INVESTMENT PROGRAM OF POWER GRID COM PANIES: CHECK ALL CAN NOT BE SELECTED

Starting in 2017, the carrying out of technological and price audit of investment programs (projects of investment programs) and reports on their implementation has been secured as the necessary measures for the electric grid companies of Russia in the framework of approval procedures and approval of investment programs and oversee their implementation.Realization of technological and price audit requires to review large set of information in short period of time, which is limited by investment program validation procedures. Forming representative sample (which describes general population accurately) as an object of analysis could increase audit efficiency. The approach shown in the article is based on mathematical methods of analysis.On the example of the project of the investment program of PJSC "MOESK" the authors made an attempt to apply the described technique. This technique made it possible to perform the main task - the formation of a sample of investment projects, which allows without loss of quality and complexity of the investment program materials to preserve the validity and objectivity of the formed conclusion based on the results of technological and price audit

Пробоподготовка чернил синих шариковых ручек для определения состава красящих компонентов методом ОФ ВЭЖХ

The paper presents various theoretical and practical aspects of sample preparation of blue ballpoint pen ink applied on paper for subsequent quantitative analysis using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP HPLC). Estimation of analytical characteristics of a variant of cutting out a paper fragment containing applied ink for reproducibility of analysis results is discussed; composition of the extraction system and extraction conditions were evaluated. Qualitative and quantitative characterization of the extracts was performed by RP HPLC with the diode array detection. Using a scalpel as a tool for cutting out sample fragments and an acidified mixture of solvents as an extractant with performing extraction in an ultrasonic bath at the room temperature for 2 minutes is recommended. It was shown that the influence of different degree of pressure on a ballpoint pen when applying ink to the paper can be minimized by using normalized peak areas of individual dyes. The proposed sample preparation conditions were tested when studying the processes of changes in the composition of applied ink during artificial aging under the influence of constant ultraviolet (UV) irradiation.Keywords: liquid-liquid extraction, sample preparation, ink analysis, triarylmethane dyes, forensic scienceВ работе представлены различные теоретические и практические аспекты пробоподготовки нанесенных на бумагу чернил синих шариковых ручек для последующего количественного анализа методом обращенно-фазовой высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии (ОФ ВЭЖХ). Обсуждаются оценочные аналитические характеристики варианта такого способа, как вырезание бумажного фрагмента, содержащего нанесенные чернила, на повторяемость результатов анализа; осуществлен поиск состава экстрагирующей системы и условий экстракции. Качественную и количественную характеризацию экстрактов проводили методом ОФ ВЭЖХ с диодно-матричным детектированием. Рекомендовано использование скальпеля в качестве инструмента вырезания бумажных фрагментов с нанесенным образцом, в качестве экстрагента — подкисленной смеси растворителей, а также проведение экстракции в УЗ ванне при комнатной температуре в течении 2 мин. Показано, что влияние различной степени нажима на шариковую ручку при нанесении чернил на бумагу можно нивелировать использованием нормированных площадей пиков индивидуальных красителей. Предложенные условия пробоподготовки апробированы при изучении процессов изменения состава нанесенных чернил в процессе искусственного старения под воздействием постоянного ультрафиолетового (УФ) облучения.Ключевые слова: жидкостная экстракция, пробоподготовка, анализ чернил, триарилметановые красители, криминалистик

The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the professional activities and health of ophthalmologists in the Russian Federation. Results of an online survey

Purpose. To study the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the professional activities and health of ophthalmologists in the Russian Federation.Material and methods. The All-Russian online survey of ophthalmologists «Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the professional activity, lifestyle and health of ophthalmologists in the Russian Federation» was conducted. The results are presented as a percentage of those respondents who are engaged in the relevant activity.Results. The survey involved 582 ophthalmologists from various regions of Russia. In April 2020 (in the first month of non-working days throughout the Russian Federation), the work load as a whole became less than usual for 54.8% of respondents. In addition, 18.4% of respondents stated that they did not work during the entire April 2020.The number of face-to-face consultations decreased in 74.3% of the surveyed ophthalmologists. The number of telemedicine consultations decreased in 27.0% of respondents, and increased in 34.1%. The number of emergency and urgent surgery decreased in 25.0% of respondents, and increased in 23.2%. The number of planned surgery decreased in 80.4% of respondents. 23.9% of respondents began to provide medical care in an additional and new profile of ophthalmological care (which they do not usually do).Salaries in April 2020 decreased for 66.7% of respondents, in August 2020 – in 41.4% of respondents.Ophthalmologists have become more engaged in the study of professional literature on ophthalmology and coronavirus, as well as writing scientific products (articles, patents, etc.), preparing reports and presenting them.In 57.8% of cases of infection of ophthalmologists with COVID-19 was associated with their professional activities and 37.3% of infection with an ophthalmic patient. In 83.3% of cases, ophthalmologists were treated for COVID-19 on an outpatient, in 16.7% of cases – in an inpatient. In 66.7% of cases the health status of ophthalmologists after the coronavirus infection COVID-19 was poor.Conclusion. The COVID-19 pandemic had negative impact on the professional activity and health of ophthalmologists in the Russian Federation

