LEAD ACID BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR ELECTRICAL VEHICLES

ABSTRACT The high level of energy and power density of Lithium-ion and Zinc batteries amongst electrochemical batteries such Lead acid battery etc. makes them suitable as the energy storage in electric, hybrid electric vehicle, and plug-in vehicles (EV/HEV/PHEV). The battery management system is an electronic system that manages battery. One of the requirements in electrical system is rechargeable battery and its precise management. The Battery management system (BMS) monitors very important battery parameters i.e. state of charge, state of health, coolant flow for air or fluid, ampere hour counting, terminal voltage and flowing current (in and out).Open circuit voltage and integral of discharging current of the battery be used for estimation of SOC and are the function of SOC. The on line measurement and comparison of the predicted and measured terminal voltage and integral of current provides a tool for estimating the SOC and SOH. The BMS is also used for calculating secondary reports and reporting the generated data. The BMS also helps in controlling or balancing battery environment. In this research paper attempt is made to design the battery management system for electrical system or plug-in vehicles. KEYWORDS: Battery management system (BMS), plug-in-vehicles-state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH

A Review On Different Techniques Used In Design Of Ultra Wideband Slot Antenna For Improvement Of Various Parameter

An Ultra-Wideband patch antenna plays a major role in communications. This article deals with the broad review of Micro strip patch antenna design parameters such as Reflection Coeffient,VSWR,Impedance,Gain,Effiency,Radiation Pattern etc. various slots for different applications i.e. designs, development of output factors etc. In this modern world a dual band and triple band antenna with notch characteristics plays a vital role in wireless communications like UWB, WLAN, WiMAX etc. In this paper we study about the dual band and triple band characteristics and applications. The good impedance bandwidth, efficiency, Radiation pattern, VSWR can be improved by using the different slots, truncating corner of ground Plane ,feeding techniques, resonance frequency, and dielectric substrate

A Review On Different Band Notching Methods Used In Uwb Slot Antennas

According to federal communication commission(FCC) rules, the 3.1-10.6GHz band is allocated to the ultra wideband(UWB) applications. Notching will be helpful to avoid interference between UWB and some narrow band that are WiMAX (3.3–3.7GHz), C-band satellite downlink (3.7GHz–4.2GHz), WLAN (5.15–5.825 GHz), DSRC (5.50–5.925 GHz) etc. Different band notching techniques are discussed in this paper. Some techniques include adding parasitic stubs of different shapes, rectangular slits, and slots. In this paper comparative study will be done for differentnotching techniques