Intershock observations during STIP intervals 17 and 18

The Prognoz-10/Intercosmos satellite (Intershock Project) carried out observations from Earth orbit from 26 April 1985 until 11 November 1985, covering STIP Intervals XVII and XVIII. Data obtained during the systematic measurements in the course of STIP Interval XVII and part of XVIII are presented; i.e., hourly averages of the solar wind velocity, temperature and ion concentration, ion flux changes (10 to the -1 to 10 to the -3 Hz), plasma wave parameters, energetic particles flux, magnetic fields, etc. Special attention is paid to solar wind distrubances causing abrupt and large effects on the shape of the bow shock (i.e., on 2 May 1985 and 14 September 1985). Generally, the observation period was very close to a minimum of solar activity and was quiet without significant interplanetary shocks

Common genetic variants in the CLDN2 and PRSS1-PRSS2 loci alter risk for alcohol-related and sporadic pancreatitis

Pancreatitis is a complex, progressively destructive inflammatory disorder. Alcohol was long thought to be the primary causative agent, but genetic contributions have been of interest since the discovery that rare PRSS1, CFTR, and SPINK1 variants were associated with pancreatitis risk. We now report two significant genome-wide associations identified and replicated at PRSS1-PRSS2 (1×10-12) and x-linked CLDN2 (p < 1×10-21) through a two-stage genome-wide study (Stage 1, 676 cases and 4507 controls; Stage 2, 910 cases and 4170 controls). The PRSS1 variant affects susceptibility by altering expression of the primary trypsinogen gene. The CLDN2 risk allele is associated with atypical localization of claudin-2 in pancreatic acinar cells. The homozygous (or hemizygous male) CLDN2 genotype confers the greatest risk, and its alleles interact with alcohol consumption to amplify risk. These results could partially explain the high frequency of alcohol-related pancreatitis in men – male hemizygous frequency is 0.26, female homozygote is 0.07

ЕФЕКТИ ПРОСТОРОВОГО ЗАРЯДУ ТА ФОРМА КРИВИХ НЕСТАЦІОНАРНОГО ФОТОСТРУМУ В ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАХ ПО ВИМІРЮВАННЮ ДРЕЙФОВОЇ РУХЛИВОСТ

Transient photoconductivity technique (realized via conventional electrodes time-of-flight experiments) is used to probe the existence and/or formation of bulk space charge in pure amorphous selenium (a-Se) and alloyed with branching additives. The compositions studied are shown to be extremely suitable for such a purposes due to relatively well-defined signal shape and long carrier lifetime. It is observed that band gap irradiation of photoconductors mentioned results in a formation of bulk space charge. The spatial distribution of the space charge density.Рассмотрены аналитический метод расчета распределения пространственного заряда для высокоомных аморфных фотопроводников. Метод основан на анализе формы переходного фототока часопрольотних измерений. Апробация данного способа проведена на примере фотоиндуцированных эффектов, что происходят в аморфных селенидах. Указано преимущества и отдельные недостатки такого способа определения профиля пространственного заряда.Розглянуто аналітичний метод розрахунку розподілу просторового зарядудля високоомних аморфних фотопровідників. Метод базується на аналізіформи перехідного фотоструму часопрольотних вимірів. Апробаціязазначеного способу проведена на прикладі фотоіндукованих ефектів, щовідбуваться в аморфних селенідах. Вказано переваги та окремі недоліки такогоспособу визначення профілю просторового заряду