Study of lipid and non-lipid effects of statins in hypertensive patients

Background: Hypertension is one of the commonest diseases affecting the mankind which is associated with endothelial dysfunction and left ventricular dysfunction and hence the study is aimed to observe the effects of statins on endothelial and left ventricular dysfunction.Methods: 15 hypertensive patients were given atorvastatin for 4 weeks and compared with sex and aged matched 15 controls after a detailed Clinical history, clinical examination, biochemical investigations, chest X-ray, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram and Doppler study of brachial artery.Results: Both study group and control group consisted of 10 males and 5 females who have dyslipidemia, endothelial and ventricular dysfunction. After a 4 weeks of study, in study group, flow mediated brachial artery diameter (FMD%) increased significantly (11.39%, P<0.01) from 7.37% to 18.76%, mean LV systolic function (EF) improved significantly (10.73%, P:<0.01) from 54.6% to 60.65%, LV diastolic function was normalized in 7 (46.67%) and improved in 5 (33.33%) patients, the mean systolic and diastolic BP decreased significantly (12.03%, P<0.01, 10.29%, P<0.01) from 149.66mmHg to 131.66mmHg and from 90.66mmHg to 81.33mmHg respectively, while in control group FMD increased marginally (1.07%) from 7.50% to 8.57%, LV EF marginally improved (1.47%) to 54.86% from 54.06%; no improvement in diastolic dysfunction, mean systolic and diastolic BP decreased marginally (6.25%, 0.74%) from 149.33 mmHg to 140mmHg and from 90.33mmHg to 89.66mmHg respectively.Conclusions: Statins improve not only lipid profile but also endothelial and LV functions which resulted in significant reduction of systolic and diastolic BP. Hence it is reasonable to treat all hypertensive patients with statins besides concurrent hypertension treatment

Study of glycemic response of oral anti-diabetic drugs in type 2 diabetic patients

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common non-communicable diseases associated with short term and long term avoidable complications. The treatment of T2DM often is initiated with monotherapy of oral antidiabetic drugs, which often do not decrease the plasma sugar levels effectively and consistently that will reduce the complications associated with T2DM. Hence the current study is aimed to determine the effectiveness of commonly available and affordable oral anti-diabetic drugs (OADs) in type 2 diabetic patients.Methods: This study consisted of 210 T2 Diabetic patients, 120 males and 90 females with a mean age of 50.93yrs were divided equally into six groups with equal number of males and females in each group depending upon the OADs they received in solo or in combination for 24weeks. After the written consent, a detail Clinical history, Clinical examination, Biochemical investigations including, Fasting plasma sugar (FPS), Post prandial sugar (PPS), Glycosylated heamoglobin (HBA1c), serum Creatinine, serum Electrolytes, Chest X-ray PA view and standard ECG were done. Repeat FPS, PPS and HBA1c were done after 4, 12 and 24weeks of study.Results: After 4 weeks, FPS, PPS decreased significantly in combination therapy (p <0.05), while after 12weeks and 24weeks of study, FPS, PPS and HBA1c decreased significantly (p <0.01 to p <0.001 in both monotherapy and in combination therapy. Non-diabetic levels of plasma sugars were obtained in 25-45% with monotherapy and 37-57% in combination therapy. Metformin was an effective monotherapy to initiate treatment of T2DM, but eventually combination therapy was required in most of the patients. The combinations of metformin-teneligliptin and metformin-glimepiride were found to be most effective because of their favourable pharmacokinetic characters and complementary pharmcodynamic effects.Conclusions: OADs are affordable, effective hypoglycemic agents to initiate treatment as monotherapy and for subsequent treatment as combination therapy for T2DM

Study of lipid lowering effects of oral antidiabetic drugs in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common non-communicable diseases associated with ‘atherogenic dyslipidemia’ The treatment of T2DM often is initiated with oral antidiabetic drugs, most of which not only decrease blood sugar levels effectively but also decrease the lipid levels. Hence the current study is aimed to determine the effectiveness of oral hypoglycemic agents in dealing with associated dyslipidemia.Methods: 150 T2DM patients were divided equally into five groups depending upon the oral antidiabetic drugs they received in solo or in combination for 24 weeks, with equal number of males and females in each group. After the written consent, a detail clinical history, clinical examination, Biochemical investigations including, glycosylated haemoglobin and lipid profile, chest X-ray and ECG were done.Results: After 24 weeks of study, the mean total cholesterol and mean triglycerides decreased significantly (p <0.05 to p <0.01) with monotherapy of metformin and teneligliptin as well as with combination of either metformin and glimepiride or metformin and teneligliptin. The decrease of LDL-C and VLDL-C was not statistically significant with any of the OAD drugs in solo or in combination. Similarly, HDL-C increased significantly (p <0.05) in Group I, III, IV and V; but was most effective with combination therapy. The atherogenic index of plasma also decreased (p <0.05) with metformin or its combination with either teneligliptin or glimepiride.Conclusions: Oral antidiabetic drugs are not only affordable and effective hypoglycemic agents but can also decrease serum lipids and thereby aids in the prevention and management of atherosclerosis and its complications in T2DM

Studies on Silvi-pasture Systems for Intensive Fodder Production

Silvi-pastoral system with suitable species of trees and grasses help in increasing the land productivity and also maintain environmental potentialities. Moreover, deep root system of trees bind the soil, reduces erosion and extracts moisture from deeper strata of the soil. The effects of tree species on associated crops in agro forestry system are not consistent. The association of cereal and legume forages not only maintains similar level of herbage yield but also nearly doubles the crude protein production. Study of the right combination of tree species and associated crop in agro forestry for this region is the need of the hour. However, meager information is available on silvi pastoral systems with different grass legume components, hence present investigation was undertaken