A quantum fluid of metallic hydrogen suggested by first-principles calculations

It is generally assumed that solid hydrogen will transform into a metallic alkali-like crystal at sufficiently high pressure. However, some theoretical models have also suggested that compressed hydrogen may form an unusual two-component (protons and electrons) metallic fluid at low temperature, or possibly even a zero-temperature liquid ground state. The existence of these new states of matter is conditional on the presence of a maximum in the melting temperature versus pressure curve (the 'melt line'). Previous measurements of the hydrogen melt line up to pressures of 44 GPa have led to controversial conclusions regarding the existence of this maximum. Here we report ab initio calculations that establish the melt line up to 200 GPa. We predict that subtle changes in the intermolecular interactions lead to a decline of the melt line above 90 GPa. The implication is that as solid molecular hydrogen is compressed, it transforms into a low-temperature quantum fluid before becoming a monatomic crystal. The emerging low-temperature phase diagram of hydrogen and its isotopes bears analogies with the familiar phases of 3He and 4He, the only known zero-temperature liquids, but the long-range Coulombic interactions and the large component mass ratio present in hydrogen would ensure dramatically different propertiesComment: See related paper: cond-mat/041040

Sample preparation of blue ballpoint pen ink for determining the composition of color components by RP HPLC method

В работе представлены различные теоретические и практические аспекты пробоподготовки нанесенных на бумагу чернил синих шариковых ручек для последующего количественного анализа методом обращенно-фазовой высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии (ОФ ВЭЖХ). Обсуждаются оценочные аналитические характеристики варианта такого способа, как вырезание бумажного фрагмента, содержащего нанесенные чернила, на повторяемость результатов анализа; осуществлен поиск состава экстрагирующей системы и условий экстракции. Качественную и количественную характеризацию экстрактов проводили методом ОФ ВЭЖХ с диодно-матричным детектированием. Рекомендовано использование скальпеля в качестве инструмента вырезания бумажных фрагментов с нанесенным образцом, в качестве экстрагента — подкисленной смеси растворителей, а также проведение экстракции в УЗ ванне при комнатной температуре в течении 2 мин. Показано, что влияние различной степени нажима на шариковую ручку при нанесении чернил на бумагу можно нивелировать использованием нормированных площадей пиков индивидуальных красителей. Предложенные условия пробоподготовки апробированы при изучении процессов изменения состава нанесенных чернил в процессе искусственного старения под воздействием постоянного ультрафиолетового (УФ) облучения.The paper presents various theoretical and practical aspects of sample preparation of blue ballpoint pen ink applied on paper for subsequent quantitative analysis using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP HPLC). Estimation of analytical characteristics of a variant of cutting out a paper fragment containing applied ink for reproducibility of analysis results is discussed; composition of the extraction system and extraction conditions were evaluated. Qualitative and quantitative characterization of the extracts was performed by RP HPLC with the diode array detection. Using a scalpel as a tool for cutting out sample fragments and an acidified mixture of solvents as an extractant with performing extraction in an ultrasonic bath at the room temperature for 2 minutes is recommended. It was shown that the influence of different degree of pressure on a ballpoint pen when applying ink to the paper can be minimized by using normalized peak areas of individual dyes. The proposed sample preparation conditions were tested when studying the processes of changes in the composition of applied ink during artificial aging under the influence of constant ultraviolet (UV) irradiation.Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда (грант 22-23-00577), руководитель Кравченко А.В. Авторы благодарят к.х.н. Калиничева Андрея Владимировича за помощь в планировании и реализации эксперимента по искусственному старению, а также советы при обработке данных.The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant 22-23-00590), supervisor Kravchenko A.V. The authors thank Dr. Andrey Vladimirovich Kalinichev for help in planning and performing the experiment on artificial aging, as well as for advice on data processing

