The path from schizotypy to depression and aggression and the role of family stress

Background. Schizotypy is a multidimensional construct that is linked to the vulnerability for psychosis. Positive schizotypy includes having paranormal beliefs. Negative schizotypy includes social anhedonia. Disorganized schizotypy includes social anxiety and communication disorder. Schizotypy relates to depression and aggression. Family stress from high expressed emotion (EE; a rating of criticism, hostility, and emotional overinvolvement in a close relative toward a person showing signs of mental disorder) may mediate the link between schizotypy, depression and aggression. This study tested, using path analyses, the hypotheses that schizotypy predicts depression and aggression through high perceived EE as criticism and irritability (hypothesis 1) and praise and intrusiveness in a close relative (hypothesis 2). Methods. One hundred and four healthy participants listened to and rated the self-relevance of standard criticism and standard praise that denote EE. Participants rated their level of schizotypy, depression, aggression, and perceived EE in self-report questionnaires. Two path models tested the hypotheses. Results. Disorganized schizotypy, more than positive schizotypy, predicted the path to depression and aggression when perceived criticism and perceived EE-irritability were mediators. Disorganised schizotypy, more than negative schizotypy, predicted the path to depression and aggression when perceived praise and perceived EE-intrusiveness were mediators. Conclusions. Greater perceived criticism and less perceived praise in family communication explain the path from disorganized schizotypy (more so than positive or negative schizotypy) to depression and aggression. These findings indicate a need to consider the thought disorder-EE link as a potential contributor to depression and aggression in people with schizophrenia

Impact Of Air Pollution In Tamil Nadu

This paper outlines the impact of air pollution in Tamil Nadu. Air pollution is the any form of solid, liquid and gaseous substance present in the atmosphere that may or tend to be injurious to human beings, other living creatures, plants, property or the environment in general. Air pollution is probably one of the most serious environmental problems confronting our civilization today. Most often, it is caused by human activitiessuch as mining, construction, transportation, industrial work, agriculture, smelting, etc. However, natural processes such as volcanic eruptions and wildfires may also pollute the air, but their occurrence is rare and they usually have a local effect, unlike human activities that are ubiquitous causes of air pollution and contribute to the global pollution of the air every single day

A Comparative Study on Effectiveness of Myofascial Release Technique along with Ultrasound Versus Free Neck Exercises along with Ultrasound in the Management of Upper Trapezius Fibromyalgia Subjects.

I INTRODUCTION : Fibromyalgia is a form of soft tissue rheumatism. A combination of three terms Fibro (from the Latin fibra, or fibrous tissue), myo- (the Greek prefix myos, for muscles), and algia (from the Greek algos, which denotes pain)---fibromyalgia replaces earlier names for the syndrome that are still use by doctors and other health professionals such as myofibrositis, myofascitis, muscular rheumatism, fibrositis, and generalized musculoligamentous strain. Fibromyalgia is not a form of arthritis, since it is not associated with joint inflammation. When the Arthritis Foundation tried to categorize the 150 different from of musculoskeletal conditions in 1963, it created a classification known as soft tissue rheumatism. Included in this listing are conditions in which joints are not involved. Soft tissue rheumatism encompasses the supporting structures of joints (e.g., ligaments, bursae, and tendons), muscles, and other soft tissues. Fibromyalgia (FM) is merely a term used currently for individuals with chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain for which no alternative cause can be identified.[1] Individuals will sometimes only have on of these “idiopathic” pain syndromes over the course of their lifetime. But more often, individuals with one of these entities, and their family members, are likely to have several of these conditions. Many terms have been used to describe these co-aggregating syndromes and syndromes and symptoms, including functional somatic syndromes, somatization disorders, allied spectrum conditions, chronic multi symptom illnesses, medically unexplained symptoms, etc. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

Influence of Reinforcements and Heat Treatment on Mechanical and Wear Properties of Al 7075 based Hybrid Composites

AbstractA new class of hybrid composite Al 7075 alloy reinforced with fly ash particulates and E-glass short fibers has been formed. Hardness, tensile strength and wear properties of the composites have been evaluated and validated. Significant improvement in the properties was been observed with addition of reinforcements. Further, properties of heat treated composites were enhanced when compared to as cast composites. Artificial Neural Network modelling has been carried out for validation of the experimental results, by using MATLAB software. The modelling results revealed that experimental values were convincingly accurate with an error within 10% in training, testing and validation

Machine Learning Algorithm to Identify Hesitancy Towards Covid-19 Vaccination Among the Rural Citizens Under E-Governance Initiatives

The Indian Government has taken massive initiatives to control the pandemic virus of COVID-19. Recently, the Government has decided to begin the process of a large-scale vaccination programme to create an end to the crisis due to COVID-19. However, vaccination is found to be the major solution as suggested by various health care experts to stop the widespread of this deadly virus, hesitancy towards getting vaccinated is found to be more in the rural villages of India. The process of getting vaccinated was not made compulsory by the government, but still there exists skepticism in minds of rural citizens towards COVID-19 vaccination. Text Analytics has been implemented to identify the exact emotions among rural citizens towards COVID Vaccinations. Hence the present research study has identified the major reasons for hesitancy towards getting vaccinated for COVID-19 using machine learning techniques. The researchers of the current study have also measured the emotions and signs of sentiments of the rural citizens on COVID-19 vaccination

