Bioremediation of petroleum refinery effluent by Planococcus halophilus

In the present investigation, Planococcus halophilus was screened for hydrocarbon degradation and bioremediation of refinery effluent. The test organism, P. halophilus, showed the capability to utilize kerosene as carbon source in minimal medium. Biological treatment of the refinery effluent with P. halophilus reduced the oil and grease and sulphide content to about 91.2 and 28%, respectively, on the 4th day of the incubation. The present work defined that the test organism P. halophilus can be exploited for bioremediation of sites contaminated with hydrocarbons and industrial effluents polluted with hydrocarbons even under adverse conditions.Key words: Kerosene, Planococcus halophilus, bioremediation, parameters, hydrocarbon

SQL Injection - Database Attack Revolution and Prevention

SQL injection came with a bang and caused revolution in database attacking. In recent years, with the explosion in web-based commerce and information systems, databases have been drawing ever closer to the network and it is critical part of network security. This paper is incorporated with our research and firsthand experience in hacking the database by SQL injection. Database is the Storage Brain of a website. A hacked database is the source for Passwords and juicy information like credit card number, bank account number and every important thing that are forbidden. Importance should be given for preventing database exploitation by SQL injection. The aim of this paper is to create awareness among web developers or database administrators about the urgent need for database security. Our ultimate objective is to totally eradicate the whole concept of SQL injection and to avoid this technique becoming a plaything in hands of exploiters

3-({[(1-Phenyl­eth­yl)sulfan­yl]methane­thio­yl}sulfan­yl)propanoic acid

In the title compound, C12H14O2S3, a chain transfer agent (CTA) used in polymerization, the dihedral angle between the aromatic ring and the CS3 grouping is 84.20 (10)°. In the crystal, carb­oxy­lic acid inversion dimers linked by pairs of O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate R 2 2(8) loops

Emergence of hyperons in failed supernovae: trigger of the black hole formation

We investigate the emergence of strange baryons in the dynamical collapse of a non-rotating massive star to a black hole by the neutrino-radiation hydrodynamical simulations in general relativity. By following the dynamical formation and collapse of nascent proto-neutron star from the gravitational collapse of a 40Msun star adopting a new hyperonic EOS table, we show that the hyperons do not appear at the core bounce but populate quickly at ~0.5-0.7 s after the bounce to trigger the re-collapse to a black hole. They start to show up off center owing to high temperatures and later prevail at center when the central density becomes high enough. The neutrino emission from the accreting proto-neutron star with the hyperonic EOS stops much earlier than the corresponding case with a nucleonic EOS while the average energies and luminosities are quite similar between them. These features of neutrino signal are a potential probe of the emergence of new degrees of freedom inside the black hole forming collapse.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

Isolation and characterization of thermostable protease producing bacteria from tannery industry effluent

The  study is a search for potential thermostable protease producing strains from tannery industry effluent. Among nine protease producing strains screened, one was selected as promising thermostable protease producer and identified as Bacillus sp. The activity of the protease produced by this organism is stable up to 700C. The optimum yield was achieved after 48 hours of culture, at 600C with the pH 8.0. The desired protein was precipitated from the crude extract by using ammonium sulfate (70%) followed by dialysis and purified by Ion-exchange chromatography. The maximum protease activity was observed at 650C and at pH 8.0. Further investigation on structure elucidation to this purified protein  for industrial level exploitation is in progress

Galaxy Formation with local photoionisation feedback I. Methods

We present a first study of the effect of local photoionising radiation on gas cooling in smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of galaxy formation. We explore the combined effect of ionising radiation from young and old stellar populations. The method computes the effect of multiple radiative sources using the same tree algorithm used for gravity, so it is computationally efficient and well resolved. The method foregoes calculating absorption and scattering in favour of a constant escape fraction for young stars to keep the calculation efficient enough to simulate the entire evolution of a galaxy in a cosmological context to the present day. This allows us to quantify the effect of the local photoionisation feedback through the whole history of a galaxy`s formation. The simulation of a Milky Way like galaxy using the local photoionisation model forms ~ 40 % less stars than a simulation that only includes a standard uniform background UV field. The local photoionisation model decreases star formation by increasing the cooling time of the gas in the halo and increasing the equilibrium temperature of dense gas in the disc. Coupling the local radiation field to gas cooling from the halo provides a preventive feedback mechanism which keeps the central disc light and produces slowly rising rotation curves without resorting to extreme feedback mechanisms. These preliminary results indicate that the effect of local photoionising sources is significant and should not be ignored in models of galaxy formation.Comment: Accepted for Publication in MNRAS, 13 pages, 13 figure

