THE INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL ELEMENTS ON THE WINTER TRITICALE YIELD

The paper presents the 4-year data on the behaviour of local winter triticale varieties Ingen 35 and Ingen 93 in multifactorial field experiments. The highest yields of winter triticale varieties were recorded after the forerunner grain peas: Ingen 35 - 3632 kg/ha and Ingen 93 - 3744 kg/ha. Referring to the planting dates, the highest yields were recorded on the optimal planting dates. Ingen 35 variety provided yields at the level of 4265 kg/ha after the forerunner grain peas, 3448 kg/ha after the forerunner vetch-oat and 2770 kg/ha after the forerunner sunflower. The Ingen 93 variety recorded yields of 4176 kg/ha after the forerunner grain peas, 3778 kg/ha after vetch-oat and 2929 kg/ha after the forerunner sunflower. In the case of the seeding rate, the highest yields were obtained for the variant 5.0 mln/ha, which ensured 3161 kg/ha for the Ingen 93 variety and 3077 kg/ha for the Ingen 35 variety. The dominant influence degree on the grain production belongs to the forerunner crop: 67.11% for Ingen 35 and 73.16% for Ingen 93. The influence of the planting dates was of 31.92% and 25.56% respectively for the varieties. The highest percentage of protein content was recorded after the forerunner grain peas – 14.11% for the Ingen 93 variety. It was established the tendency to increase the protein content from the optimal to the late planting dates for both varieties and after all forerunner crops.The highest protein yield was recorded after the forerunner grain peas in both varieties: 426.1 kg/ha for Ingen 35 and 435.5 kg/ha for Ingen 93

Inhibition of cathepsin B by caspase-3 inhibitors blocks programmed cell death in <i>Arabidopsis</i>

Programmed cell death (PCD) is used by plants for development and survival to biotic and abiotic stresses. The role of caspases in PCD is well established in animal cells. Over the past 15 years, the importance of caspase-3-like enzymatic activity for plant PCD completion has been widely documented despite the absence of caspase orthologues. In particular, caspase-3 inhibitors blocked nearly all plant PCD tested. Here, we affinity-purified a plant caspase-3-like activity using a biotin-labelled caspase-3 inhibitor and identified Arabidopsis thaliana cathepsin B3 (AtCathB3) by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Consistent with this, recombinant AtCathB3 was found to have caspase-3-like activity and to be inhibited by caspase-3 inhibitors. AtCathepsin B triple-mutant lines showed reduced caspase-3-like enzymatic activity and reduced labelling with activity-based caspase-3 probes. Importantly, AtCathepsin B triple mutants showed a strong reduction in the PCD induced by ultraviolet (UV), oxidative stress (H2O2, methyl viologen) or endoplasmic reticulum stress. Our observations contribute to explain why caspase-3 inhibitors inhibit plant PCD and provide new tools to further plant PCD research. The fact that cathepsin B does regulate PCD in both animal and plant cells suggests that this protease may be part of an ancestral PCD pathway pre-existing the plant/animal divergence that needs further characterisation

