23 research outputs found
Application of laser diodes and photodetectors on multiple-quantum wells at the hot-metal pyrometry
In the paper,the method of relative spectroreflectometry at using the infra-red photodetectors with a wide diapason of the spectral photosensitivity is suggested.Methodical errors at exponential and power dependencies of the emissivity of an object on the wavelength are analysed. Possible design of a pyrometer for measurements of temperature of hot metals is described and attractiveness of quantum-well laser diodes and superlattice photodetectors based on the GaSb compounds is discussed. Keywords: pyrometry, spectroreflectometry, near-infrared range, photodetector, laser diode, methodical erro
Squeezed colour states in gluon jet
The possibility of the formation of squeezed states of gluon fields in quantum chromodynamics due to nonlinear nonperturbative self interaction during jet evolution in the process of e(+)e(-) annihilation into hadrons, which are analogous to the quantum photon squeezed states in quantum electrodynamics, is demonstrated. Additionally, the squeezing parameters are calculated
Π‘ΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² C12880MA ΠΈ C11708MA Hamamatsu
Diffuse reflection spectroscopy with spatial resolution is a promising direction of non-destructive control of the properties of a number of scattering fine-dispersed materials, including food products. It can find wide practical application only in the presence of compact, easy-to-use and inexpensive spectrophotometric equipment. The aim of the article is to investigate the possibility of creating portable spectrophotometers based on Hamamatsu mini-spectrometers, which work together with modern computing facilities.The schematics for connecting the C12880MA and C11708MA mini-spectrometers to portable computing devices are reviewed. Shows the feasibility of using a small-sized microprocessor board ARM STM32F103C8T6 (Blue pill) on the chip STM32F103C8T6. Its use in the connection scheme has simplified data exchange with the control computer via USB interface and the formation of all the signals that are needed to control the mini-spectrometer.Two experimental samples of spectrophotometers based on C12880MA and C11708MA mini-spectrometers and STM32 microprocessors were created and their characteristics were studied. The calibration procedure and features of the software for these spectrophotometers are presented. The described features ensure the efficiency of software modification for the spectrophotometric problem to be solved. The presence of distortions of the registered spectra in the short-wave part of the spectral range of C12880MA was revealed. They arise due to focusing by the concave diffraction grating of a part of the radiation scattered by it into zero order.Approbation of developed portable spectrophotometers based on Hamamatsu mini-spectrometers indicates the possibility of their use in portable spectrophotometric equipment and devices for spectral control of optical properties of scattering materials. The described calibration technique allows you to determine the range of the spectrum, in which the distortions of the recorded spectra are minimal. The proposed solutions significantly reduce the cost of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy devices with spatial resolution and expand the possibilities of their use in various branches of science and industry.Π‘ΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ β ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΡΡΠ΄Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π½Π°ΠΉΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ β ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Hamamatsu, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ.Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² C12880MA ΠΈ C11708MA ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π°Π±Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡ ARM STM32F103C8T6 (Blue pill) Π½Π° ΡΠΈΠΏΠ΅ STM32F103C8T6. ΠΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ USB ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°.Π‘ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½Ρ Π΄Π²Π° ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ° ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² C12880MA ΠΈ C11708MA ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² STM32 ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° C12880MA. ΠΠ½ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡ Π·Π° ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ³Π½ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π½ΡΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ.ΠΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Hamamatsu ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ
ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ². ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ»ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π°
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π³Π»Π°Π·Π°
The study of the effects on the microvasculature of various vasoactive drugs requires appro-priate methods and equipment for determining the basic physiological parameters of small blood vessels: their internal diameter and cross-sectional area, specific density, and blood flow velocity. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to study the possibilities of improving the reliability of determining the internal diameter and cross-sectional area of the visible blood vessels of bulbar con-junctival of the eye.A technique for obtaining digital video recordings of the bulbar conjunctiva of the eye, based on the pulse illumination of the study area, is proposed. A prototype of the equipment with a spatial resolution of 2 Β΅m video is described, which allows to trace all visible blood vessels, including capillaries. An algorithm for stabilizing the position of a sequence of digital images of the bulbar conjunctiva relative to the first frame is discussed. It is based on the use of subpixel interpolation when searching for a global minimum of the standard deviation of the differences in brightness of the first and selected frame.The proposed algorithms for tracing the vascular pattern and determining the internal diameter and cross-sectional area of the blood vessels are described. An original method for calculating them is proposed, which is based on determining the area and height of a cross section of a blood vessel image. The problem of verification of the obtained results is discussed.The described approach to make it possible to create diagnostic images of the visible blood vessels of the bulbar conjunctiva, including the capillaries, with an indication of their diameters. Examples of the construction of histograms of the distribution of the internal diameter and cross-sectional area of these blood vessels are presented.The proposed technique and hardware solutions have the prospect of being used in creating equipment for complex non-invasive diagnostics of the microvasculature and monitoring the effectiveness of treating various diseases of the cardiovascular system, since the conditions of the eye blood vessels correlate with the state of the blood vessels in other organs.ΠΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²: Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°, ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ°. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ β ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π±ΡΠ»ΡΠ±Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ Π³Π»Π°Π·Π°. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π±ΡΠ»ΡΠ±Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ Π³Π»Π°Π·Π°, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π½Π° ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°. ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π΅Ρ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΊΠΈ 2 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄Ρ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΡ. ΠΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π±ΡΠ»ΡΠ±Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°Π΄ΡΠ°, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ±ΠΏΠΈΠΊΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΠ° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°Π΄ΡΠ°.Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ± ΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°. ΠΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ².ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π±ΡΠ»ΡΠ±Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΡ, Ρ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°.Π£ΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π³Π»Π°Π· Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Π°Ρ
, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ»Π° ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ
Small-Size Resonant Photoacoustic Cell of Inclined Geometry for Gas Detection
A photoacoustic cell intended for laser detection of trace gases is
represented. The cell is adapted so as to enhance the gas-detection performance
and, simultaneously, to reduce the cell size. The cell design provides an
efficient cancellation of the window background (a parasite response due to
absorption of laser beam in the cell windows) and acoustic isolation from the
environment for an acoustic resonance of the cell. The useful photoacoustic
response from a detected gas, window background and noise are analyzed in
demonstration experiments as functions of the modulation frequency for a
prototype cell with the internal volume ~ 0.5 cm^3. The minimal detectable
absorption for the prototype is estimated to be ~ 1.2 10^{-8} cm^{-1} W
Hz^{-1/2}.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π2 ΠΈ Π‘Π Π² Π΄ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π³Π°Π·Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²
Application efficiency of various absorption laser spectroscopy methods for determination of gas component concentration in boiler smoke gases has been studied in the paper, O2 and CO absorption spectra have been analyzed, optimum absorption lines in near IR spectral range (about 0.76 Β΅m for O2 and 1.56 Β΅m for CO) have been selected and graphical dependences of intensity and half-width of the selected lines on the investigated medium temperature and pressure have been shown. Processes of monitoring CO and O2 content in boiler smoke gases while using basic laser spectroscopy methods have been simulated and measuring errors have been analyzed. It has been found out that in order to decrease methodical errors of concentration measuring it is necessary to take into account the investigated medium temperature and pressure. The paper shows that the least errors of continuous CO and O2 concentration monitoring at the presence of variations in dissipative losses have been ensured by the modified correlation method though its threshold sensitivity is less than integral and correlation ones.ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π°Π±ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ Π² Π΄ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π³Π°Π·Π°Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π2 ΠΈ Π‘Π, Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΠ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ° (Π² ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π΅ 0,76 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ Π2 ΠΈ 1,56 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ Π‘Π) ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΉ. Π‘ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π‘Π ΠΈ Π2 Π² Π΄ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π³Π°Π·Π°Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΡΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π‘Π ΠΈ Π2 ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄, Ρ
ΠΎΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ« Π ΠΠ ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ-ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ’ΠΠ«Π Π‘Π ΠΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠ ΠΠ‘Π‘ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ‘ΠΠ«Π₯ Π‘ΠΠ‘Π£ΠΠΠ Π Π’ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ Π§ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ
The article provides the reader with a number of strategies to the research of blood vessels and tissues of human eye by contactless optical methods. Techniques and apparatus for measuring of geometric parameters of the blood vessels, blood flow velocity and concentrations of ocular tissues chromophores are described. The research is aimed to reveal the most effective diagnostic criteria of vascular abnormalities by means of affordable to measure indicators.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π³Π»Π°Π·Π° ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° in vivo Π±Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΡ
Π³Π»Π°Π·Π°. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ in vivo Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ
Π‘ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ«Π Π ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ«Π ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ Π« ΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠΠ«Π¨ΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠ€Π€ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’Π Π‘ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ― Π’ΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π Π’ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ
The paper contains estimation of threshold sensitivity of correlation measuring methods in light-emitting diode and laser devices for continuous control of boiler smoke gas composition. Proposals are given to eliminate influence of dissipation losses and instability of optic and electronic path parameters on the results of control process. It is shown that application of non-dispersion and modified correlation methods for measuring CO and O2 concentration and infra-red light-emitting diodes lasers make it possible to conduct continuous control of smoke gas composition. This control is made by means of smoke flow exposure without taking samples and ensuring small errors and operational reliability.Β ΠΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ
Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° Π΄ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ CO ΠΈ O2 ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° Π΄ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ°, Ρ. Π΅. Π±Π΅Π· Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ
Technique for Measuring the Internal Diameter and Area of Visible Vessels of the Eye
The study of the effects on the microvasculature of various vasoactive drugs requires appro-priate methods and equipment for determining the basic physiological parameters of small blood vessels: their internal diameter and cross-sectional area, specific density, and blood flow velocity. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to study the possibilities of improving the reliability of determining the internal diameter and cross-sectional area of the visible blood vessels of bulbar con-junctival of the eye.A technique for obtaining digital video recordings of the bulbar conjunctiva of the eye, based on the pulse illumination of the study area, is proposed. A prototype of the equipment with a spatial resolution of 2 Β΅m video is described, which allows to trace all visible blood vessels, including capillaries. An algorithm for stabilizing the position of a sequence of digital images of the bulbar conjunctiva relative to the first frame is discussed. It is based on the use of subpixel interpolation when searching for a global minimum of the standard deviation of the differences in brightness of the first and selected frame.The proposed algorithms for tracing the vascular pattern and determining the internal diameter and cross-sectional area of the blood vessels are described. An original method for calculating them is proposed, which is based on determining the area and height of a cross section of a blood vessel image. The problem of verification of the obtained results is discussed.The described approach to make it possible to create diagnostic images of the visible blood vessels of the bulbar conjunctiva, including the capillaries, with an indication of their diameters. Examples of the construction of histograms of the distribution of the internal diameter and cross-sectional area of these blood vessels are presented.The proposed technique and hardware solutions have the prospect of being used in creating equipment for complex non-invasive diagnostics of the microvasculature and monitoring the effectiveness of treating various diseases of the cardiovascular system, since the conditions of the eye blood vessels correlate with the state of the blood vessels in other organs
Preparation and processing of digital images of vessels of the eye sclera
Method and apparatus for obtaining of contrasting digital images conjunctival blood vessels are described. Pulsed LED lights are used to illuminate the sclera. The applicability of the proposed approach for studying in vivo vascular response to various impacts is shown