Pedagogical research: in search for means of quality improvement

The aim of the investigation is to disclose lacks of dissertational works on pedagogics and to show possible ways of improvement of their quality. Results. It is stated that despite high volume and a variety of dissertational researches on pedagogical sciences, efficiency of their influence on education practice still remains rather low. The reason is low degree of quality of researches as many researches do not stimulate occurrence of innovations and growth of quality of education. As shown in the article the basic lacks that obstruct practical application are the following: a triviality and the unsubstantiated character, and insufficient novelty and excessive « scientificity». The author finds out the process and result of the most widespread type of the pedagogical research devoted to process of formation of personal quality, a kind of cultural experience or any pupils’ competence. The result of pedagogical research should contain criteria characteristic: the purposes of this process; maintenances of «transferred» experience; psychological conditions of its mastering; the description of system of pedagogical means and the receptions providing actualisation of these conditions; criteria and indicators of productivity of process; requirements to the teachers who are carrying out this process, and characteristics of pupils for which the offered technique is the most effective. The typical errors made by authors of researches are listed: psychological conditions (common factors, mechanisms) of expected innovations are not revealed; as a result the choice of means has no sufficient bases and reached effect can be a simple accident; authors do not provide evidence of changes that have resulted from application of any stated technique; the role of personal and professional qualities of the researcher are not pointed out, though it always takes a considerable place n pedagogical systems.cientific novelty. The paper is rather useful as the author gives a system consideration of the nature, specificity and conditions of scientific and pedagogical research productivity. Practical significance. The author provide the paper with accurate instructions for designing theoretical and empirical aspects of pedagogical research and ways of results summary that are the most comprehensible to their practical use while working on dissertationЦель публикации – вскрыть издержки и недостатки диссертационных работ по педагогике и показать возможные пути улучшения их качества. Результаты. Констатируется, что, несмотря на большой объем и разнообразие диссертационных исследований по педагогическим наукам, эффективность их влияния на практику образования остается весьма невысокой. Причиной того, что результаты многих исследований не стимулируют появление инноваций и рост качества образования, является низкий уровень качества самих исследований. Их основными недостатками, как показано в статье, являются тривиальность и бездоказательность, недостаточная новизна и излишнее «наукообразие», затрудняющее их практическое использование. Автором выделены два рода причин, затрудняющих получение достоверного и практически значимого педагогического знания. Первая группа – причины объективного характера, связанные со своеобразием и известной парадоксальностью самого педагогического знания, проявляющейся как «избыточная субъективность», «невоспроизводимость фактов», невозможность построения логических выводов из педагогических «теорий» и др. Вторая группа причин, устранению которых посвящены основные разделы статьи, обусловлена субъективными факторами – методологическими просчетами самих авторов педагогических исследований. Первым и главным методологическим ориентиром исследования должно быть представление о его результате. В статье раскрываются процесс и результат наиболее распространенного типа педагогического исследования, посвященного процессу формирования личностного качества, вида культурного опыта или какой-то компетентности у воспитанников. Чтобы дать практикам надежные ориентиры для организации этого процесса, результат педагогического исследования должен содержать критериальную характеристику: цели этого процесса; содержания «передаваемого» опыта; психологических условий его усвоения; описание системы педагогических средств и приемов, обеспечивающих актуализацию этих условий; критерии и показатели результативности процесса; требования к педагогам, осуществляющим этот процесс, и характеристики учащихся, для которых предлагаемая методика наиболее эффективна. Приводятся типичные ошибки, допускаемые авторами исследований: при указании средств достижения педагогической цели не раскрываются психологические условия (закономерности, механизмы) ожидаемых новообразований, в результате чего выбор средств не имеет достаточных оснований, а достигнутый эффект может быть простой случайностью; описывая начальное и конечное состояние воспитуемых, авторы зачастую не приводят доказательств того, что изменения произошли в результате применения именно излагаемой методики, а не под воздействием каких-то других факторов; не указывается роль личностных и профессиональных качеств самого экспериментатора, хотя в педагогических системах это всегда играет значительную роль, и др.Новизна материалов публикации в системном рассмотрении природы, специфики и условий результативности научно-педагогического исследования, а практическая значимость изложенного – в наличии четких регулятивов построения теоретических и эмпирических аспектов педагогического исследования, способов изложения его результатов в форме, наиболее приемлемой для их практического использовани

Metals from the ritual site of Shaitanskoye Ozero II (Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia) [Metales del yacimiento ritual de Shaitanskoye Ozero II (provincia de Sverdlovsk Oblast, Rusia)]