Assessment of Fodder Production Potential of Lucerne (\u3cem\u3eMedicago sativa\u3c/em\u3e L.) Genotypes for Sustainable Live Stock Production

Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) is a temperate perennial legume capable of producing high quality forage throughout the year. The plant also contains sufficient concentrations of vitamins and most minerals for all classes of livestock. Livestock production can be substantially increased by using lucerne. It is a persistent, productive as well as heat and drought resistant crop which provides better and wet seasons. It tolerates short spell of drought but not water logging and high humidity in the rainy season. Cultivated lucerne is an out crossing auto- tetraploid plant developed by combining different M. sativa and M. falcate germplasm sources in order to maximize heterosis and to secure multiple pest resistance (Gherardi et al., 1998)

Adenosarcoma of uterus in mother and mucinous carcinoma of breast in daughter: a rare case study

Adenosarcoma is an infrequent malignancy which consists of benign glandular epithelium and malignant mesenchymal component. We report a 63-year-old woman diagnosed with adenosarcoma with sarcomatous overgrowth of the uterine corpus, with history of mucinous carcinoma of the breast in her daughter. Although endometrial and breast cancers share few similar hormonal, reproductive and genetic risk factors, the association of endometrial cancer with breast carcinoma is not well established. 63 years old, P4L4, postmenopausal lady presented to our hospital with post-menopausal spotting, foul smelling vaginal discharge and pain abdomen for 1 week. After evaluation she underwent total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oopherectomy. Intraoperatively, a pedunculated fundal polyp measuring 6×7 cm distending the uterine cavity was noted. Post-operative histopathology examination was reported as adenosarcoma with sarcomatoid overgrowth of the uterine cavity. Immunohistochemistry revealed CK7 (epithelium (+), Vimentin (+), cluster of differentiation 10 (CD10) (+) and, Wilms tumor 1 (-). The possible association between these two conditions, adenosarcoma of uterus in mother and mucinous carcinoma of breast in daughter is explored and presented in this case report

Yield and Quality of Dual Purpose Sorghum-Fodder Cowpea Cropping System as Influenced by Integrated Nutrient Management

Integrated nutrient management in cropping system ensures higher fertilizer use efficiency through balanced combination of organic manures and chemical fertilizers. INM is required to stimulate sustainability in production of crops in cropping sequence. Sorghum is commonly grown for grain and fodder in different agro-climatic regions of Andhra Pradesh. The crop can be grown both in kharif and rabi season. In our country, sorghum provides a cheap source of dietary carbohydrate and energy. Sorghum is a C4 plant species however grain and fodder yields are low mainly because of low inputs. Since it is not precisely known that what would be the most advantageous combination of organic manure and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer to get maximum yield from sorghum crop, this experiment was formulated. Fodder cowpea is also included as rabi crop to quantify residual effect of nutrients in the system

Evaluation of Grasslands of Mahboobnagar District, Telangana State

Telangana state is gifted with rich livestock resources; 50.3 lakh cattle, 41.9 lakh buffaloes, 128.7 lakh sheep and 46.7 lakh goats ( Livestock census, 2012).The district of Mahboobnagar in this newly formed State is known for its huge cattle, sheep and goat population. The district ranks first in sheep (37, 30,689) and goat (6, 87,066) population among all districts of state, though ranks second and sixth in cattle and buffalo population, respectively (Live stock census, 2012). The most common sources of fodder to feed these livestock are crop residues (68%), forages from common property resources (CPRs) like forests, pastures and grazing lands (25%), cultivated fodders (3%) and other feeds such as concentrates etc contributes 4%. Though the area under fodder crops is significantly high in this district (24,153 ha), there is a wide gap between the demand and supply. The cultivated forage crops are fed inevitable to cattle while sheep and goat are often fed exclusively by grazing. Owing to \u3c 700 mm annual rainfall and aberrations in climate, the area under natural pastures and grasslands is shrinking; is just 17,560 ha population (LUP Report, 201314) which seldom supports huge sheep and goat. There is a need to identify and evaluate these grasslands for forage quality as these are the only source of fodder for sheep and goat in the district. Hence, a survey had been taken up to document the various plant species under grasslands along with nutritional evaluation

Efficient handling of Big Data Analytics in Densely Distributed Sensor Networks

Abstract The elaboration of wireless sensor networks has reached a point where each specific node of a network may store and convey a massive amount of (sensor-based information at once or terminated time). Hence in the forthcoming future, densely linked, enormously dynamic distributed sensor networks such as vehicle-2-vehicle communication setups may hold even greater knowledge potency. This is often due to the increase in node complexity. Subsequently, data volumes will become a problem for traditional data aggregation strategies traffic-wise as well as with regard to energy efficiency. For that reason, in this paper we suggest to call such scenarios as big data scenarios, they pose similar questions and problems as traditional big data concepts and granting the major focus mostly on business intelligence difficulties. Consequently our scheme would be propose an aggregation strategy tied to technological prerequisites which enable the efficient use of energy and the handling of large data volumes in an open source Hadoop frameworks with single/multi clustered architectures. Together with, we demonstrate the energy conservation potential based on experiments with actual sensor platforms in a distributed context

A first low-molar-mass, monodispersive, bent-rod dimer exhibiting biaxial nematic and smectic A phases

A "peelable banana" is formed when a bent-core molecule is linked to a rodlike mesogen through a flexible aliphatic spacer. This is an appropriate description of this novel low-molar-mass organic system, which displays a transition from a biaxial nematic (Nb) phase to a biaxial smectic A phase. The illustration gives a schematic representation of the dimeric molecules in the Nb phase as well as the corresponding textural and conoscopic patterns obtained