A Survey in Wireless Ad hoc Network Security and Secure Energy Optimization Approaches for Routing

Wireless ad hoc network nodes together establish a network infrastructure without using any access points or base stations for communicates using multi hop schemes. It has significant characteristics like dynamic topologies, constrained in bandwidth and limited resource a high challenge in implementing security with optimized energy resource utilization which is the key aspects while designing modern ad hoc networks architecture. Ad hoc Networks nodes are limited in broadcast range, and also their capabilities of computation and storage are well limited to their energy resources. This limitation of resources in wireless ad hoc creates high challenges in incorporating security mechanism for routing security and privacy maintenance. This paper investigates the various issues and challenges in secure routing and energy optimization during communication in wireless ad hoc network towards security and secure energy utilization improvisation

Advancements of MultiRate Signal processing for Wireless Communication Networks: Current State Of the Art

With the hasty growth of internet contact and voice and information centric communications, many contact technologies have been urbanized to meet the stringent insist of high speed information transmission and viaduct the wide bandwidth gap among ever-increasing high-data-rate core system and bandwidth-hungry end-user complex. To make efficient consumption of the limited bandwidth of obtainable access routes and cope with the difficult channel environment, several standards have been projected for a variety of broadband access scheme over different access situation (twisted pairs, coaxial cables, optical fibers, and unchanging or mobile wireless admittance). These access situations may create dissimilar channel impairments and utter unique sets of signal dispensation algorithms and techniques to combat precise impairments. In the intended and implementation sphere of those systems, many research issues arise. In this paper we present advancements of multi-rate indication processing methodologies that are aggravated by this design trend. The thesis covers the contemporary confirmation of the current literature on intrusion suppression using multi-rate indication in wireless communiquE9; networks

Stochastic Approximation Approach to Federated Machine Learning

This paper examines Federated learning (FL) in a Stochastic Approximation (SA) framework. FL is a collaborative way to train neural network models across various participants or clients without centralizing their data. Each client will train a model on their respective data and send the weights across to a the server periodically for aggregation. The server aggregates these weights which are then used by the clients to re-initialize their neural network and continue the training. SA is an iterative algorithm that uses approximate sample gradients and tapering step size to locate a minimizer of a cost function. In this paper the clients use a stochastic approximation iterate to update the weights of its neural network. It is shown that the aggregated weights track an autonomous ODE. Numerical simulations are performed and the results are compared with standard algorithms like FedAvg and FedProx. It is observed that the proposed algorithm is robust and gives more reliable estimates of the weights, in particular when the clients data are not identically distributed

The Influence of GRA and TOPSIS for Assortment of Green Supply Chain Management Strategies in Cement Industry

The present paper aimed at proposing new strategies for evaluating the green supply chain management for enhancing the priority to environmental factors in cement manufacturing life cycle analysis, there by reducing the carbon foot prints. These strategies help in producing eco-friendly products there striking the balance between economy and environment. Initially green supply chain priorities are defined by using grey relational analysis (GRA). The priority weights obtained by GRA method is used to determine the weight for each indicator selected in the present study and then GRA is combined with TOPSIS methodology to obtain the priority for level-II measurement indicators used in the present study. These strategies will influence the decision making priorities during cement manufacturing. Keywords - Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM), strategy prioritization, Grey Relational Analysis (GRA), TOPSIS, Life Cycle Analysis (LCA

A Spanning Tree Approach in Placing Multi-channel and Minimum Channel PMU’s for Power System Observability

Synchronized phasor measurements have become the measurement technique of choice for electric power systems. They provide positive sequence voltage and current measurements synchronized to within a microsecond. The objective is to use the spanning tree approach and tree search technique for optimal placement of multichannel and minimum channel synchronized phasor measurement units (PMUs) in order to have full observability of Power System. The novel concept of depth of observability is used and its impact on the number of PMU placements is explained.  The spanning tree approach is used for the power system graphs and a tree search technique is used for finding the optimal location of PMUs. This is tested on IEEE-14 and IEEE-30 bus system. The same technique is modified to optimally place minimum channel PMUs on the same IEEE-14 and IEEE-30 bus systems. Matlab tool has been used for fulfilling the objective