ИНВЕСТПРОГРАММА СЕТЕЙ: ПРОВЕРИТЬ ВСЕ НЕЛЬЗЯ ОТОБРАТЬ

Starting in 2017, the carrying out of technological and price audit of investment programs (projects of investment programs) and reports on their implementation has been secured as the necessary measures for the electric grid companies of Russia in the framework of approval procedures and approval of investment programs and oversee their implementation.Realization of technological and price audit requires to review large set of information in short period of time, which is limited by investment program validation procedures. Forming representative sample (which describes general population accurately) as an object of analysis could increase audit efficiency. The approach shown in the article is based on mathematical methods of analysis.On the example of the project of the investment program of PJSC "MOESK" the authors made an attempt to apply the described technique. This technique made it possible to perform the main task - the formation of a sample of investment projects, which allows without loss of quality and complexity of the investment program materials to preserve the validity and objectivity of the formed conclusion based on the results of technological and price audit.Начиная с 2017 года проведение технологического и ценового аудита инвестиционных программ (проектов инвестиционных программ) и отчетов об их реализации закреплено в качестве необходимого мероприятия для электросетевых организаций России в рамках процедур согласования и утверждения инвестиционных программ и осуществления контроля за их реализацией.Проведение технологического и ценового аудита (ТЦА) предусматривает обработку большого массива информации в условиях ограниченного (процедурными сроками утверждения инвестиционных программ) временного ресурса. Для повышения эффективности процедур в качестве объекта анализа можно принять не генеральную совокупность (все проекты инвестиционной программы), а сформированную для решения данной задачи соответствующую репрезентативную выборку анализируемых объектов. Предлагается подход формирования такой выборки на основе математических методов анализа.На примере проекта инвестиционной программы ПАО «МОЭСК» авторами предпринята попытка применить предлагаемый подход. Он позволил выполнить основную задачу – формирование выборки инвестиционных проектов, позволяющей без потери качества и комплексности проработки материалов инвестиционной программы сохранить обоснованность и объективность формируемого заключения по результатам ТЦА

Massive parallel sequencing for diagnostic genetic testing of BRCA genes - A single center experience

The aim of this study was to implement massive parallel sequencing (MPS) technology in clinical genetics testing. We developed and tested an amplicon-based method for resequencing the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes on an Illumina MiSeq to identify disease-causing mutations in patients with hereditary breast or ovarian cancer (HBOC). The coding regions of BRCA1 and BRCA2 were resequenced in 96 HBOC patient DNA samples obtained from different sample types: peripheral blood leukocytes, whole blood drops dried on paper, and buccal wash epithelia. A total of 16 random DNA samples were characterized using standard Sanger sequencing and applied to optimize the variant calling process and evaluate the accuracy of the MPS-method. The best bioinformatics workflow included the filtration of variants using GATK with the following cut-offs: variant frequency > 14%, coverage ( > 25×) and presence in both the forward and reverse reads. The MPS method had 100% sensitivity and 94.4% specificity. Similar accuracy levels were achieved for DNA obtained from the different sample types. The workflow presented herein requires low amounts of DNA samples (170 ng) and is cost-effective due to the elimination of DNA and PCR product normalization steps

Циркулирующая в крови опухолевая ДНК как маркер резидуальной болезни при раке толстой кишки

Colon cancer is the 3rd most common malignant neoplasm and the 4th leading cause of mortality from them. The majority of patients are diagnosed at stages II–IV, which indicates the need for markers that can predict disease progression, especially after surgical treatment. Recently, there has been a growing interest in exploring circulating tumor DNA as a marker of residual tumor in colon cancer. In 2018, the N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology together with the Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine under the coordination of the Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks initiated a research project entitled “Development of an assay for the diagnosis of various malignant tumors and treatment efficacy monitoring based on the analysis of circulating tumor DNA from patient blood”. This article provides a theoretical background for the project and a report on its progress made so far.На рак толстой кишки приходится 3-е место по заболеваемости злокачественными новообразованиями в мире и 4-е место по смертности от них. При этом в большинстве случаях опухоль диагностируется на II–IV стадиях заболевания, что говорит о необходимости изучения маркеров прогрессирования, особенно после радикального лечения. В связи с этим в последние годы появился интерес к изучению в качестве маркера резидуальной опухоли при раке толстой кишки циркулирующей в крови опухолевой ДНК. В 2018 г. ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» совместно с ФГБУН «Институт химической биологии и фундаментальной медицины Сибирского отделения РАН» при координации ФГБУ «Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью» в рамках экспериментального государственного задания Минздрава России инициировали научно-исследовательскую работу «Разработка тест-системы для диагностики и мониторинга эффективности проводимого лечения злокачественных новообразований различной локализации на основе анализа циркулирующей в крови пациентов опухолевой ДНК». В настоящей статье описываются теоретические предпосылки к инициации данного исследования и сообщается, на каком этапе находится выполнение работы