POLYMORPHISM OF GENES RESPONSIBLE FOR THROMBOPHILIA AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THROMBOSIS IN CHILDREN

The article is devoted to the prevalence of polymorphism of genes responsible for thrombophilia among children. The study included 52 children with thrombosis and 59 children without thrombosis. Detects mutations factor V Leiden, G20210A prothrombin gene, the C677T mutation in the gene for 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and 4G/5G polymorphism of gene plasminogen activator inhibitor 1. Mutations thrombophilia markers are detected in 38 of 52 (73 %) children with thrombosis, and 36 of 59 (61 %) children without thrombosis (p=0,1). A combination of several mutations in genes had 38 of 69 (55 %) children having different polymorphisms. The highest percentage (86 %) of different combinations of mutations have children with venous thrombosis, wherein the presence of mutations in Factor V (Leiden) mutation and prothrombin gene was isolated, and in all cases with each other or combined with mutation of the MTHFR gene. The most significant in the development of thrombosis are the G20210A mutation in the prothrombin gene mutation and Leiden. An example of clinical thrombosis, the girl with the data mutations

Antibodies raised against a Sunn bug (Eurygaster integriceps Put.) recombinant protease, rGHP3p2, can inhibit gluten‐hydrolyzing activity

Sunn pest or Sunn bug, Eurygaster integriceps Put., salivary gland proteases are responsible for the deterioration of wheat flour quality during dough mixing, resulting from gluten hydrolysis. These proteases are highly heterogeneous and show low sensitivity to most types of proteinaceous inhibitors, meaning that such inhibitors cannot be used to prevent gluten damage. The present study describes the generation of a specific peptide antibody, raised against the active center of the recombinant gluten-hydrolyzing protease (GHP3). The recombinant protein, encoding two repeats of the GHP3 sequence element involved in forming the S4 pocket and binding of substrate at position P4, was designed and expressed in Escherichia coli. The antibodies raised to this recombinant protein showed inhibitory activity against the GHP3 protease. The results indicate that it is possible to design specific antibodies to inhibit wheat-bug gluten-hydrolyzing proteases

Impact of General Anesthesia and Antioxidants on Cognitive, Static and Locomotor Functions During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Aim of the study: to reduce cognitive impairment during laparoscopic cholecystectomy by perioperative administration of drugs with antihypoxic and antioxidant effects under the control of stabilography.   Materials and methods. We studied the effect of general anesthesia and antioxidants on cognitive, static and locomotor functions during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We studied 90 patients with acute calculous cholecystitis randomized into three experimental groups (n=30, each group). The control group was composed of 24 healthy individuals. Group 1 patients received no antioxidants, group 2 patients received the combination antioxidant drug (sodium fumarate+sodium chloride+potassium chloride+magnesium chloride) in the post-operative period, and group 3 patients received methylethylpyridinol. The patient groups were comparable in sex, age and type of inflammatory and destructive process in the gallbladder. Surgical intervention was performed under endotracheal anesthesia. Premedication with atropine and promedol was given, and anesthesia induction was carried out with propofol, fentanyl and suxamethonium. Sevoflurane, fentanyl andcisatracurium were employed to maintain anesthesia, analgesia and myorelaxation, respectively. The patients were examined before surgery, 24 and 48 hours after surgery. In the groups of patients who received antioxidant therapy, blood sampling for hematological and biochemical examinations was performed 30 min after the administration of antioxidants. Stabilographic studies and MoCA test (Montreal Scale) were performed before antioxidant administration prior to surgery and after surgery, on days 2 and 3.   Results. Neuropsychological testing revealed postoperative cognitive dysfunction on standard therapy which included impaired attention and concentration, executive function, memory, speech, visual constructional skills, abstract thinking, counting, and orientation (21 points on the MoCA scale versus 28–30 points for normal). We found that the pathogenetic factors of cognitive dysfunction included insufficient antioxidant protection, decreased TNF-α and elevated interleukin-18 levels along with an increased level of C-reactive protein in plasma, which manifested as activation of free-radical oxidation processes and reduced antioxidant system and performance of nonspecific resistance. Perioperative use of the combination antioxidant drug and methylethylpyridinol antioxidants reduced the frequency and severity of postoperative cognitive impairment in patients after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.   Conclusion. The most important pathogenetic factors of cognitive dysfunction after laparoscopic cholecystectomy include activation of free-radical oxidation, reduction of antioxidant defense system performance and lack of nonspecific resistance factors. Adding the combination antioxidant drug or methylethylpyridinol to the standard therapy reduces the intensity of radical oxygen species generation, maintains the antioxidant potential, activates production and secretion of nonspecific resistance factors, preventing the development and reducing the severity of cognitive disorders in the perioperative period. Neuropsychological testing and stabilographic examination allow identifying the risk of cognitive disorders in patients after laparoscopic cholecystectomy and provide a rationale for the use of antioxidant therapy for their prevention

О работе семинара «Нелинейная динамика»

В 2011—2012 годах в рамках научно-образовательного центра «Нелинейная динамика» продолжил работу научный семинар, посвященный исследованиям поведения и методам анализа динамических систем. За прошедший учебный год на нем было заслушано более тридцати сообщений по тематике исследований научно-образовательного центра. Ниже представлены тезисы наиболее интересных докладов, прозвучавших на семинаре

Влияние общей анестезии и антиоксидантов на когнитивные и стато-локомоторные функции при лапароскопической холецистэктомии