Understanding highly excited states via parametric variations

Highly excited vibrational states of an isolated molecule encode the vibrational energy flow pathways in the molecule. Recent studies have had spectacular success in understanding the nature of the excited states mainly due to the extensive studies of the classical phase space structures and their bifurcations. Such detailed classical-quantum correspondence studies are presently limited to two or quasi two dimensional systems. One of the main reasons for such a constraint has to do with the problem of visualization of relevant objects like surface of sections and Wigner or Husimi distributions associated with an eigenstate. This neccesiates various alternative techniques which are more algebraic than geometric in nature. In this work we introduce one such method based on parametric variation of the eigenvalues of a Hamiltonian. It is shown that the level velocities are correlated with the phase space nature of the corresponding eigenstates. A semiclassical expression for the level velocities of a single resonance Hamiltonian is derived which provides theoretical support for the correlation. We use the level velocities to dynamically assign the highly excited states of a model spectroscopic Hamiltonian in the mixed phase space regime. The effect of bifurcations on the level velocities is briefly discussed using a recently proposed spectroscopic Hamiltonian for the HCP molecule.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, submitted to J. Chem. Phy

Deep Learning Meets Mechanism Design: Key Results and Some Novel Applications

Mechanism design is essentially reverse engineering of games and involves inducing a game among strategic agents in a way that the induced game satisfies a set of desired properties in an equilibrium of the game. Desirable properties for a mechanism include incentive compatibility, individual rationality, welfare maximisation, revenue maximisation (or cost minimisation), fairness of allocation, etc. It is known from mechanism design theory that only certain strict subsets of these properties can be simultaneously satisfied exactly by any given mechanism. Often, the mechanisms required by real-world applications may need a subset of these properties that are theoretically impossible to be simultaneously satisfied. In such cases, a prominent recent approach is to use a deep learning based approach to learn a mechanism that approximately satisfies the required properties by minimizing a suitably defined loss function. In this paper, we present, from relevant literature, technical details of using a deep learning approach for mechanism design and provide an overview of key results in this topic. We demonstrate the power of this approach for three illustrative case studies: (a) efficient energy management in a vehicular network (b) resource allocation in a mobile network (c) designing a volume discount procurement auction for agricultural inputs. Section 6 concludes the paper

Assessment of drug-drug interactions in the prescription of elderly patients on cardiovascular drugs

Background: Cardiovascular disease is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in a developing country like India. These patient’s prescription contains multiple drugs to reduce the mortality and morbidity and they also contain drugs for treatment of co morbidities leading to polypharmacy. The main objective of the study was to identify the pattern of drug- drug interaction (DDI) in patients on cardiovascular drugs with various co existing morbidities.Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of General Medicine of a tertiary care center. Prescription of 200 patients were analysed for demographic details like gender, age, comorbidities and drugs prescribed. DDI were assessed using Micromedex software.Results: In this study, conducted on the prescription of 200 elderly patients, 13 (66%) prescription had 408 DDI, of which 158 (39%) were major, 246 (60%) were moderate and 1 (0.02%) was contraindicated and 3 (0.007%) were minor.Conclusions: It can be concluded from the present study that the risk of DDI increases with the increase in number of drugs in the prescription and there is increase in number of drugs in the prescription with the increase in number of co morbidities. The antiplatelet and anticoagulant group of drugs were responsible for majority of DDI, followed by antihypertensives and hypoglycaemic agents. Most of these DDI could be avoided with slight modification in the dosage regimen based on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drug

Preparation of transversely isotropic test specimen of natural FRP composite - an innovative approach-II

Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) composites can be broadly classified as synthetic and natural, based on the type of fibers incorporated. Abundantly available natural fibers like toddy palm, sisal, jute and banana are attracting the attention of researchers due to ever increasing demand for lighter, stronger and eco-friendly materials from the industry. However, natural fibers are limited in length, not so uniform in size and behave differently in different atmospheric conditions. Added to this, the inherent tendency of natural fibers to twist and curl in dry conditions poses many problems to researchers while preparing test specimens. Researchers in general and academicians in particular are handicapped by non-availability of relevant literature on fabrication techniques to prepare natural FRP composite test specimens close to their analytical models. Present paper addresses typical problems faced by researchers during preparation of unidirectional continuous fiber reinforced composite test specimen ensuring transversely isotropic nature. Using simple hand tools coupled with a few precautions taken as described herein, prospective researchers can condition natural fibers and prepare composite specimen to suit their requirements.&nbsp

Preparation of transversely isotropic test specimen of glass FRP composite - an innovative approach-I

FRP composites have attracted attention of researchers due to ever increasing demand for lighter and stronger materials from the industry, more so from aerospace and automotive sector. Researchers, particularly in academic institutions, are suffering due to non-availability of detailed information on fabrication techniques for preparing FRP test specimens that are equivalent to an analytical model. Accurate test specimen close to analytical model reduces the compulsion of going for unrealistic assumptions that takes the analysis away from reality. An easy to follow method to design, compute and achieve correct volume fraction is presented in this work. A technique for preparing and dismantling molds with commonly available materials is presented in detail. Using simple tools and tackles coupled with a few precautions followed as described herein, prospective researchers can fabricate FRP test specimen close to their requirement.&nbsp