INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO THE LABELLING OF ORGANIC PRODUCTION FOOD

Labelling — the final stage of production, which determines its characteristics and properties. In addition to the main regulated elements of labeling, information about the product distinctive features can be applied to the label, which can influence the potential consumer choice. Complete and reliable information allows not only to identify the product, but also to prevent possible consumer deception. Information falsification is one of the most common ways of misleading consumers.There are several types of marking: consumer, warning, conformity, environmental and special protective. In order to protect the consumer from information falsification for food products, clear rules for marking for mandatory application have been developed, established in the technical regulations of the Customs Union 022/2011 «Food products in terms of its marking» and technical regulations for certain types of products (industry products features). In recent years, the organic products production is actively developing, the requirements for which in the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) are at the design stage. Organic production is based on the principles of environmental friendliness and humanity, as well as the prohibition of the use of means of production intensification (chemical fertilizers, chemotherapy drugs, artificial food additives, etc.). To control the implementation of these requirements, it is necessary to conduct a full analysis of the production of the product «from the field to the counter», which can be carried out only by highly qualified experts. Confirmation of compliance with the requirements is a organic products sign. In world practice, there are several types of eco-labels. The essence of the developed interdisciplinary approach is a comprehensive application of mandatory and voluntary requirements for the organic food products labeling.Labelling — the final stage of production, which determines its characteristics and properties. In addition to the main regulated elements of labeling, information about the product distinctive features can be applied to the label, which can influence the potential consumer choice. Complete and reliable information allows not only to identify the product, but also to prevent possible consumer deception. Information falsification is one of the most common ways of misleading consumers.There are several types of marking: consumer, warning, conformity, environmental and special protective. In order to protect the consumer from information falsification for food products, clear rules for marking for mandatory application have been developed, established in the technical regulations of the Customs Union 022/2011 «Food products in terms of its marking» and technical regulations for certain types of products (industry products features). In recent years, the organic products production is actively developing, the requirements for which in the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) are at the design stage. Organic production is based on the principles of environmental friendliness and humanity, as well as the prohibition of the use of means of production intensification (chemical fertilizers, chemotherapy drugs, artificial food additives, etc.). To control the implementation of these requirements, it is necessary to conduct a full analysis of the production of the product «from the field to the counter», which can be carried out only by highly qualified experts. Confirmation of compliance with the requirements is a organic products sign. In world practice, there are several types of eco-labels. The essence of the developed interdisciplinary approach is a comprehensive application of mandatory and voluntary requirements for the organic food products labeling

Synthetic Melatoninergic Ligands: Achievements and Prospects

TesisLa investigación que se presenta tiene como objetivo principal analizar las ventajas competitivas de las empresas representativas de bebidas gaseosas en el Perú durante el periodo 2015-2016. Se trabajó con un diseño de investigación no experimental porque la variable no se ve afectada por la investigación a estudiar, el tipo de diseño es transversal porque se ciñe al estudio en un tiempo determinado; descriptiva porque solo se realizó el análisis y descripción de las teorías de las ventajas competitivas en las empresas representativas de bebidas gaseosas en el Perú durante el periodo 2015-2016 y cualitativo porque se basa en recolección de datos sin medición numérica como el análisis documental, memoria anual y entrevistas de profundidad a colaboradores estratégicos de las empresas Arca Continental Lindley y Aje Group

Non-obvious Problems in Clark Electrode Application at Elevated Temperature and Ways of Their Elimination

Well-known cause of frequent failures of closed oxygen sensors is the appearance of gas bubbles in the electrolyte. The problem is traditionally associated with insufficient sealing of the sensor that is not always true. Study of a typical temperature regime of measurement system based on Clark sensor showed that spontaneous release of the gas phase is a natural effect caused by periodic warming of the sensor to a temperature of the test liquid. The warming of the sensor together with the incubation medium causes oversaturation of electrolyte by dissolved gases and the allocation of gas bubbles. The lower rate of sensor heating in comparison with the medium reduces but does not eliminate the manifestation of this effect. It is experimentally established, that with each cycle of heating of measuring system up to 37 ∘ C followed by cooling the volume of gas phase in the electrolyte (KCl; 60 g/L; 400 L) increased by 0.6 L approximately. Thus, during just several cycles it can dramatically degrade the characteristics of the sensor. A method was developed in which the oxygen sensor is heated in contact with the liquid, (depleted of dissolved gases), allowing complete exclusion of the above-mentioned effect