   Aim of the study: to reduce cognitive impairment during laparoscopic cholecystectomy by perioperative administration of drugs with antihypoxic and antioxidant effects under the control of stabilography.   Materials and methods. We studied the effect of general anesthesia and antioxidants on cognitive, static and locomotor functions during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We studied 90 patients with acute calculous cholecystitis randomized into three experimental groups (n=30, each group). The control group was composed of 24 healthy individuals. Group 1 patients received no antioxidants, group 2 patients received the combination antioxidant drug (sodium fumarate+sodium chloride+potassium chloride+magnesium chloride) in the post-operative period, and group 3 patients received methylethylpyridinol. The patient groups were comparable in sex, age and type of inflammatory and destructive process in the gallbladder. Surgical intervention was performed under endotracheal anesthesia. Premedication with atropine and promedol was given, and anesthesia induction was carried out with propofol, fentanyl and suxamethonium. Sevoflurane, fentanyl andcisatracurium were employed to maintain anesthesia, analgesia and myorelaxation, respectively. The patients were examined before surgery, 24 and 48 hours after surgery. In the groups of patients who received antioxidant therapy, blood sampling for hematological and biochemical examinations was performed 30 min after the administration of antioxidants. Stabilographic studies and MoCA test (Montreal Scale) were performed before antioxidant administration prior to surgery and after surgery, on days 2 and 3.   Results. Neuropsychological testing revealed postoperative cognitive dysfunction on standard therapy which included impaired attention and concentration, executive function, memory, speech, visual constructional skills, abstract thinking, counting, and orientation (21 points on the MoCA scale versus 28–30 points for normal). We found that the pathogenetic factors of cognitive dysfunction included insufficient antioxidant protection, decreased TNF-α and elevated interleukin-18 levels along with an increased level of C-reactive protein in plasma, which manifested as activation of free-radical oxidation processes and reduced antioxidant system and performance of nonspecific resistance. Perioperative use of the combination antioxidant drug and methylethylpyridinol antioxidants reduced the frequency and severity of postoperative cognitive impairment in patients after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.   Conclusion. The most important pathogenetic factors of cognitive dysfunction after laparoscopic cholecystectomy include activation of free-radical oxidation, reduction of antioxidant defense system performance and lack of nonspecific resistance factors. Adding the combination antioxidant drug or methylethylpyridinol to the standard therapy reduces the intensity of radical oxygen species generation, maintains the antioxidant potential, activates production and secretion of nonspecific resistance factors, preventing the development and reducing the severity of cognitive disorders in the perioperative period. Neuropsychological testing and stabilographic examination allow identifying the risk of cognitive disorders in patients after laparoscopic cholecystectomy and provide a rationale for the use of antioxidant therapy for their prevention.   Цель исследования. Уменьшить когнитивные нарушения при лапароскопической холецистэктомии путем периоперационного назначения препаратов, обладающих антигипоксической и антиоксидантной активностью под контролем стабилографии.   Материалы и методы. Изучили влияние общей анестезии и антиоксидантов на когнитивные и стато-локомоторные функции при лапароскопической холецистэктомии. Обследовали 90 пациентов с острым калькулезным холециститом, случайным образом разбитых на три опытные группы по 30 человек в каждой. Контрольную группу составили 24 здоровых донора. Пациентам I опытной группы антиоксиданты не назначали, пациенты II группы в послеоперационном периоде получали препарат, содержащий натрия хлорид, калия хлорид, магния хлорида гексагидрат, натрия фумарат (комбинированный антиоксидантный препарат), а пациенты III группы – метилэтилпиридинол. Группы больных были сопоставимы по полу, возрасту и формам воспалительно-деструктивного процесса в желчном пузыре. Оперативное вмешательство осуществляли под эндотрахеальным наркозом. Премедикацию выполняли с помощью атропина и промедола, а индукцию осуществляли пропофолом, фентанилом и листеноном. Анестезию поддерживали севофлюраном, аналгезию – фентанилом, миорелаксацию — нимбексом. Больных обследовали до операции, через 24 и 48 часов после операции. В группах больных, получавших антиоксидантную терапию, забор крови для гематологических и биохимических исследований проводили через 30 мин после введения антиоксидантов. Стабилографические исследования и тест МоСА (Монреальская шкала) проводили перед введением антиоксидантов до операции и после операции — на 2-е и 3-и сутки.   Результаты. С помощью нейропсихологического тестирования выявили послеоперационные когнитивные дисфункции на фоне стандартной терапии: нарушения внимания и его концентрации, исполнительной функции, памяти, речи, зрительно-конструктивных навыков, абстрактного мышления, счета и ориентации (21 балл по шкале МоСА против 28–30 баллов для нормы). Установили, что патогенетическими факторами когнитивной дисфункции является недостаточность антиоксидантной защиты, снижение содержания ФНО-α и повышение содержания интерлейкина-18 на фоне увеличенной концентрации С-реактивного белка в плазме крови, что проявляется активацией процессов свободно-радикального окисления, снижением мощности антиоксидантной системы и факторов неспецифической резистентности. Периоперационное использование антиоксидантов комбинированного антиоксидантного препарата и метилэтилпиридинола снижает частоту и степень выраженности послеоперационных когнитивных нарушений у пациентов после лапароскопической холецистэктомии.   Заключение. Важнейшими патогенетическими факторами формирования когнитивных дисфункций после лапароскопической холецистэктомии являются активация процессов свободно-радикального окисления, снижение мощности системы антиоксидантной защиты, недостаточность факторов неспецифической резистентности. Включение в стандартную терапию комбинированного антиоксидантного препарата либо метилэтилпиридинола уменьшает интенсивность образования радикальных форм кислорода, сохраняет антиоксидантный потенциал, активируют синтез и секрецию факторов неспецифической резистентности, предупреждая развитие и уменьшая выраженность когнитивных расстройств в периоперационном периоде. Нейропсихологическое тестирование и стабилографическое обследование позволяет выявлять риск развития когнитивных нарушений у пациентов после лапароскопической холецистэктомии и применять для их предупреждения антиоксидантную терапию