СОЗДАНИЕ НОВЫХ ФОРМ ШТАМБОВОГО ТОМАТА И ИХ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ В СЕЛЕКЦИИ

Tree-shaped plants of tomato have many useful traits, which gain them advantages over common tomato forms. In world plant collection there are over 200 accessions, cultivars and hybrids of tree-shaped tomato. The aim of the study was to develop new initial tomato accessions for breeding program for tree-shaped cultivars and hybrids that are distinguished by a shape, fruit weight and color, improved by interspecific hybridization chemical composition and resistance to the major diseases. The tree-shaped breeding lines: ‘196/12’, ‘374/08’, ‘909/14’, ‘911/14’ and other were observed with the use of interspecific hybridization and selection in the population F2-F4. The selected lines passed the trial in artificially infected condition with Alternaria, viral diseases (MToV, TSWV) and phytoplasmas. Among breeding lines assessed the ‘911/14’, ‘374/08’ and‘40/11’ were less affected by complex of pathogens. The lines ‘196/12’ and ‘909/14’ passed an assessment in the nursery for variety trial in naturally and  provocatively infected conditions with major pathogens. Both breeding lines had an advantage over standard accession ‘Laguna’ and ‘Maraphon’ for total yield capacity and standard fruit harvest; it was more by 9.6% and 52.2% and 9.5% and 53.4% respectively. Fruits of lines 196/12 and 909/14 had good taste quality with high content of dry matter (5.8% and 6.8%), sugars (3.3% and 3.1%), vitamin C (22.2 and 24.8 mg/100 grams). The selected tree-shaped accessions have been used to develop heterotic hybrids and to be sources of economically valuable traits.Штамбовые   растения  томата имеют  ряд полезных признаков, которые создают им преимущество над обыкновенными  растениями. В мировой коллекции томата насчитывается   более 200 штамбовых сортов и гибридов. Целью наших исследований было создание нового исходного  материала для селекции  штамбовых сортов и  гибридов томата, отличающиеся   формой, массой и окраской плода, улучшение путем  межвидовой гибридизации, химического  состава плодов и повышение устойчивости к основным болезням. С использованием межвидовой гибридизации и методом отбора в гибридных популяциях F2-F4 получены штамбовые  линии  томата   (196/12, 374/08,  909/14,  911/14  и  др.). Выделенные линии прошли оценку на искусственных инфекционных фонах альтернариоза,  вирусных болезней (ВМТо, ВБТ) и фитоплазмоза.  Среди оцененных образцов наименьшей  поражаемостью  комплексом патогенов  отличались   линии 911/14, 374/08 и 40/11. В 2011-2012 годах линии 196/12 и 909/14 прошли оценку в питомнике конкурсного сортоиспытания на естественном провокационном фоне основных болезней. Обе линии имели преимущество над стандартами Лагуна и Марафон по общей урожайности (на 9,6 и 52,2% соответственно) и выходу  стандартных плодов (9,5 и 53,4% соответственно).  Плоды линий   196/12 и 909/14 обладали хорошими вкусовыми качествами,  высоким содержанием сухих веществ (5,8%; 6,8%), сахаров (3,3%; 3,1%), витамина С (22,2; 24,8 мг/100 г соответственно).  Выделившиеся штамбовые образцы  томата использованы как исходный материал для  создания гетерозисных  гибридов и  как  генетический источник хозяйственно ценных признаков

PRINCIPLES OF THE DETERMINATION ENERGY INTENSITY OF THE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS

A set of energy resources is consumed in the primary production and conversion process of agricultural product. Minimal quantity of energy required for the production of agricultural product unit is considered by the notion of energy intensity of agricultural products

Caspase-like activities and UV-induced programmed cell death in <i>Arabidopsis</i>

A very important goal is to determine which molecular components may be used in the execution of programmed cell death (PCD) in plants, which have been conserved during evolution and which are plant specific. Using A. thaliana we have shown that UV radiation can induce apoptotic-like changes at the cellular level and that an UV experimental system was relevant to the study of PCD in plants. UV induction of PCD requires light and a protease cleaving the caspase substrate Asp-Glu-Val-Asp (DEVDase activity) is induced within 30 minutes and peaks at one hour. This DEVDase appears related to animal caspases at the biochemical level, being insensitive to broad-range cysteine protease inhibitors. In addition, caspase1, caspase-3 inhibitors and the pancaspase inhibitor p35 were able to suppress DNA fragmentation and cell death. These results suggest that a YVADase (Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp) activity and an inducible DEVDase activity are possibly mediating DNA fragmentation during plant PCD induced by UV overexposure. Progress is being made towards the biochemical characterisation of the proteases involved

Hybrid technology for collective expertise

This paper outlines a new automatizated technology for collective expertise. The technology provides flexible framework of collective expertise, allows to bring it into accord with the Decision Making Person's conception of the problem, ensures alternative abilities for examination and interpretation of obtained expert information. Information about basic components of the instrumental system for collective expertise KIOT-1 is presented

Ring Cavity Tunable Fiber Laser With External Transversely Chirped Bragg Grating

Application of the Transverse Chirped Bragg Grating (TCBG - a reflecting volume Bragg grating with continuously variable resonant wavelength across the aperture) for the narrowband tunable ring-cavity fiber laser is presented. The main advantage of the use of TCBG is that its linear translation allows continuous tuning of emission wavelength within 5-10 nm band. Yb doped fiber laser operating in the wavelength range of 1050-1055 nm of narrowband emission up to 2.3 W is demonstrated. © 2013 SPIE