Reaction of Hydrazine Hydrate with Oxalic Acid: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Dihydrazinium Oxalate

The reaction of oxalic acid with hydrazine hydrate (in appropriate mole ratio) forms the dihydrazinium oxalate under specific experimental condition. The title compound is a molecular salt containing two discrete hydrazinium cations and an oxalate anion. The oxalate anion is perfectly planar and there is a crystallographic centre of symmetry in the middle of the C-C bond. The C-O bond distances are almost equal indicating the presence of resonance in the oxalate ion. The crystal packing is stabilized by intermolecular N-H…Oand  N-H…Nhydrogen bonds. The oxalate ions are linked together end to end through hydrogen bonds (via N2H5+ ions) and run parallel to the [101] direction. It is interesting to note that each oxalate group in the structure is surrounded by six hydrazinium ions through hydrogen bonding. Similarly, each hydrazinium ion is surrounded by three oxalate and one hydrazinium ion.KEY WORDS: Hydrazine, oxalic acid, dihydrazinium oxalate, crystal structure

Rejection sensitivity and its relationship to schizotypy and aggression: current status and future directions

Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Rejection sensitivity (RS) is the expectation of being distanced from and excluded by others, and found to be positively associated with both schizotypal personality traits and aggression. Here, we propose different explanations for these associations. Specifically, we suggest that disorganisation and social anxiety explain RS in schizotypy, but anger and the need for reward from retaliation and mood repair explain RS in aggression. There is some support for our suggestions from recent studies showing neural activity and/or connectivity patterns during social rejection that indicate deficient emotional regulation and anxiety in schizotypy, but heightened social pain and retaliation in relation to aggression. Further research needs to firmly establish how RS, schizotypy and aggression might exist, or co-exist, at the behavioural and brain levels, and whether interventions that specifically target social anxiety, maladaptive emotion regulation, or promote prosocial behaviours could be employed to normalise RS in the context of schizotypy and/or aggression.Funding: This work did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors

Production of Diamino propionic acid ammonia lyase by a new strain of Salmonella typhimurium PU011

BACKGROUND: Seeds of the legume plant Lathyrus sativus, which is grown in arid and semi arid tropical regions, contain Diamino Propionic acid (DAP). DAP is a neurotoxin, which, when consumed, causes a disease called Lathyrism. Lathryrism may manifest as Neurolathyrism or Osteolathyrism, in which the nervous system, and bone formation respectively, are affected. DAP ammonia lyase is produced by a few microorganisms such as Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas, and is capable of detoxifying DAP. RESULTS: S. typhimurium PU011, a non-virulent bacterial strain isolated in our lab, was found to produce DAP ammonia lyase enzyme when grown in minimal medium containing DAP. There was a direct correlation between biomass yield and enzyme activity, until 16 h post inoculation in minimal medium containing DAP. Following ammonium sulphate precipitation and passing through Sephadex G100, CM-Sephadex and DEAE-Sephacel for crude enzyme extract preparation, about 68-fold enzyme purity was obtained. The purified enzyme gave maximum activity at pH 8.0 and was stable up to 45 degrees C. The Km value for the substrate was found to be 0.685mM, calculated from a Line Weaver Burk plot. CONCLUSION: A new bacterial strain, S.typhimurium PU 011, which is capable of producing DAP ammonia lyase, was isolated

The path from schizotypy to depression and aggression and the role of family stress

Background: Schizotypy is a multidimensional construct that consists of several personality traits linked to the vulnerability for psychosis. Positive schizotypy includes having paranormal beliefs. Negative schizotypy includes social anhedonia. Disorganised schizotypy includes social anxiety and communication disorder. Schizotypy may be related to depression and aggression through high expressed emotion (EE; a rating of criticism, hostility and emotional over-involvement in a close relative towards a person showing signs of mental disorder) in the context of family stress. This study tested, using path analyses, the hypotheses that schizotypy predicts depression and aggression through high perceived EE as criticism and irritability (hypothesis 1), and praise and intrusiveness in a close relative (hypothesis 2). Methods: One hundred and four healthy participants listened to and rated the self-relevance of standard criticism and standard praise that denote EE. Participants rated their level of schizotypy, depression, aggression and perceived EE in self-report questionnaires. Two path models tested the hypotheses. Results: Disorganised schizotypy, more than positive schizotypy, predicted the path to depression and aggression when perceived criticism and perceived EE-irritability were mediators. Disorganised schizotypy, more than negative schizotypy, predicted the path to depression and aggression when perceived praise and perceived EE-intrusiveness were mediators. Conclusion: Greater perceived criticism, and less perceived praise in family communication, explain the path from disorganised schizotypy (more so than positive or negative schizotypy) to depression and aggression. These findings indicate a need to consider the thought disorder-EE link as a potential contributor to depression and aggression in people with schizophrenia