261 research outputs found
INTERVALS OPTIMIZATION OF SYSTEMS INFORMATION SECURITY INSPECTION
A Markov model is suggested for secure information systems, functioning under conditions of destructive impacts, which aftereffects are found by on-line and test control. It is assumed that on-line control, in contrast to the test one, is char- acterized by the limited control completeness, but does not require the stopping of computational process. The aim of re- search is to create models that optimize intervals of test control initialization by the criterion of probability maximization for system stay in the ready state to secure fulfillment of the functional requests and minimization of the dangerous system states in view of the uncertainty and intensity variance of the destructive impacts. Variants of testing intervals optimization are con- sidered depending on the intensity of destructive impacts by the criterion of the maximum system availability for the safe execution of queries. Optimization is carried out with and without adaptation to the actual intensity change of destructive impacts. The efficiency of adaptive change for testing periods is shown depending on the observed activity of destructive impacts. The solution of optimization problem is obtained by built-in tools of computer mathematics Mathcad 15, including symbolic mathematics for solution of systems of algebraic equations. The proposed models and methods of determining the optimal testing intervals can find their application in the system design of computer systems and networks of critical applications, working under conditions of destabilizing actions with the increased requirements for their safety
Updating of physical activity trained on the basis of lessons by professional and applied physical training
Transition of system of sports education to new standards of the third generation is the effective tool for updating of physical activity trained on the basis of lessons by professional and applied physical training. The approaches to development of the leading physical qualities promoting not only are shown to more successful mastering a profession, but also formation of competence of the athletes who are engaged in applied types of single combats in article. In the sphere of physical culture competence provides success in mastering various means of professional and applied physical training of young athletes. By results of the skilled pilot study organized by the author in work reduced forms of combinations of development of competence of the young athletes who are engaged in professional and applied types of single combats with other types of professional activityΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π·Π°Π½ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ², ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ², Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΡΠ². Π ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠ²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ², Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΡΠ² Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡ
Colormetric system for monitoring the growth of microalgae Dunaliella salina under laboratory conditions
The brackish microalgae Dunaliella salina, being an extremophilic halophyte, is a promising object for biotechnological production. The aim of this work is to develop a methodology for non-destructive control of the development of a microalgae culture under conditions of balanced growth during periodic cultivation on plates. Before the start of the experiment, the microalgae culture was synchronized. The quantitative content of chlorophylls a and b, as well as carotenoids, was determined spectrophotometrically in alcohol extracts. During cultivation, time-lapse images were recorded on a smartphone camera. The basis of the colorimetric evaluation is the analysis of the time series of images in the RGB color model. It is shown that the ratio of colors correlates to a high degree with the content of the determined main plant pigments – chlorophylls and carotenoids, and with the data of spectrophotometric measurements of live suspensions. The changes in the blue channel are the most pronounced, the least being in the green channel. The logarithm of color intensity is linearly dependent on the degree of dilution of the culture. The developed method for real-time monitoring of the development dynamics of the D. salina microalgae culture makes it possible to build growth curves and solve multiparametric problems to optimize the cultivation of microalgae, including when working with large arrays of samples
ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΡΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π° Ka-/Q-Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²
Signal attenuation in satellite radio channel of Ka/Q bands has been analysed. It is demonstrated that the attenuation of the signal as it passes through the settlement is a dynamic value varying from 0 to 15.5 dB depending on the intensity of the rain, unlike other attenuation components, which may be considered as quasi-static values. Energy losses has been determined taking into account all attenuation components of the highly elliptical orbit of satellites, which for maximum rain intensity amount to 235 and 218 dB for Ka and Q bands, respectively.Β Luferchik A. V., Luferchik P. V., Galeev R. G., Bogatyrev E. V. Analysis of the influence of atmospheric disturbances on the energy potential of the Ka/Q-band satellite radio channel. Ural Radio Engineering Journal. 2023;7(2):137β152. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.15826/urej.2023.7.2.003.ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π·Π°ΡΡΡ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»Π° Π² ΡΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π΅ Ka-/Q-Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΡΡ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΡ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΎΡ 0 Π΄ΠΎ 15,5 Π΄Π Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Ρ, Π² ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΡΡΡ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΡΡΡ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ 235 ΠΈ 218 Π΄Π Π΄Π»Ρ Ka- ΠΈ Q-Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ².Β ΠΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊ Π. Π., ΠΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊ Π. Π., ΠΠ°Π»Π΅Π΅Π² Π . Π., ΠΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π² Π. Π. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΡΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π° Ka-/Q-Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ². Ural Radio Engineering Journal. 2023;7(2):137β152. DOI: 10.15826/urej.2023.7.2.003
ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π° ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ
This paper presents the results of experimental research on the characteristics of multipath and non-stationarity of the tropospheric communication channel carried out on the 144 km long Krasnoyarsk-Balakhta path, at a radio signal transmission frequency of 5 GHz. The obtained measurement data may be used in modeling of the tropospheric channel in the process of designing tropospheric communication systems to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed algorithms designed to improve the energy efficiency of tropospheric communication systems.Β Vorobev N. A., Luferchik P. V., Shtro P. V., Bogatyrev E. V. Research on characteristics of non-stationarity of the troposcatter communication channel. Ural Radio Engineering Journal. 2023;7(2):123β136. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.15826/urej.2023.7.2.002.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π° ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ, Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΊ βΒ ΠΠ°Π»Π°Ρ
ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ 144 ΠΊΠΌ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ² 5 ΠΠΡ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π° Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ.Β ΠΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π² Π. Π., ΠΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊ Π. Π., Π¨ΡΡΠΎ Π. Π., ΠΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π² Π. Π. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π° ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ. Ural Radio Engineering Journal. 2023;7(2):123β136. DOI: 10.15826/urej.2023.7.2.002
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ
The description of a new method for increasing the resolution of radio pulse sensors (RPS) designed for short- range radar systems (SRRS) for detecting and measuring motion parameters of location objects is presented. The essence of the method is that the controlled area of space with the targets located in it is periodically irradiated with probing radio pulses, and during their radiation, radio pulses reflected from the targets are simultaneously received and divided into two quadrature channels. Next, they are mixed with probing radio pulses, and the time-overlapping parts of these radio pulses are converted into the region of low Doppler frequencies in the form of two quadrature video pulses. Then, the quadrature video pulses received in these channels are sampled by amplitude, stored at multiple points in time and digitally processed according to the proposed algorithm. The method is implemented in the RPS made on the basis of a horn-lens antenna, a Doppler receiving and transmitting module with quadrature outputs of converted signals, a synchronization and pulse generation unit, as well as a digital signal processing unit. The RPS can be used in onboard (for example, automotive) SRRS designed to detect moving targets, measure the distance to them, as well as determine the speed and direction of movement. The results of experimental studies have been obtained on the example of the 8-mm autodyne RPS made on the basis of the oscillator on a planar Gann-diode.Β Bogatyrev E. V., Vishnyakov D. S., Ignatkov K. A., Noskov V. Ya. Method of increasing the range resolution of radio pulse sensors of short-r ange radar systems. Ural Radio Engineering Journal. 2023;7(2):166β190. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.15826/urej.2023.7.2.005.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² (Π ΠΠ), ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ (Π‘ΠΠ Π) ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π‘ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π° Ρ Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡ
Π½Π° Π΄Π²Π° ΠΊΠ²Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π°. ΠΠ°Π»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡ
Ρ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ²Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π°Ρ
ΠΊΠ²Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΄Π΅, Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ³Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π² Π ΠΠ, Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° Π±Π°Π·Π΅ ΡΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π»ΠΈΠ½Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π½ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ, Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Ρ Ρ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ², Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ° ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ° ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ². Π ΠΠ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π½Π°ΠΉΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π±ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π‘ΠΠ Π (Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
), ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΡ
, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π ΠΠ 8-ΠΌΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°, Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΠ°Π½Π½Π°.Β ΠΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π² Π. Π., ΠΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Π. Π‘., ΠΠ³Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Π. Π., ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Π. Π―. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Ural Radio Engineering Journal. 2023;7(2):166β190. DOI: 10.15826/urej.2023.7.2.005
On the origin of petroleum n-alkylbenzenes
Β© 2015 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. The homologous series of C9-C23 n-alkylbenzenes has been first identified in the products of thermal and thermocatalytic transformations of the insoluble part of the Arthrobacter sp. RV and Pseudomonas aeruginosa RM bacterial biomass, and their distribution has been revealed; a homologous series of n-alkyltoluenes has been discovered as well. It has been suggested that the n-alkylbenzenes are biomarkers