Graduated return to play guidance following COVID-19 infection

The COVID­19 pandemic has affected all inhabitants of the planet, of all ages and professions, including professional athletes. In connection with the resumption of various sports events, it became necessary to create criteria for admitting an athlete to the training and competitive process. In the British Journal of Sports Medicine (BJSM) on February 08, 2021 the authors Niall Elliott, Rhodri Martin, Neil Heron, Jonathan Elliott, Dan Grimstead and Anita Biswas published an infographic of the stages of returning to sports activity after suffering COVID­19. An adapted translation was made by a team of authors and provided in the form of a short message for publication

Anesthesia of laboratory animals in manufacturing of diagnostic and preventive biomedicines

Preparations such as XilaVet, Zoletil 100 as well as Aeranne (Isoflurane) are successfully applied for animal anesthesia in veterinary practice. We assessed a possibility of using parenteral narcosis with Zoletil 100 in combination with muscle relaxant Xila for producer-rabbits involved in manufacturing of natural rabbit serum subsequently deployed for production of diagnostic serum and immunoglobulin preparations. Administration of preparations into auricular vein is easy to do, while animals are sedated immediately allowing for safe fixation on restraining table and causing no additional stress for biomodels. This type of narcosis provides for expected depth of anesthesia and its maintenance until the end of blood-letting procedure. Parameters characterizing the state of cardiovascular system due to anesthetic products remained within the permitted limits. These preparations do not reduce heart beat rate allowing for collecting sufficient blood volumes. Application of inhalation anesthesia with Aeranne in laboratory animals provides for the specified depth of anesthesia and its maintenance until the end of the whole procedure. However, it requires specialized equipment and highly trained personnel with appropriate skills. Usage of Xila as a mono narcosis is not recommended as exhibits weak analgesic effects and strong hypotensive activity by decreasing quantity of collected blood volume. It was found that anesthetics such as Xila, Zoletil 100, Aeranne did not affect specific activity of immune sera in case of total dehematizing procedure. Moreover, antibody titers were not declined throughout entire observation (12 months) period and complied with the requirements of regulatory documentation. In addition, a feasibility of replacing old-fashioned anesthesia method with diethyl ether for a combination of safer contemporary preparations of Zoletil 100 and Xila was demonstrated while manufacturing tableted chemical cholera vaccine in experimental series with suckling rabbits used at diverse stages of raw material verification during surgical interventions. Xila, Zoletil 100, and Aeranne examined by us had no impact on the amount of blood obtained from donor-animals, immunological properties of the sera and ready-to-use diagnostic preparations. Such drugs were safe for all-age animals that comply with the requirements to anesthesia of animal biomodels and producer-animals in manufacturing of immunobiological preparations. Thus, our study allowed to conduct experiments with laboratory animals in a more humane manner

Risk of Developing Severe Alimentary-Constitutional Obesity and Metabolic Disorders: Interventional Comparative Study

