Ultrasonic velocity, viscosity and density studies in binary mixtures of dimethyl formamide and ethylmethylketone at different temperatures

366-370<span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" color:black;mso-ansi-language:en-in;mso-fareast-language:en-in;mso-bidi-language:="" hi"="" lang="EN-IN">Ultrasonic velocity, viscosity and density of ethyl methyl ketone (EMK) and N, N'-dimethylformamide(DMF) have been reported at 25,35 and 45 °C. Adiabatic compressibility (βE) excess adiabatic compressibility (βE), excess viscosity (ηE), excess volume (VE) and relaxation time (τ) have been calculated. Excess functions βE,  ηE and VE have been examined as a function of mole fraction of EMK (XEMK) and are found to be negative over the whole solvent composition range of EMK+DMF mixtures between 25 and 45°C. Variation of these excess functions and the relaxation time (τ) as a function of solvent composition and temperature have been discussed in terms of intermolecular interaction.</span

Gossypibomas in India - A systematic literature review

Purpose of Review: Gossypibomas remain a dreaded and unwanted complication of surgical practice. Despite significant interest and numerous guidelines, the number of reported cases remains sparse due to various factors, including potential legal implications. Herein, we review related data from India to ascertain if the problem is better or worse than that reported in world literature. Materials and Methods: A literature search was performed on PubMed and Google Scholar, to collect and analyze all case reports and case reviews regarding the condition in India. Results: On analysis of the results, there were 100 publications reporting a total of 126 events. The average patient age was 38.65 years. Average time to discovery was 1225.62 days. Forty-nine percent of reported cases were discovered within the 1 st year. The most common clinical features were pain (73.8%), palpable mass (47.6%), vomiting (35%), abdominal distention (26%), and fever (12.6%). Spontaneous expulsion of the gossypiboma was noted in five cases (3.96%). Transmural migration was seen in 36 cases (28.57%). Conclusions: Despite advancements in surgical approaches and preventive measures, gossypibomas continue to be a cause of significant morbidity. A safe working culture, open communication, teamwork, and an accurate sponge count remain our best defence against this often unpredictable complication of surgery

Propagation of Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth: An important medicinal plant of Western Himalaya

This study is aimed at developing propagation methods and ex situ conservation for Picrorhiza kurroa, an endangered medicinal plant of western Himalaya. Regeneration using leaves from mature plant of characterized germplasm is beneficial because the source plant is not damaged. A regeneration protocol was standardized by using leaves from aseptic shoot cultures, raised from ex vitro leaves. Maximum regeneration percent (94.33) and significantly higher shoot number (38.0) was evident in middle portion of leaf at 2.32 μM of kinetin (Kn). Abaxial surface that was in touch with the medium was more responsive as compared to adaxial surface. The time of exposure to thidiazuron (TDZ) was emphasized as 15 days interval, gave the best response in terms of shoot number (42.0). For shoot multiplication, Kn at 2.32 μM was optimum. Microshoots with well developed root system were obtained in MS basal medium after 4 weeks. Incubation of cultures at low temperature (15°C) for ten days enhanced the survival percent under green house conditions and could be correlated with the development of thick cuticle and well differentiated leaf tissues (palisade and spongy parenchyma). Flow cytometric analysis was performed to check the genetic stability of in vitro plantlets. In a parallel study, seed progenies of these germplasm were raised under ex situ conditions. Its reproductive cycle was also studied for successful domestication

A study of activation parameters for viscous flow process of some tetraalkylammonium salts in binary mixtures of <i>N, N</i>-dimethylformamide and ethyl methyl ketone

2039-2045Viscosities and densities of tetrabutylammoniumtetraphenylammonium boride (Bu4NBPh4), tetrabutylammonium bromide (Bu4NBr), tetrapentylammonium bromide (Pen4NBr), tetrahexylammonium iodide (Hex4NI), sodium tetraphenyl boride (NaBPh4) and sodium iodide (NaI) in ethyl methyl ketone (EMK), N, N-dimethyl foramide (DMF) and EMK+DMF solvent mixtures containing 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mol % of EMK in the concentration range (0.02-0.1) mol dm-3 at 25, 35, and 45°C have been reported. The viscosity data have been analyzed in terms of A- and B- viscosity coefficients of the Jones-Dole equation. Both A- and B-coefficients have been found to be positive over the en tire solvent composition range at all temperatures. The B-coefficients have been resolved into B± ionic coefficients using Bu4NBPh4 assumptions. The B± values of telraalkylammonium ions are found to be positive. Partial molal volumes (Vo2) have also been calculated which have been used along with B-values to calculate activation parameters for viscous flow process of electrolytic solutions. The activation parameters have been examined as a function of solvent composition to interpret the solution behaviour of these tetraalkylammonium salts in EMK-DMF mixtures

MAPKAPK2-centric transcriptome profiling reveals its major role in governing molecular crosstalk of IGFBP2, MUC4, and PRKAR2B during HNSCC pathogenesis

Transcriptome analysis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has been pivotal to comprehending the convoluted biology of HNSCC tumors. MAPKAPK2 or MK2 is a critical modulator of the mRNA turnover of crucial genes involved in HNSCC progression. However, MK2-centric transcriptome profiles of tumors are not well known. This study delves into HNSCC progression with MK2 at the nexus to delineate the biological relevance and intricate crosstalk of MK2 in the tumor milieu. We performed next-generation sequencing-based transcriptome profiling of HNSCC cells and xenograft tumors to ascertain mRNA expression profiles in MK2-wild type and MK2-knockdown conditions. The findings were validated using gene expression assays, immunohistochemistry, and transcript turnover studies. Here, we identified a pool of crucial MK2-regulated candidate genes by annotation and differential gene expression analyses. Regulatory network and pathway enrichment revealed their significance and involvement in the HNSCC pathogenesis. Additionally, 3'-UTR-based filtering recognized important MK2-regulated downstream target genes and validated them by nCounter gene expression assays. Finally, immunohistochemistry and transcript stability studies revealed the putative role of MK2 in regulating the transcript turnover of IGFBP2, MUC4, and PRKAR2B in HNSCC. Conclusively, MK2-regulated candidate genes were identified in this study, and their plausible involvement in HNSCC pathogenesis was elucidated. These genes possess investigative values as targets for diagnosis and therapeutic interventions for HNSCC