Įvairių dailės medžiagų ir technikų panaudojimo reikšmė vidurinės bendrojo lavinimo mokyklos V-VI klasėse

The training of creative abilities is the principal task of youth communist education. At the drawing lessons this problem has been solved mainly through the contents of instruction in conformity with the traditional rules of academic drawing. Up to now little attention was paid to the use of various painting materials and techniques in the process of training. The use of different painting materials and techniques at the drawing lessons effects pupils’ mental and physical qualities, broadens their outlook, develops their creative abilities, artistic taste and habits of drawing. Thus it is advisable to introduce water-colours, Indian ink, lead, stamping, drawing and other techniques at the drawing lessons in secondary school. After the acquaintance with various painting materials and techniques the pupils’ perception of folk and Professional art, of the synthesis of form and contents deepens.Kūrybinių sugebėjimų vystymas yra vienas iš svarbiausių jaunosios kartos komunistinio ugdymo uždavinių. Piešimo pamokose ši problema dažniausiai buvo sprendžiama mokant turinio prisilaikant akademinio piešimo taisyklių, tačiau nepakankamai dėmesio buvo skiriama naudojant įvairias dailės medžiagas ir technikas. Įvairių dailės medžiagų ar technikos naudojimas piešimo pamokose skirtingai veikia mokinių psichiką ir psichologiją, plečia jų akiratį meno srityje, ugdo kūrybinius sugebėjimus, ugdo meninį skonį, padeda įgyti technikos įgūdžius. Todėl tikslinga vidurinės mokyklos piešimo pamokose kaip galima plačiau mokinius pažindinti su akvarelės liejimo technika, tušo, guašo, štampavimo, grafikos ir kt. būdais. Praktikoje susipažinę su įvairiomis meninėmis priemonėmis ir būdais, mokiniai daug giliau suvokia liaudies ir profesionalųjį meną, meno kūrinio turinio ir formos sintezę

High-sensitive pyroelectric detectors with internal thermal amplification

AbstractA novel procedure for increasing the sensitivity of pyroelectric detectors and its mathematical and physical analysis are presented. Due to a 3-dimensional pattern that is etched into the sensitive element lateral heat flux spreading is used to improve the responsivity. Here, the effect is used, that very thin regions between thicker regions show a faster heating due to incident radiation and, hence, lead to an additional heat flow from this intermediate regions to the sensitive element. The analysis allows the description of the thermal and electrical behavior of the sensitive element depending on the dimensions of the pattern and the modulation frequency

Terahertz Pulse Emission from Semiconductor Heterostructures Caused by Ballistic Photocurrents

Terahertz radiation pulses emitted after exciting semiconductor heterostructures by femtosecond optical pulses were used to determine the electron energy band offsets between different constituent materials. It has been shown that when the photon energy is sufficient enough to excite electrons in the narrower bandgap layer with an energy greater than the conduction band offset, the terahertz pulse changes its polarity. Theoretical analysis performed both analytically and by numerical Monte Carlo simulation has shown that the polarity inversion is caused by the electrons that are excited in the narrow bandgap layer with energies sufficient to surmount the band offset with the wide bandgap substrate. This effect is used to evaluate the energy band offsets in GaInAs/InP and GaInAsBi/InP heterostructures

The challenges of renewed independence: The Baltic states since 1991

This article offers a comparative assessment of how successfully Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania have coped with the challenges of renewed independence since 1991, focusing on various aspects of political, economic, and social development. In the post-communist context the Baltic states have clearly outpaced other former Soviet republics and also performed reasonably well in comparison to the countries of Eastern Europe. The convergence of the Baltic experience, which began already in the early 20th century, has continued in the recent past as well, as the three states have adopted a number of similar approaches in domestic politics, the search for security, and economic policy. They also face a number of similar unsolved problems, including considerable political alienation, tensions in relations with Russia, socioeconomic disparity, and demographic challenges. The most important difference in the issues confronting the Baltic states today continues to be the large non-Baltic, mainly Russian presence in Estonia and Latvia, a result of Soviet-era policies. How to effect the meaningful integration of a multiethnic society remains a continuing challenge in these two countries. In contrast, population shifts under Soviet rule never became massive in Lithuania, and ethnic relations are a minor issue there today

Hypofractionated radiotherapy for prostate cancer

In the last few years, hypofractionated external beam radiotherapy has gained increasing popularity for prostate cancer treatment, since sufficient evidence exists that prostate cancer has a low alpha/beta ratio, lower than the one of the surrounding organs at risk and thus there is a potential therapeutic benefit of using larger fractionated single doses. Apart from the therapeutic rationale there are advantages such as saving treatment time and medical resources and thereby improving patient's convenience. While older trials showed unsatisfactory results in both standard and hypofractionated arm due to insufficient radiation doses and non-standard contouring of target volumes, contemporary randomized studies have reported on encouraging results of tumor control mostly without an increase of relevant side effects, especially late toxicity. Aim of this review is to give a detailed analysis of relevant, recently published clinical trials with special focus on rationale for hypofractionation and different therapy settings