Two ideals connected with strong right upper porosity at a point

Let $SP$ be the set of upper strongly porous at $0$ subsets of $\mathbb R^{+}$ and let $\hat I(SP)$ be the intersection of maximal ideals $I \subseteq SP$. Some characteristic properties of sets $E\in\hat I(SP)$ are obtained. It is shown that the ideal generated by the so-called completely strongly porous at $0$ subsets of $\mathbb R^{+}$ is a proper subideal of $\hat I(SP).$Comment: 18 page

Metrology For Advanced Manufacturing – The Networking Project AdvManuNet

Advanced Manufacturing is a branch of manufacturing that is considered an important driver for future economic and societal progress. The European Commission (EC) has identified Advanced Manufacturing as one of six Key Enabling Technologies (KETs) with applications across multiple industrial sectors. The networking project JNP19Net01 AdvManuNet funded by EURAMET for four years starting in June 2020 aims to accelerate the process of establishing a European Metrology Network (EMN) to strengthen Europe’s position in Advanced Manufacturing. The consortium to deliver this project comprises National Metrological Institutes (PTB, NPL, INRIM, RISE, CMI, METAS, TUBITAK, GUM), Designated Institutes (BAM), University partners (Politecnico di Torino) and the European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology (euspen) from across Europe

TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access

Plant traits—the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants—determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait‐based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits—almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives

TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access

Plant traits - the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants - determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait‐based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits - almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives

Scaling slowly rotating asteroids with stellar occultations

Context. As evidenced by recent survey results, the majority of asteroids are slow rotators (spin periods longer than 12 h), but lack spin and shape models because of selection bias. This bias is skewing our overall understanding of the spins, shapes, and sizes of asteroids, as well as of their other properties. Also, diameter determinations for large (>60 km) and medium-sized asteroids (between 30 and 60 km) often vary by over 30% for multiple reasons. Aims. Our long-term project is focused on a few tens of slow rotators with periods of up to 60 h. We aim to obtain their full light curves and reconstruct their spins and shapes. We also precisely scale the models, typically with an accuracy of a few percent. Methods. We used wide sets of dense light curves for spin and shape reconstructions via light-curve inversion. Precisely scaling them with thermal data was not possible here because of poor infrared datasets: large bodies tend to saturate in WISE mission detectors. Therefore, we recently also launched a special campaign among stellar occultation observers, both in order to scale these models and to verify the shape solutions, often allowing us to break the mirror pole ambiguity. Results. The presented scheme resulted in shape models for 16 slow rotators, most of them for the first time. Fitting them to chords from stellar occultation timings resolved previous inconsistencies in size determinations. For around half of the targets, this fitting also allowed us to identify a clearly preferred pole solution from the pair of two mirror pole solutions, thus removing the ambiguity inherent to light-curve inversion. We also address the influence of the uncertainty of the shape models on the derived diameters. Conclusions. Overall, our project has already provided reliable models for around 50 slow rotators. Such well-determined and scaled asteroid shapes will, for example, constitute a solid basis for precise density determinations when coupled with mass information. Spin and shape models in general continue to fill the gaps caused by various biases

Dynamics of Calcaemia, Phosphoraemia and Magnesaemia at Different Prepartal Intakes of Calcium in Dairy Cows

The objective of this study was to compare the efficiency of high and low Ca intake in cows with analytically defined levels of calcaemia, phosphoraemia and magnesaemia in the prepartal period, on their postpartal changes important for the diagnosis of postpartal diseases. In dairy cows (Czech Pied cattle) receiving a winter feed ration, the prepartal intake of Ca was adjusted from day 241 of pregnancy to 80% in group A (n = 15) and to 160% of the standard in group B (n = 9). In both groups the concentrations of Ca, P and Mg in blood serum were measured at the beginning of experimental diets, on day 12 before the expected parturition, and on days 1, 2, 3 and 4 after parturition. At the beginning of the experiment (42 days before parturition) the value of calcaemia was 1.82 ± 0.10 mmol l-1, phosphoraemia 1.61 ± 0.37 mmol l-1 and magnesaemia 0.74 ± 0.6 mmol l-1 of blood serum. After the 30-day feeding of experimental diet (day 12 before the expected parturition) higher hypocalcaemia was recorded in group A persisting to day 3 post partum. Phosphoraemia and magnesaemia were at the lower limit of reference values only from day 12 before the expected parturition to day 4 post partum. In group A three cows became recumbent until day 3 post partum with a decrease in magnesaemia below 0.5 mmol l-1. Phosphoraemia and magnesaemia were at the lower limit of reference values only from day 12 before the expected parturition to day 4 post partum. In group A three cows became downed until day 3 post partum with a decrease in magnesaemia below 0.5 mmol l-1. In group B with 160% intake of Ca, 12 days before the expected parturition calcaemia amounted to 2.20 ± 0.27 mmol l-1 and hypocalcaemia ranging from 1.60 ± 0.45 to 1.80 ± 0.26 mmol l-1 of blood serum persisted from day 1 to day 4 post partum. The average level of phosphoraemia in group B was maintained above 1.80 mmol l-1 and magnesaemia was within the range of 0.93 - 1.21 mmol l-1 of blood serum. The results of the nutrition experiment document that for the prepartal adjustment of Ca intake aimed at a reduction in the incidence of the postpartal downer cow syndrome, it is necessary to determine calcaemia, phosphoraemia and magnesaemia in late-pregnant cows. In hypocalcaemia, hypophosphoraemia and especially hypomagnesaemia the prepartal diet with 80% coverage of Ca need leads to a higher risk of the downer cow syndrome accompanied by higher hypomagnesaemia