Characterization of New Bacterial Leaf Blight of Rice Caused by Pantoea stewartii subsp. indologenes in Southern Districts of Tamil Nadu

A survey was conducted in the rice fields of Tirunelveli, Tuticorin, Kanyakumari and Madurai districts of Tamil Nadu during 2016to assess the importance of bacterial leaf blight (BLB) of rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Bacterial Leaf Blight affected leaf samples showing yellowing symptoms or orange to brown stripes on one or both halves of the leaf blade were collected from seventeen places and maintained as isolates. Upon isolation, symptomatic leaf pieces were surface sterilized and placed in wakimoto semi-synthetic medium. The yellow pigmented, raised and translucent colonies with smooth margin were obtained after incubation at 28°C for 2 days. The biochemical characterization revealed that the bacteria belong to gramnegativefacultative anaerobes with small rods either arranged singly or in chains. Thirteen isolates show positive results in biochemical tests viz.,Gram staining, KOH test, starch hydrolysis, anaerobic growth test, tween 80 hydrolysis test, catalase test, citrate utilizationtest and production of yellow pigment on Yeast Dextrose Chalk agar medium. In virulence test, Isolate 1, Isolate 3 and Isolate 4 were considered virulent as they have caused severe blight symptoms both in TN1 and ADT 43, the susceptible check varieties. Based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis, the causal agent was identified as Pantoea stewartii subsp. indolegenes (Accession No. SUB2733370: MF163273; MF163274; MF16327). The biochemical and molecular analysis revealed that the causal agent was not Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae, but a new species of bacteriumnamely Pantoea stewartii subsp. indolegenes. This is the first report of new bacterial leaf blight disease of rice caused by Pantoea stewartii subsp.indologenesin southern districts of Tamil Nadu

A Pairing-free Provable Secure and Efficient Identity-based Identification Scheme with Anonymity

In this paper, we propose a Blind Identity-Based Identification (Blind IBI) scheme based on the Guillou-Quisquater (GQ) scheme. Our proposed scheme combines the benefits of traditional Identity-Based Identification (IBI) schemes that can authenticate a user’s identity without rely ing on a trusted third party with the Blind Signature (BS) scheme that provides anonymity. As a result, the proposed scheme assures absolute user privacy during the authentication process. It does not rely on a third party, yet the verifier can still be assured of the user’s identity with out the user actually revealing it. In our work, we show that the proposed scheme is provably secure under the random oracle model, with the assumption that the one-more-RSA-inversion problem is difficult. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the proposed scheme is secure against passive, active, and concurrent impersonation attacks. In conclusion, the proposed scheme is able to achieve the desired blindness property without compromising the security of the GQ-IBI scheme it is based upon

Settling Some Open Problems on 2-Player Symmetric Nash Equilibria

Over the years, researchers have studied the complexity of several decision versions of Nash equilibrium in (symmetric) two-player games (bimatrix games). To the best of our knowledge, the last remaining open problem of this sort is the following; it was stated by Papadimitriou in 2007: find a non-symmetric Nash equilibrium (NE) in a symmetric game. We show that this problem is NP-complete and the problem of counting the number of non-symmetric NE in a symmetric game is #P-complete. In 2005, Kannan and Theobald defined the "rank of a bimatrix game" represented by matrices (A, B) to be rank(A+B) and asked whether a NE can be computed in rank 1 games in polynomial time. Observe that the rank 0 case is precisely the zero sum case, for which a polynomial time algorithm follows from von Neumann's reduction of such games to linear programming. In 2011, Adsul et. al. obtained an algorithm for rank 1 games; however, it does not solve the case of symmetric rank 1 games. We resolve this problem