Marine fisheries development in Tamil Nadu

Fisheries development is governed by the stock of fishery resources, the level and types of fishing effort and the use of diversified craft and gear. The growing Importance of fishery resources and the level of their exploitation are traced in this paper. The marine capture fisheries account for a substantial proportion of the total fish production in Tamil Nadu. The present level of fish landings, their seasonal variation and the major species groups are brought out. The developmental programme aimed at increasing fish production are reviewed. The need for innovations In and diversification of fishing methods is highlighted. The Impact of investment on fish production is analysed with a time frame of ten years. Basic needs of fisher folk which have a bearing on fisheries development are identified. Technological developments made over the last decade are mentioned with a note on the extent of non-adoption of new technology and the major determinants thereof are pointed out for remedying the situation. Culture practices in suitable areas along the coasts are stressed to provide employment opportunities that step up production. Developments in the preservation and processing of the sea foods are presented and the scope for the establishment of a stable Internal and external market is explored. The state of affairs of marine or coastal fisheries management and suggestions for toning up resource management are stressed. The need for sea ranching and SCUBA diving Is Indicated. The vital feature of training and the nature and areas of extension programmes are also pointed out for ushering In speedier development of the sector

Study the Clinical Profile, Management and Outcome of the Patients with Postpartum Related Acute Renal Failure: Descriptive study

INTRODUCTION: Acute Renal Failure (ARF) may be defined as a sudden decrease in renal function which is usually reversible, over a period of several hours to days sufficient enough to result in retention of nitrogenous waste products (e.g. blood urea nitrogen [BUN] and Serum Creatinine) and failure to maintain fluid and electrolyte homeostasis in the body. Acute renal failure is the most challenging medical clinical problem when it occurs during post partum period. In recent years, the incidence of postpartum acute renal failure has decreased in developed countries but still continues to be common in developing countries. Delay in diagnosis and late referral is associated with increased mortality. ARF is usually multifactorial in postpartum period and many factors can influence the outcome of ARF All factors that can cause ARF in a nonpregnant woman can theoretically cause renal failure in a postpartum woman, including volume depletion, bleeding and sepsis. It is a rare complication of postpartum period with due to virtual disappearance of septic delivery and better puerperal care. However, the care of women diagnosed with acute renal failure is a challenge for nephrologist and his team. Pregnancy related acute renal failure is on the decline from 14.5% reported in 1987 to 4.3% in 2005 in India. The majority of pregnancy related acute renal failure cases were seen in the postpartum period around 75.61% Acute renal failure is one of the most serious complications of pregnancy. ARF that is severe enough to require dialysis is quite rare in industrialized nations; its incidence is 1:20000 or less of all gestations. These statistics show significant improvement as compared to the situation in 1950s and 1960s when as many as 22% of all cases of acute renal failure were of obstetrical origin with mortality rate ranging from 20% to 48%. This achievement in industrialized nations is most likely due to liberalization of 100% hospital delivery, improved postpartal care and better management of maternal complications potentially leading to ARF. The incidence of obstetrics related ARF in developing countries has not changed significantly. There is no such local data available in the past to compare with. Only few scanty available articles which showed postpartum related ARF. Mortality in Obstetric ARF depends on underlying renal lesion and associated complications. It is high when associated with HELLP syndrome, acute fatty liver of pregnancy, HUS, Sepsis, DIC. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: 1. To study the clinical profile of acute renal failure in postpartum period. 2. To find out the various risk factors and etiology for postpartum related ARF. 3. To study the dialysis requirement in postpartum related ARF. 4. To observe the management and outcome of the postpartum related acute renal failure patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Selection Of Subjects: All patients were referred from the Department of Obstetrics to the Department of Nephrology in Government Rajaji Hospital with deterioration of renal function following delivery. 40 patients were included in our study. Period of Study: This descriptive study was conducted on cases of postpartum related acute renal failure between September 2008 and August 2009 at the nephrology department. Inclusion Criteria: Postpartum women who were previously healthy and developed ARF were diagnosed with oliguria (Urine output 2mg %). Exclusion Criteria: 1. Evidence of renal disease prior to pregnancy (glomerulonephritis, renal insufficiency from any cause), 2. History of hypertension or diabetes before gestation, 3. History of renal stone diseases, 4. Renal scarring on ultrasonography, 5. Small size of the kidneys, 6. Elevated serum creatinine prior to gestation. Thus, women with no history of oliguria or renal disease prior to gestation, normal sized kidneys on ultrasound and no urological complications were included in the study. RESULTS: Between September 2008 and august 2009, 8672 delivery were conducted in the obstetric labour ward, among them 40 patients (0.46%) were referred to nephrology department for postpartum related acute renal failure. These patients, who were healthy previously and had developed ARF were diagnosed in oliguria (Urine output 2mg %) after delivery. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our study showed that ARF in postpartum period was mostly due to renal and pre-renal causes. Maternal mortality was the highest with multiorgan failure, sepsis, DIC, and HUS. These factors can be prevented with good antenatal care and education of the rural masses. • Pregnant women should have better obstetrical facilities. Unqualified persons handling of pregnancy and delivery should be avoided. • Promptly recognise the postpartum haemorrhage, puerperal sepsis, to institute appropriate treatment. • At or after delivery, blood loss should be replaced quickly to the point of slight over transfusion, because any haemorrhage may be underestimated. • Any patient with postpartum related ARF should be referred to higher centres as early as for prompt diagnosis and timely nephrological intervention. • Some of the problems can be managed with by judicious conservative methods, but if such an approach is unsuccessful, dialysis will be necessary. • Ideal care for women with acute renal failure in pregnancy or postpartum requires a multidisciplinary approach that may include maternal-foetal medicine, critical care medicine, nephrology, and neonatology specialities. • Postpartum related acute renal failure is a critical condition, associated with serious prognosis for both women and kidneys. So far, the most effective measures still remain the careful prevention and aggressive management of the obstetric complications. • Early reorganization of this disorder, improvement of health infra structure, antenatal health care and intensive supportive therapy, can reduce postpartum related ARF and maternal mortality