The present article describes materials from the ritual site of Shaitanskoye Ozero II, Sverdlovsk Oblast. Few excavations carried out at the site measuring less than 240 sq. m in size, yielded more than 160 bronze artifacts: utensils, weapons, rolled copper ornaments, and abundant smelting and casting waste. Apart from Seima-Turbino (celts and laminar knives) and Eurasian types (daggers with cast hilts, truncated knives with guards, fluted bracelets and rings), several metal artifacts were revealed manufactured in the style of the Samus-Kizhirovo tradition. Bronze artifacts, stone knives and scrapers, and numerous arrowheads are accompanied by ceramics of the Koptyaki type. Metals use mainly a copper-tin alloy. This assemblage is shown to be relevant to the local tradition of metalworking, which, in this particular region, was comparatively ancient having been left uninterrupted by the rapid migrations of the Seima-Turbino people. In addition, the assemblage indicates the sources from which post-Seima artifacts reached the Alakul people. These artifacts may also have been linked with a large metalworking center located in the Middle Urals

Dissertation Research on Pedagogy: Situation, Problems, Resources

In the article the situation and trends in the development of dissertations in pedagogy have being analyzed, positive trends and reasons for the low quality of individual dissertations is indicated. The authors focus on methodological “omissions” that reduce the scientific value of dissertations. Authors include to that the construction by dissertators of key theoretical and methodological premises of the study – a research question, a hypothesis, a concept, novelty, a model of the process under study, an experimental substantiation of the conclusions, which reflect the “deficiencies” of the methodological culture of authors, the specifics of pedagogical research are not taken into account. The authors try to explain why these “conclusions” often cause mistrust among practicing teachers. Constructive recommendations for conducting a dissertation research are also made in the article

Migrating leukocytes are the source of Peroxiredoxin V during inflammation in the airways

BACKGROUND: We characterized changes in expression of the antioxidant protein Peroxiredoxin V (PRXV) during airway inflammation. METHODS: Studies in anesthetized rats and mice; PRXV expression determined by Western blot analyses and immunohistochemistry; PRXV m-RNA expression determined by Taq-Man RT-PCR. RESULTS: Bacterial lung inflammation did not change expression of PRXV in murine epithelia but produced massive influx of leukocytes highly expressing PRXV. Endotoxin and f-MLP induced leukocyte migration in rat trachea but did not change mRNA levels and PRXV protein expression in tracheal epithelial cells. In primary airway cell culture (cow), alveolar epithelial cells A549, or co-culture of A549 with murine macrophages RAW264.7, exposure to live bacteria increased expression of PRXV, which required serum. PRXV was secreted in vitro by epithelial and immune cells. CONCLUSION: Inflammation increased expression of PRXV in airways by at least 2 mechanisms: cell population shift by massive influx of leukocytes expressing PRXV, and moderate post-transcriptional up-regulation of PRXV in epithelial cells

Changes of indices of the oxygen-transport state, depending on periodization of the ischemic cerebral stroke

Objective. To elaborate a clinico-pathogenetic periodization of ischemic cerebral stroke, depending on changes of the oxygen-transport state indices in critically ill patents, suffering the ischemic cerebral stroke on background of conduction of complex intensive therapy. Materials and methods. Into the investigation 75 patients, suffering ischemic cerebral stroke, ageing 41 - 77 yrs, were included, in whom the indices of oxygen-transport state and severity of neurological symptoms on background of complex intensive therapy were studied. Depending on severity of neurologic symptoms, three similar groups of patients were formed (25 patients in every one), suffering mild, middle-severe and severe ischemic cerebral stroke, in which the disease severity was determined in accordance to the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale. Results. On background of the complex intensive therapy conduction the duration of the most acute period in mild ischemic stroke have constituted 3 days, in a middle-severe - 4 days, and in a severe one - 7 days. Tendency towards minimization of neurologic deficiency was noted, if parameters of central hemodynamics, the oxygen budget and the cognition level were stabilized during 2 days. Simultaneously the cardiac index values for all groups of patients have been situated in a range of (2.99 ± 0.20) l × min-1 × m-2, the oxygen delivery index have exceeded (509 ± 34) ml × min-1 × m-2. The restored level of neurological symptoms have not a tendency towards improvement or was stable during several days in accordance to data of the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale. The restored level of neurological symptoms had a tendency to improvement or staying during several days stable in accordance to indices of scales of National Institute of Health and Comas Glasgow, than a progressive staged improvement began. Conclusion. Normalization during 2 days of the oxygen-transport state indices without neurological symptoms progression constitutes a criterion of conclusion of the most acute period of the disease in patients, suffering mild, middle-severe and severe ischemic cerebral stroke. The restored due to intensive therapy during 48 h the oxygen-transport state without progressing of neurological symptoms in patients, suffering ischemic cerebral stroke, witnesses lowering of the cerebral tissue oedema and restoration of the autoregulation processes

Влияние динамического компонента внешнего облика на восприятие визуальных презентаций возраста другого человека