Background. The relevance of alimentary-constitutional obesity, especially its severe forms, is associated with a number of metabolic disorders, subsequently leading to serious chronic noncommunicable diseases.Objective. To identify factors that increase the risk of severe alimentary-constitutional obesity and metabolic disorders.Methods. A follow-up group of 426 patients aged 18 to 65 years was formed among those seeking help from an endocrinologist for overweight or obesity. The diagnosis of alimentary-constitutional obesity was confirmed at the initial examination in the outpatient clinic setting. Depending on the severity of obesity and the type of fat deposition according to anthropometric data (body mass index, waist circumference), the study participants were ratified into two study groups. The research was conducted between 2010 and 2017 in outpatient settings and was based on a cross-sectional comparative study. In order to assess the risk of severe obesity and factors associated with it, the authors studied medical history data, results of physical examination, including blood pressure level, laboratory examination with analysis of carbohydrate, fat metabolism and liver function, assessed eating behaviour, and performed diagnosis of anxiety-depressive disorder. Statistical analysis of the results was carried out using Statistica 10 (StatSoft, USA).Results. Women are more likely to see an endocrinologist with less severe obesity than men. Severe obesity risk is higher in middle-aged and elderly people, as well as in hereditary tainted patients and those having a history of obesity for more than 10 years. Severe obesity itself is a significant risk for metabolic events, with a 4-fold higher risk of hyperglycaemia and hypercholesterolaemia (due to very low density lipoproteins) and a 5-fold higher risk of hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance.Conclusion. Analysis of severe obesity risks has shown that earlier personal commitment to a healthy lifestyle is essential for weight loss and subsequent improvement of metabolic parameters, particularly in men and those aged 45 years or older

Physics and Chemistry of the Hydrogen Fluoride Production Process from Fluorine Containing Waste

The impact of the aluminum industry wastes on the environment is established. The resource efficient method of aluminum industry fluorine-containing wastes processing, which includes wastes oxidizing roasting to remove carbon component and the interaction of fluorine- containing particles with sulfuric acid in order to produce hydrogen fluoride, is considered. The economic and environmental effect of the proposed processing method is substantiated

Assessment of serological tests for antibodies to different antigens of the SARS-CoV-2 virus: comparison of six immunoassays

The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has become a global challenge to medicine and, in particular, laboratory diagnostics. The study of the antibodies’ level to SARS-CoV-2 can be used as a confirmation test in the diagnosis of a disease, but it becomes of paramount importance in assessing population immunity resulting from a disease or vaccination, as well as in selection of convalescent plasma donors. The kits developed in our country and abroad for detecting antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 virus differ both in the methods of testing and in the used coronavirus antigens to which the antibodies are directed. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of five kits for the detection of IgG antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, based on different diagnostic methods. Serum samples from 137 COVID-19 convalescents and 166 donors of blood and its components were examined. The control group consisted of 50 blood sera collected at the beginning of 2019 and 19 sera collected in 2018 (before the advent of the SARS-CoV-2 virus) and stored at -70 °C. Testing was carried out in analytical systems: rapid test “COVID-19 IgM/IgG Rapid Test (Colloidal Gold)” (China), on an automatic immunochemical analyzer Abbott Architect™ i2000 and kit “SARS-CoV2-IgG” (Abbot, Chicago , IL USA), by the chemiluminescence method using an automatic analyzer of the CL series and kits of the “Mindray” company (China) “SARS-CoV-2 IgM” and “SARS-CoV-2 IgG” and by the enzyme immunoassay method on the kits of the companies “Diagnostic Systems” Ltd (Russia, Nizhny Novgorod) “DS-IFA-ANTI-SARS-CoV-2-G”, “Xema” Ltd (Federal State Budgetary Institution “National Medical Research Center of Hematology” of the Ministry of Health of Russia) “SARS-CoV-2-IgG-IFA” and “Vector-Best” CJSC (Russia, Novosibirsk)” SARS-COV-2-IgM-IFA-BEST” and “SARS-COV-2-IgG-IFABEST”. When comparing the results of testing 137 plasma samples on the Vector-Best and Mindray kits for IgG antibodies, 127 samples were positive, 7 samples were negative on both kits, the discrepancy was 2.2%. In the study of IgM antibodies, 32.1% were positive, and 52.6% were negative in both kits. The discrepancy rate was 15.3%. Out of 166 samples, 1 serum (0.6%) was negative in 5 kits. On the Mindray kit, IgG antibodies to the antigens of the SARS-CoV-2 virus were detected in 165 samples (99.4%), on Vector-Best – in 164 sera (98.8%), on Diagnostic systems – in 151 (90.96%), on Xema – in 154 (92.8%), and on Abbott – in 155 samples (93.4%). At the same time, 135 (81.33%) samples were positive in all kits, while 30 samples had discordant results (18.07%), and in 9 sera, specific IgG was not detected in 2 or more kits. ROC analysis revealed a high diagnostic value of all tested kits (AUC from 0.908 to 0.998), which indicates a high quality of the separation model of positive and negative samples (p < 0.001). With the cut-off set by the manufacturers, the sensitivity and specificity ranged from 82.8% and 93.3% for the Diagnostic Systems kit to 99.4% and 95.8% for the VectorBest kit. The calculated correlation coefficients were higher between kits with a similar composition of the antigen used in the kits; therefore, it is better to monitor the dynamics of antibodies by diagnostic kits from the same manufacturer

