English peasants and agrarian policy of the Tudors and the first Stuarts: outlines of enclosure legislation = Английские крестьяне и аграрная политика Тюдоров и первых Стюартов: основы законодательства об огораживаниях

In the article considers the legislation of the Tudors and the first Stuarts related to the existent process of ploughland enclosure in the kingdom of England in the second half of the 16th - first half of the 17th century. The article researches into the origins of a number of agrarian statutes in Parliament and provides analysis of the contents of their separate articles referring to the peasants and the new gentr

English peasants and agrarian policy of the Tudors and the first Stuarts: legislation and peasant mentality through social conflict communication (1550-1640-s)= Английские крестьяне и аграрная политика Тюдоров и первых Стюартов: законодательство и крестьянская психология через социальные конфликты (1550-1640 гг.)

The article focuses on the essence of social conflicts involving peasants in the period of 1550-1640-s and the constituents of these conflicts = В статье отмечается сущность социальных конфликтов, в которых участвовали крестьяне в период 1550-1640 гг., их составные компоненты в контексте междициплинарного подход

Age-Dependent Dynamics of Somatometric Indexes of Boys of Junior Scool.

У статті наведено основні антропометричні характеристики тіла хлопчиків молодшого шкільного віку. Визначено й проаналізовано динаміку їх зміни у віковому аспекті. Вивчено темпи приросту ваги, росту, обсягу стегна та гомілки, довжини й ширини стопи в молодших школярів. Проаналізовано ступені кореляційних зв’язків між досліджуваними показниками в кожному віці. n the atticle the basic anthropometric descriptions of body of boys of junior scool age are shown.The dynamics of their change in an age-dependent aspect is analysed anddetermined. The rates of gaining weight, height, hip volume and shin volume, foot length and width of the junior scoolchildren are studied. The degrees of cross-correlation connections are analyzed between the probed indexes of every age-group

Small business capabilities for employment

© 2015, Asian Social Science. All rights reserved. Small business is a significant sector of economy which influences on rates of economic growth, structure and quality of Gross Domestic Product of the country, promoting social and economic problem- solving search. Small enterprises are the most important reserve for social and economic development of the country, they quickly provide creation of new workplaces, form significant quantity of technological innovations, promote creation and maintenance at the necessary level of a middle class in society. As a current significant trend of development of small business in world economy acts that fact that many graduates try to find a job in a small business

Human β-defensin-3gene expression in mucosa of ORL organs

The aim of present study was to investigate the hBD-3 gene expression in the surface epithelium of mucosa in ORL organs. We have studied a total of 210 mucosal samples, obtained at the most frequent surgical intervantions from 5 different anatomical functional areas: nose and paranasal sinuses, middle ear, nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx. The inferior turbinate mucosa (1) and the normal middle nasal passage mucosa (2) served as controls. Estimation of hBD-3 and β-actin gene expression was performed by reverse transcription and realtime PCR. In the nasal and sino-nasal mucosa, only negligible expression levels were detected in 14.29-33.33% of samples, most often in the specimens from the middle nasal passage and ethmoid labyrinth polyps (53.84%), being absent in hypertrophic inferior turbinate. In the middle ear cavity, the frequency detection of the hBD-3 gene expression varied from 7.69% in the stapes superstructures mucosa to 53.85% of the mucosal samples in the presence of cholesteatoma. hBD-3 gene expression was detected in most tissue samples with high microbial contamination: palatine tonsils (100%); adenoid hypertrophy (84.62%); adenoids in hypertrophic states of adenoids and palatine tonsils (87.5%); laryngeal fibrous-vascular polyps (87.5%); other laryngeal pathology (77.78% of the samples). The highest levels of hBD-3 gene expression were found in laryngeal fibrous-vascular polyps. The findings presumed two functionally different types of immune response in mucosa of the ORL organs. In the anatomical-functional areas lined with ciliated epithelium (middle and inferior nasal passages, maxillary and ethmoid sinuses, middle ear), significantly lower frequencies (Fisher's exact test, p < 0.05 to p < 0.001) and levels (Mann-Whitney test, p < 0.05 to p < 0.001) of hBD-3 gene expression were detected, except of polyps of the middle nasal passage and ethmoid labyrinth, and mucosa of the tympanic cavity in cholesteatoma, which may be related to the nature of the pathological process. In the areas lined with squamous epithelium or a combination of squamous and ciliated epithelium, hBD-3 gene expression was detected almost everywhere and at significantly higher levels. In the context of chronic inflammation and infection-related diseases of the ORL organs, in addition to the direct microbicidal activity of hBD-3 as the first line of immune response, one may suggest peptide dysregulation and, even, pathogenetic effects of hBD-3, e.g., increased sensitivity to infections, pathological changes in the composition of the commensal bacteria, fibrous remodeling

The importance of physical activity in the regulation of anti-viral immunity

The paper reviews the current data on the effect and role of varying intensity physical activity in the prevention of various respiratory virus infections, including influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. The paper discusses the effect of varying intensity physical activity on antiviral immunity, cellular and cytokine responses to respiratory virus infections, physical activity influence on vaccination effectiveness and the role of regular moderate intensity physical activity in the prevention of viral infection in patients with obesity, overweight, diabetes and other metabolic disorders. The paper analyzes physical activity role in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as in the conditions of self-isolation and quarantine

