the supply of electric power to the heating elements. Reduces the rate of circulation of the drying agent. In the drying installation is supplied with air of lower temperature and higher relative humidity than the drying agent. In drier conditions are created that constrain external mass transfer and promotes relaxation of moisture, that is, to its redistribution in the thickness of the fish. During the relaxation of the moisture is gradually shifting from the central layers where dehydration has not yet come to the dehydrated surface layers. The appearance of moisture inside the dehydrated surface area leads to putting up and expansion of capillaries. At the next interval change product moisture re-enters the dehydration process, the high conductive properties throughout its volume

Canned smoked capelin: prospects, problems, quality

Marketing researches on studying of consumer preferences of products among respondents who regularly visit large trade networks of the city of Murmansk are carried out. It is established that currently canned goods are in steady demand, the buyer prefers canned products from traditional raw materials that have not undergone rigid heat treatment, but the use of fills is expected. One of the ways of satisfaction the growing demand is reorientation of the fishing industry to the use of low-profit fishing facilities, which include capelin. The analysis of data on catch capelin dynamics was carried out, it is established that stocks of capelin will increase. The technology of canned smoked capelin using pre-heat treatment of raw materials at low temperatures (soft modes of smoking) in comparison with traditional technology, or drying fish with the subsequent use of smoking gel to intensify the color and giving the required organoleptic characteristics to the final product. Established excellent organoleptic advantages and high nutritional value of canned capelin. Manufactured canned smoked capelin fit the safety requirements, in particular, the content of benzo(a)pyrene in manufactured canned capelin with smoking gel, 50 times lower than the maximum permissible concentration value for smoked fish products, and which fits the modern food safety requirements

OBTAINING THE POLAR COD PROTEIN ISOLATE AND ITS USING FOR MAYONNAISE AND MEATAND FISH FRANKFURTERS MANUFACTURING

The technology of fish protein isolate from the low-cost raw material – the polar cod meat – was developed. The rationality of using partial alkaline-acid hydrolysis of minced fish for making fish protein isolate from the polar cod meat increasing the full-grade highly functional protein yield was proved. The most significant technological parameters influencing the physical and chemical characteristics of isolate were obtained; they are the parameters of washing and hydrolysis processes. The experiments of determination of the dependency of shelf life of the frozen raw material on physical and chemical characteristics of the raw material were carried out. The optimal quantity of washing cycles depending on the storage time was determined, it is 4 for the polar cod stored less than 4 month, and 6 for the polar cod stored more than 4 months. The dependency of temperature and pH of suspension changes during hydrolysis on the most significant quality characteristics (protein content, isolate yield by minced fish, isolate soluability)was obtained. The optimal values of these factors are: the temperature of 98 ˚С, pH of 11.75. The technology of manufacturing cholesterol-free mayonnaise choosing the fish protein isolate as an emulsifier was developed. The high emulsifying ability of fish protein isolate in fine emulsion “oil in water” was proved: increasing the content of isolate by 0.6 % the emulsifying ability increases by 1.85 %. The organ, oleptic microbiological, physical and chemical analyses of the mayonnaise were carried out, the recommended shelf life (30 days at the temperature from 3 to 5 ˚С) was found. The fish protein isolate was also used for meat and fish frankfurters. The receipt of these frankfurters includes pork, FPI, microwave-blanched cod liver, salt, species, sugar, tomato paste, potato sctarch and yolk, liquid smoke

Obtaining a fish minced feed by the method of cryoextrusion from frozen fish raw materials

Developed the technology of obtaining a fish minced feed (cryo minced fish feed) by the method of cryoextrusion using by the utility model extrusion of a piston-type cold working bodies for grinding the fish raw material in a frozen state. Justified the possibility of replacement in the standard technology of production the feed from the minced fish such technological operations as the defrosting and subsequent grinding of raw materials to the operation like a cold extrusion or cryoextrusion. Used the shape of the holes of the die for forcing the raw material in the form of “hourglass” with a diameter of 7 mm, the length of the process of pushing – 40 seconds. Determine the actual losses of raw material in the milling process meth of cryoextrusion ranging from 1% to 2.5%, including the losses when cutting block for the preparation of raw materials to piercing. It is established that the finished product – cryo minced fish feed, has a homogeneous grinding, juicy, crumbly texture, the temperature in the thickness of the product is not changed and equal to the temperature of raw materials before processing, that is minus 18 °C. Developed the principal technological scheme of obtaining the cryo minced fish feed by the method of cryoextrusion. The calculation of material balance in the production of beef has shown that the use of the new method will allow to increase the product yield up to 99%. Based on the studies of the chemical composition of fish and feed of mince obtained by traditional and developed methods established that the protein content in the cryo minced fish feed remains unchanged. Developed draft technical specifications for the production of cryo minced fish feed and technological instructions for the production of cryo minced fish feed for fodder purposes, and also prepared the application for the patent named “Obtaining cryo minced fish feed from the frozen fish by the method of cryoextrusion”

Investigation of the possibility of producing sodium alginate from the product of processing fucus algae

