RFID Based Smart Car Parking System Using IOT

Now a days the use of vehicles is increasing day by day, the major problem in densely populated areas is lack of parking availability. The RFID technique is the mostly used technique to overcome or eradicate the cause. The existing technique of RFID concept is to check the balance amount in the card rather than finding the availability of parking lots at remote location. The major disadvantage in this existing methodology is tracing the amount deducted and it varies from time to time on various slots. Hence we provide a solution i.e., by this proposed method we ensure an efficient monitoring system that allows for tracking availability of spaces in parking areas in remote areas like malls, parks and other public places as well. This project forecasts all the possible ways to reduce parking tension. This project aims at interfacing RFID concept with Internet of Things (IoT). IoT establishes a client server communication that enables the user for remote communication regarding availability of parking slots from distance. In order to enhance a mobile friendly environment an website is being developed that gives prior information to the user about the availability of parking slot and thereby enabling them to book the slot for parking from a distance and the slot remains booked for a period of half an hour there by waits for the user to arrive until the specified time is reached. When the time exceeds, the user needs to book the slot again if available. This ensures minimization of traffic constraints in parking areas. This can be implemented in shopping malls where usually traffic problems arise due to lack or unavailability of parking

Pressure Ulcer Risk and Prevention: Examining the Inter-Rater Reliability of the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators® (NDNQI)

ABSTRACT Measuring and reporting performance have become the norm. The purpose of this descriptive multi-site (N = 36 NDNQI-participating hospitals) study was to examine the reliability of the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators® (NDNQI®) pressure ulcer (PrU) risk and prevention measures. This is the first known study to examine the inter-rater reliability of these measures. Data for Part 1 of this two-part study were extracted from 1,637 patient records by 120 raters. One rater at each hospital was considered the "expert". Agreement between the expert and non-expert raters was calculated for the risk measures. Among the patients, 530 were "at risk" for PrU, and included in calculations of agreement for the prevention measures. In Part 2, raters completed an online survey about the methods they use to collect these data. Cohen's kappa values varied widely within and across hospitals. Because most patients were assessed for PrU risk, and those at risk received prevention, the prevalence of a "Yes" response was high suggesting prevalence-adjusted kappa (PAK) may be a better estimate of inter-rater reliability than Cohen's kappa. PAK values for: Skin assessment, PAK = .977, 95% CI [.966 - .989]; Risk assessment, PAK = .978, 95% CI [.964 -.993]; Time since last risk assessment, PAK = .790, 95% CI [.729 - .852]; Risk assessment scale, PAK = .997, 95% CI [.991 - 1.0]; Risk status, PAK = .877, 95% CI [.838 - .917]; Any prevention, PAK = .856, 95% [.769 - .943]; Skin assessment documented, PAK = .956, 95% CI [.904 - 1.0]; and Pressure-redistribution surface use, PAK = .839, 95% CI [.763 - .916] indicated substantial to near perfect agreement. PAK values for: Routine repositioning, PAK = .577, 95% CI [.494 - .661]; Nutritional support, PAK = .500, 95% CI [.418 - .581]; and Moisture management, PAK = .556, 95% CI [.469 - .643] indicated moderate agreement. Results provide support for the reliability of all (5) PrU risk measures, and three of six prevention measures. Areas of disagreement between the expert and non-expert raters should direct education to improve reliability. Results of the online survey suggest raters need further training on the NDNQI guidelines for PrU data collection

Power ultrasound in fatliquor preparation based on vegetable oil for leather application

In recent years, power ultrasound has taken a significant place in chemical and physical activities of the process industries as an effective and non-polluting method of activation. Oil in water emulsions known as fatliquors are used for the lubrication of tanned leather fibres to get softness and also to improve the strength properties. In the present study, ultrasound has been used as a tool for the preparation of fatliquor emulsion for application in leather fatliquoring process. An emulsion is a fine dispersion of one liquid in another liquid. Sulphation is one of the common methods followed to prepare fatliquor emulsion where sulphuric acid is used. In the conventional process, emulsifying agent is also added to increase the stability of oil in water emulsions. The emulsifying agents generally used are chemicals or metal soaps. The potential use of ultrasound in the preparation of stable oil in water emulsions dispensing with sulphation process and with the minimum use of emulsifying agent has been studied and reported in this paper. This process enjoys the benefit of less pollution load in the form of chemical entities. The studies included the effect of process parameters such as ultrasonic output power and amount of oil used. Fatliquor emulsion prepared using ultrasound has been applied in leather fatliquoring process and the strength properties of the leathers were assessed. Emulsion particle size, which is another important parameter for diffusion through leather, has been measured using Laser Diffraction Technique. The stability of the ultrasonically prepared fatliquor emulsion has been found to be good. The results indicate that ultrasound could be effectively utilized in the preparation of non-ionic fatliquor emulsion eliminating sulphuric acid and impart required properties in leather

Uncharacterized bacterial structures revealed by electron cryotomography

Electron cryotomography (ECT) can reveal the native structure and arrangement of macromolecular complexes inside intact cells. This technique has greatly advanced our understanding of the ultrastructure of bacterial cells. We now view bacteria as structurally complex assemblies of macromolecular machines rather than as undifferentiated bags of enzymes. To date, our group has applied ECT to nearly 90 different bacterial species, collecting more than 15,000 cryotomograms. In addition to known structures, we have observed, to our knowledge, several uncharacterized features in these tomograms. Some are completely novel structures; others expand the features or species range of known structure types. Here, we present a survey of these uncharacterized bacterial structures in the hopes of accelerating their identification and study, and furthering our understanding of the structural complexity of bacterial cells