Оценка качества тресты при раздельной технологии уборки льна-долгунца

The paper explores the technological aspects and methods involved in the preparation of flax straw within the framework of separate fiber flax harvesting technology. This particular technology allows for the prolonged maturation of seeds in the field. The study demonstrates that during the process of seasoning flax straw in the form of unprocessed stem ribbons, the seeds within the capsules undergo natural drying and ripening. This approach enables a reduction in fuel consumption compared to the traditional scheme while obtaining high-quality fiber and seeds suitable for sowing. (Research purpose) The objective of this study is to assess the quality of raw flax during the stage of straw flax preparation. (Materials and methods) The study investigates the processes and technical units involved in fiber flax harvesting, adhering to regulatory guidelines during the stages of stem pulling, seasoning, turning, picking, and processing are thoroughly examined. (Results and discussion) The research results have revealed the indicators for biological productivity of straw and seeds during the process of straw flax preparation. Under different seeding rates, the yield of straw flax ranges from 23.1 to 24.8 centners per hectare during a 14-day seasoning period and from 20.8 to 22.2 centners per hectare on the 21st day. These findings demonstrate that the average yield under various harvesting conditions is 20-30 centners per hectare. The flaxseed yield, ranging from 2.9 to 4.1 centners per hectare at different maturation periods, can be considered satisfactory. Furthermore, it was observed that the elongation of the flax ribbon increases after turning, compared to its initial state, when the combine speed is 5.3 and 7.8 kilometers per hour, remaining within the acceptable limits. However, at a speed of 9.6 kilometers per hour, there was a violation of agrotechnical requirements. (Conclusions) The separate harvesting of flax has proven to be effective during a three-week period of raw flax seasoning. It is important to note that when turning unprocessed flax ribbons, the working speed should not exceed 9 kilometers per hour.Рассмотрели технологические аспекты и приемы приготовления льняной тресты при раздельном способе уборки льна-долгунца. Данная технология позволяет продлить созревание семян на корню. Показали, что за время вылежки льносоломы в виде лент неочесанных стеблей семена в коробочках подсыхают и дозревают естественным образом. Это позволяет снизить расход топливных ресурсов в сравнении с традиционной схемой, получить качественное волокно и пригодные для посева семена. (Цель исследования) Оценить качество льносырья на этапе приготовления тресты. (Материалы и методы) Изучили процессы и технические средства при уборке льна-долгунца в соответствии с нормативной документацией на этапах выдергивания, вылежки, оборачивания, подбора и очесывания стеблей. (Результаты и обсуждение) Определены показатели биологической урожайности тресты и семян в процессе приготовления льнотресты. При различной норме высева семян урожайность тресты достигала 23,1-24,8 центнера на 1 гектар и сроке вылежки 14 дней, а также 20,8-22,2 центнера на 1 гектар на 21-й день. Согласно исследованиям средняя урожайность при различных условиях уборки составляет 20-30 центнеров с 1 гектара. Урожайность льносемян от 2,9 до 4,1 центнера с 1 гектара при разных сроках вылежки можно считать вполне допустимой. Растянутость ленты после оборачивания возрастала по сравнению с исходной при скорости комбайна 5,3 и 7,8 километра в 1 час, не превышая допустимого значения. При скорости 9,6 километра в 1 час агротехнические требования нарушались. (Выводы) Раздельная уборка льна эффективна при вылежке льносырья в течение трех недель. При оборачивании неочесанных лент рабочая скорость не должна превышать 9 километров в 1 час