The possibility of making sodium alginate from a by-product (fucus semifinished product), obtained by producing an extract from brown algae of the Fucus family – fucus bubbly (F.vesiculosus), has been studied. It has been found that up to 80% of the alginic acids contained in the feedstock remain in the fucus semi-finished product, which can also be isolated and used. The principal technology of sodium alginate from the fucus semifinished product is developed, consisting of the following main stages: preparation of raw materials, reduction, pretreatment, extraction of alginates, isolation of alginic acid, production of sodium alginate, drying. The parameters of the technological scheme close to optimal parameters were determined (the duration of extraction of alginates by sodium carbonate solution is 3 hours, the active acidity value for the isolation of alginic acids is 6M hydrochloric acid: pH = 3). As a result of optimization of the technological scheme, it was possible to increase the yield and improve the quality of the product: the yield of sodium alginate was 4.5% (which is 20% higher than the original), the content of alginic acids increased by 7% and was 92% in terms of dry matter, kinematic the viscosity increased almost twofold - its value reached a value of 500 cSt. Investigations carried out by the Fourier method of IR spectroscopy on the Shimadzu IR Tracer-100 (Japan) showed that the sodium alginate obtained from the fucus semifinished by optimized technology is not inferior in quality to sodium alginate produced from laminaria (Sigma Aldrich (USA).) Sodium alginate, made from the fucus semi-finished product, can be used as one of the components of gelling fillings for the production of canned fish in jellies. A technological scheme for processing algae is proposed

Investigation and Development of the Technology of Processing Gold-Antimony Flotation Concentrates

Проведены исследования по гидрометаллургической переработке золотосурьмяного флотационного концентрата. Изучены элементный и фазовый составы исходного материала. Концентрат представлен в основном соединениями сурьмы, кремния, кальция, серы и железа. Основными фазами являются: кварц, стибнит, карбонат кальция и анкерит, также обнаружены пирит и арсенопирит. Рассмотрены особенности растворения стибнита в сульфидно-щелочных растворах. Определены зависимости влияния температуры, времени, соотношения Ж:Т и концентрации NaOH на извлечение сурьмы и серы из флотационного концентрата. Установлена вероятность перехода золота при сульфидно-щелочном выщелачивании исходного материала. Определены некоторые физико- химические характеристики растворения золота при сульфидно-щелочном выщелачивании. Проведены опыты по агитационному цианидному выщелачиванию золота из обессурьмянистого кека. Извлечение золота составило 32,2 %. На основании полученных низких показателей извлечения золота при цианировании предложен способ предварительного вскрытия обессурьмянистого кека – азотнокислотное выщелачиваниеHydrometall urgicalinvestigations of gold antimony flotation concentrate have been carriedout. XRD and chemicalanalysesoftheconcentratehave beenstudied. Mainly, the material consists of compoundsofantimony, silicon, calcium, sulfur and iron. The main phases are quartz, stibnite, calcium carbonate and ankerite, pyrite and arsenopyrite have been found as well. The feature of an timonite’sdissolvinginalkaline solutions has been reviewed. The dependencesofeffectsofthetemperatu re, time, L/Sratioand NaOH concentration on the extraction antimony and sulfur from the flotation concentrate have been determined. During sulphide-alkaline leaching of the starting material several physicochemical characteristics of gold dissolution has been identified. Agitated cyanide gold leaching test of the disantimoniedcake was conducted. Goldrecoverywas 32,2 %. The obtained low indexes of gold recovery are based on cyanidation. A nitric acid leaching of disantimonied cake was propose

Investigation and Development of the Technology of Processing Gold-Antimony Flotation Concentrates

Проведены исследования по гидрометаллургической переработке золотосурьмяного флотационного концентрата. Изучены элементный и фазовый составы исходного материала. Концентрат представлен в основном соединениями сурьмы, кремния, кальция, серы и железа. Основными фазами являются: кварц, стибнит, карбонат кальция и анкерит, также обнаружены пирит и арсенопирит. Рассмотрены особенности растворения стибнита в сульфидно-щелочных растворах. Определены зависимости влияния температуры, времени, соотношения Ж:Т и концентрации NaOH на извлечение сурьмы и серы из флотационного концентрата. Установлена вероятность перехода золота при сульфидно-щелочном выщелачивании исходного материала. Определены некоторые физико- химические характеристики растворения золота при сульфидно-щелочном выщелачивании. Проведены опыты по агитационному цианидному выщелачиванию золота из обессурьмянистого кека. Извлечение золота составило 32,2 %. На основании полученных низких показателей извлечения золота при цианировании предложен способ предварительного вскрытия обессурьмянистого кека – азотнокислотное выщелачиваниеHydrometall urgicalinvestigations of gold antimony flotation concentrate have been carriedout. XRD and chemicalanalysesoftheconcentratehave beenstudied. Mainly, the material consists of compoundsofantimony, silicon, calcium, sulfur and iron. The main phases are quartz, stibnite, calcium carbonate and ankerite, pyrite and arsenopyrite have been found as well. The feature of an timonite’sdissolvinginalkaline solutions has been reviewed. The dependencesofeffectsofthetemperatu re, time, L/Sratioand NaOH concentration on the extraction antimony and sulfur from the flotation concentrate have been determined. During sulphide-alkaline leaching of the starting material several physicochemical characteristics of gold dissolution has been identified. Agitated cyanide gold leaching test of the disantimoniedcake was conducted. Goldrecoverywas 32,2 %. The obtained low indexes of gold recovery are based on cyanidation. A nitric acid leaching of disantimonied cake was propose