Optimization of xylanase production by filamentous fungi in solid state fermentation and scale-up to horizontal tube bioreactor

Five microorganisms, namely Aspergillus niger CECT 2700, A. niger CECT 2915, A. niger CECT 2088, Aspergillus terreus CECT 2808, and Rhizopus stolonifer CECT 2344, were grown on corncob to produce cell wall polysaccharide-degrading enzymes, mainly xylanases, by solid-state fermentation (SSF). A. niger CECT 2700 produced the highest amount of xylanases of 504±7 U/g dry corncob (dcc) after 3 days of fermentation. The optimization of the culture broth (5.0 g/L NaNO3, 1.3 g/L (NH4)2SO4, 4.5 g/L KH2PO4, and 3 g/L yeast extract) and operational conditions (5 g of bed loading, using an initial substrate to moistening medium of 1:3.6 (w/v)) allowed increasing the predicted maximal xylanase activity up to 2,452.7 U/g dcc. However, different pretreatments of materials, including destarching, autoclaving, microwave, and alkaline treatments, were detrimental. Finally, the process was successfully established in a laboratory-scale horizontal tube biore- actor, achieving the highest xylanase activity (2,926 U/g dcc) at a flow rate of 0.2 L/min. The result showed an overall 5.8-fold increase in xylanase activity after optimization of culture media, operational conditions, and scale-up.We are grateful to the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for the financial support of this work (project CTQ2011-28967), which has partial financial support from the FEDER funds of the European Union; to the Leonardo da Vinci Programme for founding the stay of Felisbela Oliveira in Vigo University; to MAEC-AECID (Spanish Government) for the financial support for Perez-Bibbins, B. and to Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports for Perez-Rodriguez's FPU; and to Solla E. and Mendez J. (CACTI-University of Vigo) for their excellent technical assistance in microscopy

Participation in biocultural diversity conservation : insights from five Amazonian examples

Unidad de excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2019-000940-MThe past three decades have seen the emergence of myriads of initiatives focused on conserving, revitalizing, and maintaining Indigenous and Local Knowledge (ILK) as part of biocultural approaches to conservation. However, the extent to which these efforts have been participatory has been often overlooked. In this chapter, we focus on five prominent ILK conservation initiatives in the Amazon Basin to examine the participation of Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLCs) in ILK conservation. Our review illustrates several examples of ILK conservation initiatives offering substantial opportunities for meaningful IPLC participation over the long term. Overall, our case studies suggest that the development of robust and inclusive decision-making processes is essential to optimize IPLC participation in ILK conservation, thereby increasing the legitimacy of these initiatives. Our review is not an exhaustive account of the breadth and depth of all initiatives promoting participatory biocultural conservation in this region, but it illustrates that there are many strategies that can help foster IPLC engagement and lead the participatory turn in biocultural conservation

In-Silico Screening of Phytocompounds of Justicia Adhatoda for Thrombolytic Activity

Background: The risk of thrombosis and its associated mortality is becoming a greater public health concern in both industrialized and developing nations. Clinical condition that is myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, unstable angina, peripheral vascular diseases like deep vein thrombosis prioritise top in the list of thrombotic disorders. Conventional thrombolytic medications including alteplase, anistreplase, streptokinase and urokinase offer life risking adverse effects like haemorrhage, stroke, vascular dysfunction, hypertension, internal bleeding and so on. In order to overcome the undesirable side effects caused by the conventional thrombolytic therapy, there is ominous need of alternate complementary treatment from traditional medicine. Majority of the Siddha formulations comprise of some potential medicinal herbs which are found to be biocompatible and also have a wide safety window.  Justicia adhatoda is one such novel herb which is investigated broadly by researchers till date, aspired by its unique pharmacological property rendered by the bioactive components present in it. Methods: Hence, the present research is aimed at in-silico screening of certain classes of alkaloids and flavonoids retrieved from J. adhatoda to explore the possible anti-thrombotic activity against the target human plasminogen activation loop peptide using AutoDock screening tool. Results and Conclusion: The computational analysis’s findings led to the conclusion that the bioactive compounds present in Justicia adhatoda like Astragalin, Kaempferol, Vitexin, Vasicolinone and Adhatodine reveals significant binding affinity against target plasminogen. Thereby it was determined that these compounds may have promising anti-thrombotic efficacy due to their considerable binding affinity towards the target plasminogen

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Not AvailableAn experiment was carried out on nutrient dynamics and biochemical changes during decomposition of leaf litter of six selected forest species grown on Alfisol in GKVK, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, during Apri1 2010 to April 2011. Chemical characteristics and decomposition patterns of six forest tree species, leaf litter viz., Simaruba glauca (Simaruba), Tectona grandis (Teak wood), Ailanttius maiabarica, (White bean), Aphanamyxis polystachya (Amoora), Sweitenia macrophylla (Mahagany) and mixed leaf litter (Accacia. Eucalyptus, Bamboo) were analysed. The content of cellulose, hemi cellulose, polyphenol and lignin varied among species recording higher values. Results of the decomposition study using litter bag revealed that residual litter mass declined exponentially with time in case of Simaruba, Teak, White bean, Amoora, Sweitenia and Mixed leaf litter. In terms of nutrient release N & P recorded maximum releaseNot Availabl