Introduction. The systematization of perceived age studies has revealed a disproportion in the following: (a) factors of perceived age (characteristics of the object of perception are well studied, while little attention has been devoted to characteristics of the subject of perception); (b) components of physical appearance (considerable attention has been paid to the influence of the static component of physical appearance on the person’s perceived age, while few data are available on the dynamic component). The present study reveals the influence of the dynamic component of physical appearance on the perceived age of the object of perception and also the perceiving subject’s socio-psychological characteristics as factors for Another’s age perception. Materials and Methods. The objects of age perception (models) comprised 7 persons aged 21–23 years and one person aged 45 years. The photos and videos of the models’ spontaneous dancing were used. The study involved 108 subjects of perception (aged 14–78 years). The study employed (a) V. A. Labunskaya’s technique for the Evaluation/Content Interpretation of Appearance and Its Correspondence with Gender/Age Constructs, (b) V. Schutz Interpersonal Relations Questionnaire, and (c) the Demographic Questionnaire. Results. The dynamic component of a person’s physical appearance influences his/her perceived age. Thus, the observers perceive them as being younger than in the photos. If age visual presentations were contradictory, the observer relied on the static component of physical appearance. The study draws a conclusion that the perceiving subject’s relation to his/her own physical appearance influences the perceived age of the object of perception. Discussion. The present study confirms the leading role of the static component of physical appearance in perceiving the person’s age, which is noted in numerous studies. The perceiving subject’s psychological characteristics (relation to his/her own physical appearance) determine another person’s perceived age. The study findings expand the knowledge of the complex and multifactorial determination of the process of constructing another person’s age.Введение. Авторами проведена систематизация исследований воспринимаемого возраста, которая показала диспропорцию в изучении: 1) факторов воспринимаемого возраста (изучены характеристики объекта восприятия, характеристики субъекта восприятия практически не изучены); 2) компонентов внешнего облика (изучено влияние на воспринимаемый возраст человека устойчивого компонента его внешнего облика, данные относительно динамического компонента малочисленны и противоречивы). Актуальность и новизна исследования заключаются в изучении влияния динамического компонента внешнего облика на воспринимаемый возраст объекта восприятия, а также социально-психологических характеристик субъекта восприятия в качестве факторов восприятия возраста Другого. Материалы и методы. В качестве объектов восприятия возраста («моделей») выступили семь человек в возрасте 21–23 года и один человек в возрасте 45 лет. Были использованы фотографии и видеозаписи спонтанного танца «моделей». Субъектами восприятия являлись 108 человек (от 14 до 78 лет). В работе использованы методика «Оценочно-содержательная интерпретация своего внешнего облика и его соответствия гендерно-возрастным конструктам» В. А. Лабунской, опросник межличностных отношений В. Шутца и демографическая анкета. Результаты. Авторами показано, что наличие для анализа динамического компонента внешности человека влияет на его воспринимаемый возраст: он воспринимается наблюдателем моложе, чем на фото. Если визуальные презентации возраста несут противоречивую информацию, то наблюдатель опирается на устойчивый компонент внешнего облика. В работе сделаны выводы о влиянии отношения к своему внешнему облику субъекта восприятия на воспринимаемый возраст объекта восприятия. Обсуждение результатов. Авторами подтверждена ведущая роль устойчивого компонента внешнего облика при восприятии возраста человека, зафиксированная в многочисленных исследованиях. Также доказано, что воспринимаемый возраст другого человека обусловлен психологическими особенностями субъекта восприятия (его отношением к своему внешнему облику), что расширяет представления о сложной и многофакторной детерминации процесса конструирования возраста другого человека

Photophoresis of topical steroids in the treatment of severe forms of lichen ruber planus of oral mucosa

The objective of the study is to search for new methods of treatment for lichen ruber planus with high efficacy, few complications and side effects, as well as providing a long-term therapeutic effect. The authors used the method of photophoresis (red LED radiation + topical steroid) in the combination treatment of 40 patients with severe forms of lichen ruber planu

Unraveling the deposition mechanism in a-C:H thin-film growth : a molecular-dynamics study for the reaction behavior of C3 and C3H radicals with a-C:H surfaces

In this mol.-dynamics study, we present the simulated growth of thin a-C:H films using the Brenner [Phys. Rev. B 42, 9458 (1990)] potential. These simulations are relevant for the growth of thin films, grown using low-energy hydrocarbons. In this work, we investigate the reaction mechanisms of both the linear and the cyclic isomers of C3 and C3H on an a-C:H surface. We found that the cyclic species are always more reactive as compared to the linear species, due to their lower stability. The C3 species are found to be more reactive than the C3H species, due to steric hindrance of the H atom, shielding the C atom from the surface. The different mechanisms are discussed. The resulting film properties for different flux ratios of C3 and C3H have also been investigated. It is shown that films as deposited from C3 and C3H have a low d. and show low crosslinking. A clear change in microstructure is obsd. as the ratio between the cyclic and the linear species changes. These simulations provide insights into the reaction behavior of the investigated species, and how this influences the resulting film properties. [on SciFinder (R)

Periodization of the brain ischemic insult

Periodization of the brain ischemic insul

Photophoresis of topical steroids in the treatment of severe forms of lichen ruber planus of oral mucosa

The objective of the study is to search for new methods of treatment for lichen ruber planus with high efficacy, few complications and side effects, as well as providing a long-term therapeutic effec