Soliton formation from a pulse passing the zero-dispersion point in a nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation
We consider in detail the self-trapping of a soliton from a wave pulse that
passes from a defocussing region into a focussing one in a spatially
inhomogeneous nonlinear waveguide, described by a nonlinear Schrodinger
equation in which the dispersion coefficient changes its sign from normal to
anomalous. The model has direct applications to dispersion-decreasing nonlinear
optical fibers, and to natural waveguides for internal waves in the ocean. It
is found that, depending on the (conserved) energy and (nonconserved) mass of
the initial pulse, four qualitatively different outcomes of the pulse
transformation are possible: decay into radiation; self-trapping into a single
soliton; formation of a breather; and formation of a pair of counterpropagating
solitons. A corresponding chart is drawn on a parametric plane, which
demonstrates some unexpected features. In particular, it is found that any kind
of soliton(s) (including the breather and counterpropagating pair) eventually
decays into pure radiation with the increase of the energy, the initial mass
being kept constant. It is also noteworthy that a virtually direct transition
from a single soliton into a pair of symmetric counterpropagating ones seems
possible. An explanation for these features is proposed. In two cases when
analytical approximations apply, viz., a simple perturbation theory for broad
initial pulses, or the variational approximation for narrow ones, comparison
with the direct simulations shows reasonable agreement.Comment: 18 pages, 10 figures, 1 table. Phys. Rev. E, in pres
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ
The description of a new method of signal generation and processing which provides an increase in the noise immunity of radar sensors (RS) with frequency switching (FS) radiation is presented. The principle of method is in the use of a set of time intervals when measuring the phase difference of signals at different radiation frequencies and, accordingly, a set of the Doppler frequency values in the signal spectrum when determining the average value of the Doppler frequency, as well as the use of forward and reverse IF sequences. This method allows averaging the results of calculating individual implementations and, thereby, increase the accuracy of determining the target speed and distance to it. At the same time, the stability of the RS with FS also increases to the effects of signals from third-party radio sources and interference from the underlying surface. The results of experimental studies of the method are obtained on the example of the autodyne RS with the 8-mm frequency range, made on the basis of the Gann diode generator with frequency control by varicap. The method may be used in on-board (for example, automotive) radar sensors designed to detect moving targets, measure the distance to them, as well as determine the speed and direction of movement.Β ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° (Π ΠΠ) Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ (ΠΠ§) ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π‘ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ Π² ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π· ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ, ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡ Π² ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΠ§. ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π΅. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ Π ΠΠ Ρ ΠΠ§ ΠΊ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π ΠΠ Ρ ΠΠ§ 8-ΠΌΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°, Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΠ°Π½Π½Π° Ρ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π½Π°ΠΉΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π±ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
(Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
) ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ
, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΡ
, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Π. Π―., ΠΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π² Π. Π., ΠΠ³Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Π. Π., Π§Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π. Π., Π¨Π°ΠΉΠ΄ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π. Π. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ. Ural Radio Engineering Journal. 2021;5(3):284β304. DOI: 10.15826/urej.2021.5.3.006.
The effects of prolonged oral administration of gold nanoparticles on the morphology of hematopoietic and lymphoid organs
Currently, the usage of gold nanoparticles as photosensitizers and immunomodulators for plasmonic photothermal therapy has attracted a great attention of researches and end-users. In our work, the influence of prolonged peroral administration of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) with different sizes on the morphological changes of hematopoietic and lymphoid organs was investigated. The 24 white outbred male rats weighing 180-220 g were randomly divided into groups and administered orally for 30 days the suspension of gold nanospheres with diameters of 2, 15 and 50 nm at a dosage of 190 ΞΌg/kg of animal body weight. To prevent GNPs aggregation in a tissue and enhance biocompatibility, they were functionalized with thiolated polyethylene glycol. The withdrawal of the animals from the experiment and sampling of spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow tissues for morphological study were performed a day after the last administration. In the spleen the boundary between the red and white pulp was not clearly differ in all experimental groups, lymphoid follicles were significantly increased in size, containing bright germinative centers represented by large blast cells. The stimulation of lymphocyte and myelocytic series of hematopoiesis was recorded at morphological study of the bone marrow. The number of immunoblasts and large lymphocytes was increased in all structural zones of lymph nodes. The more pronounced changes were found in the group with administration of 15 nm nanoparticles. Thus, the morphological changes of cellular components of hematopoietic organs have size-dependent character and indicate the activation of the migration, proliferation and differentiation of immune cells after prolonged oral administration of GNPs
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