ОСТРАЯ, ХРОНИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИЧНОСТЬ И РАЗДРАЖАЮЩЕЕ ДЕЙСТВИЕ СМ-КОМПЛЕКСА

The researchers elaborated pharmacological complex of SM at the Chair of Morphology, Physiology and Pharmacology atSouth-UralStateAgrarianUniversity. The complex contains butafosfan, vitamins, vitamin-like substances, selected on the basis of synergistic effect on the body. The parameters of acute toxicity of the SM-complex were explored in the experiment on clinically healthy adult white mice of both genders by a single injection of the solution in the maximum permissible dose according to GOST 31926-2013. Intolerance on the skin of animals was detected in line with GOST R ISO 10993.10-2009. GOST R ISO 10993.10-99 became a guideline for evaluating SM-complex intolerance on the eye conjunctiva. Chronic toxicity was investigated on non-linear rats; the rates were divided into 4 groups of 6. The first group became a control group, the second group received the SM-complex in a therapeutic dose (255mg/kg), the third group - in a 5 -fold therapeutic dose (1275mg/kg), the fourth group - in a 10-fold dose (2550mg/kg). Pharmacological substance was applied through the probe in the form of an aqueous solution for 30 days. The researchers found out that at single oral introduction of SM-complex in the maximum possible doses it does not affect mice organism and it is referred to the 4th class of danger according to GOST 12.1.007-76. Local application in the form of applications on the skin and mucous membranes of rabbits, the complex does not have a local irritant effect. Long-term application of pharmacological composition (30 days) in high doses causes functional and morphological changes of the liver in the form of gray foci and flabbiness, as well as it increases the volume of the organ. Due to the fact that the therapeutic doses are 5 and 10 times lower than the toxic ones and the period of application does not exceed 7-14 days, the authors make a conclusion that SM-complex is safe and secure and can be used in the recommended doses.В условиях кафедры морфологии, физиологии и фармакологии Южно-Уральского государственного аграрного университета был разработан фармакологический комплекс СМ, который в своем составе содержит бутафосфан, витамины, витаминоподобные вещества, подобранные по принципу синергического действия на организм. Параметры острой токсичности СМ-комплекса изучены в опыте на клинически здоровых половозрелых белых мышах обоего пола путем однократного введения через зонд раствора в максимально возможной дозе согласно ГОСТ 31926–2013. Определение раздражающего действия на кожу животных проводилось в соответствии с ГОСТ Р ИСО 10993.10–2009. Для оценки раздражающего действия СМ-комплекса на конъюнктиву глаза руководствовались ГОСТ Р ИСО 10993.10–99. Хроническая токсичность была изучена на нелинейных крысах, разделенных на 4 группы по 6 животных. Первая группа служила контролем, 2-я получала СМ-комплекс в терапевтической дозе (255 мг/кг), 3-я – в 5-кратной терапевтической дозе (1275 мг/кг), 4-я – в 10-кратной (2550 мг/кг). Фармакологическое средство задавали через зонд в виде водного раствора на протяжении 30 суток. В результате исследований определено, что при однократном пероральном введении СМ- комплекса в максимально возможных дозах он не оказывает летального действия на организм мышей и относится к 4-му классу опасности по ГОСТ 12.1.007–76. При местном применении в виде аппликаций на кожу и слизистые оболочки кроликов комплекс не оказывает местного раздражающего действия. Длительное использование фармакологической композиции (в течение 30 дней) в высоких дозах вызывает функциональные и морфологические изменения печени в виде серых очагов и дряблости, а также увеличение органа в объеме. Но в связи с тем, что терапевтические дозы ниже токсических в 5 и 10 раз и период использования не превышает 7–14 суток, можно сделать заключение, что СМ-комплекс относительно безопасен и может быть использован без ограничения в рекомендуемых дозах

The Use of Computer Technologies in the Process of Physical Education of Student Young People.

В статье представлена разработанная авторами информационно -методическая система “Гармония тела”, раскрываются назначение и возможности модулей компьютерной программы. In the article the developed by authors informative- methodical system is presented “Harmo ny of body”, setting and p ossibilities of computer program units open up

Project-Based Learning Technology as a Tool for Developing Students Individuality

The article discusses the possibilities of using project-based learning technologies for the formation of students individuality in the framework of a system-activity approach.В статье рассматриваются возможности использования технологий проектного обучения для формирования индивидуальности школьников в рамках системно-деятельностного подхода

Development of Group Subjectivity of Pupils within Collaborative Activities

The article is devoted to the development of group subjectivity in collaborative activities. The concept of "subjectivity" and types of subjectivity are given. The results of experimental study of potential, real, and reflective subjectivity are described. The authors conclude that the development of group subjectivity will contribute to communication and relationships of members of pupils’ groups which are revealed in collaborative activities. When the members of the group participate in the preparation and conducting of collaborative activities actively, they are ready for any difficulties and their overcoming. Success or failure of teammates causes sincere participation of other members of the group (approval, support). They show mutual responsibility for individual and/or group success and failures in the group