Review on cage and pen culture

The paper deals with the various aspects of work done on cage and pen culture in India and abroad The need for these types of culture techniques in India is pointed out, The history of these systems is traced and the various species of fishes used in cage and pen culture are pointed out. Since clams, windowpane oyster, edible oyster, prawns and milk fish are compatible species, they are ideal for culturing together. The different factors governing the success of intensive culture are presented, The kinds of cages and pens installed are discussed with a note on their durability with reference to the materials used for construction The yield achieved in cage and pen culture and the advantages of these two systems are reported. The field problems in these culture methods are indicated. The economics of fish production, particularly the net profit in selected studies are pointed out for taking up these programmes in mass level

Scope of chanos farming

Among the cultivable waters in India, a total of 1.7 million ha is brackish in nature . Brackish water is more fertile and productive than sea water. It is dynamic, influenced by the tid es, currents and waves, Estuaries were mainly useful for fish capture . Since estuaries are found to be the feeding and breeding places for many of the fishes, their importance is more felt now in view of the fisheries development

Scope for Mussel Farming in Brackish Waters

The present study was carried out by the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute in two coastal districts of Maharashtra with the main objectives ' i) to estimate the returns to capital and labour and ii) to compare employment pattern on mechanised boats and country crafts fitted with OBE. The present report mainly deals with the first objective of the stud

Research and development in marine fisheries extension in Tamil Nadu

improvement In the standard of living of fishing households and fishing labor households and optimal utilisation of fishery resources for employment, production and export are the Important goals of marine fisheries extension service. Despite ttie increasing attention of the Government to fisheries extension work, majority of fisherfolk are caught In a vicious cycle of poverty and indebtness. The paper analyses the present strategies of fisheries extension service In Tamil Nadu, Identifies the pitfalls and lists suggestions for Improving the efficiency of fisheries extension work In the state. The extension teaching methods used for Individual contact, group contact and mass contact, the sul)Ject-matter fields covered In extension teaching with their relative Importance. The characteristics and extension personnel, research support provided, coordination among the various agencies Involved and participation of the clientele and their organisations are analysed and discussed. The analysis helped identifying the major Impediments to success of extension efforts. The analysis provided a tasks for evolving future extension strategies focussed on marine fisheries development. It provides suggestions in term of personnel requirement, effective extension methods, thrust areas among different subject matter- fields, co-ordination among organisations concerned with marine fisheries and extension research support. The recommendations will be of use to the organisations concerned with fisheries extension In their approach to tone up the service of fisheries extension

Studies on the growth of spiny lobster, Panulirus homarus in marine cages

A raft and four nylon cages were constructed to study the growth of fishes, prawns and lobsters. One of these cages of 2.5 x 1.6 x 4.0 m size was specially designed for lobster culture in the new harbour area at Tuticorin

Prawn farming in India

India contributes about 4% of the world aquaculture prawn production. Prawn farming provides excellent employment opportunities and generates income, particularly to India's coastal villagers. It, however, has caused impact on land and water resources use. India has about 55 prawn species, 11 of which are suitable for coastal culture. With all these, along with available natural resources, favorable climate, greater awareness of prawn farming, availability of trained human resource, and government and research support, India 's prawn farming industry is expected to develop furthe

Expression Screening of Fusion Partners from an E. coli Genome for Soluble Expression of Recombinant Proteins in a Cell-Free Protein Synthesis System

While access to soluble recombinant proteins is essential for a number of proteome studies, preparation of purified functional proteins is often limited by the protein solubility. In this study, potent solubility-enhancing fusion partners were screened from the repertoire of endogenous E. coli proteins. Based on the presumed correlation between the intracellular abundance and folding efficiency of proteins, PCR-amplified ORFs of a series of highly abundant E. coli proteins were fused with aggregation-prone heterologous proteins and then directly expressed for quantitative estimation of the expression efficiency of soluble translation products. Through two-step screening procedures involving the expression of 552 fusion constructs targeted against a series of cytokine proteins, we were able to discover a number of endogenous E. coli proteins that dramatically enhanced the soluble expression of the target proteins. This strategy of cell-free expression screening can be extended to quantitative, global analysis of genomic resources for various purposes.National Research Foundation of KoreaKorea (South). Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) (grant 2011K000841)Korea (South). Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) (grant 2011-0027901