A Review of Palm Oil Biodiesel under Long-Term Storage Conditions

Palm-oil biodiesel is widely used as alternative to diesel; the influences of long-term oxidative degradation on its burning characteristics are a matter of some concern. To further our understanding of this issue, this study investigated the heat release, carbon residue, flash point, and cetane index, oxidative stability, Density, Viscosity, Total acid no. of palm-oil biodiesel in a constant-temperature water bath after long-term storage. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15016

A Review of Internal Combustion Engine Design

The most successful inventions of human includes internal combustion engine (I C Engine) as top of the list. The recent emphasis on fuel economy, pollution control and other automobile fields like low friction body profile has also stimulated theoretical searches for an automobile. Studies have found no alternative type that promises to have significant advantages in fuel economy or pollution control than conventional I C Engines. But from these studies, it appears that the conventional types of spark-ignition and Diesel engines will remain in their present predominant position in land and sea transportation and for industrial and portable power for the foreseeable future. And so, here is an approach to have combined design aspects for all basic I C Engine components in one paper. Design aspects includes components like, piston, piston rings, cylinder, cylinder head, connecting rod, crank and crank shaft, cam and cam shaft along with valve and valve gear mechanism. A paper can be the base for future detailed designing work of I C Engine along with stress analysis and simulation

Restoring biological width in crown-root fracture: A periodontal concern

A 10-year-old male child reported to J.S.S. Dental College and Hospital presenting with a vertical crown-root fracture of maxillary central incisor with a history of fall 10 days back. A new treatment protocol was attempted in contrary to various schools of thoughts of coronal fragment removal wherein fractured fragments were approximated and internally reinforced with latest technologies in adhesive dentistry, the goal was to save the tooth, restore its function and esthetics. This case presents the above mentioned philosophy

Comparative clinical efficacy of Vachadi Vati and Triphalaguduchyadi Vati with diet and lifestyle modification in the management of overweight children

Introduction: India has the second-highest number of obese children in the world, next to China. In modern science, there are three main treatment modalities for obesity namely lifestyle interventions, medications, and bariatric surgery but except lifestyle interventions, other two have side effects. The main aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of Vachadi vati and Triphalaguduchyadi vati in the management of Sthaulya (~Obesity) in children. Methods: It was an open-labeled, randomized, controlled clinical study conducted on 91 children suffering from Sthaulya symptoms. Both the drugs Vachadi vati (Group A) and Triphalaguduchyadi vati (Group B) were given for 8 weeks before meal with lukewarm water in dosage ranging from 5 vati to 11 vati (in three divided doses) as per age following Sharangadhar's guidelines. Results: The efficacy of both the groups was assessed mainly with the help of anthropometric measurements and Sthaulya Symptoms. On statistical analysis, both the groups had shown significant results but on mean percentage improvement, Vachadi Vati had shown better results in all assessment parameters. Conclusion: Vachadi Vati and Triphalaguduchyadi Vati with diet and lifestyle modification are effective in the management of childhood obesity

Management of recurrent fracture of central incisor with internal resorption using light transmitting (luminex) post

The normal root canal anatomy may be altered in various pathological processes and making it very difficult and at times impossible to achieve ideal obturation by normal methods. Internal resorption is one among them. There are several treatment protocols advised for this pathological condition. A crown-root fracture is defined as a fracture involving enamel, dentin and cementum and accounts for 5% of all traumatic injuries to the permanent dentition. In anterior teeth, these fractures are usually caused by direct trauma and often complicated in fully erupted teeth. In cases where the fracture line extends down along the long axis of the root, extraction of the tooth is indicated. The purpose of this report is to present the use of light transmitting post system to reinforce the crown root fractured maxillary central incisor due to trauma and internal resorption

Efficacy of various root canal irrigants on removal of smear layer in the primary root canals after hand instrumentation: A scanning electron microscopy study

Aim: The purpose of this in-vitro study is to determine the efficacy of various irrigants in removing the smear layer in primary teeth root canals after hand instrumentation. Materials and Methods: The present study consisted of 30 human primary incisors which were sectioned at the cementoenamel junction horizontally. The specimens were divided randomly into four experimental and one control group having six teeth each and each group was treated with the specific irrigant. 5.25% NaOCl, 5.25% NaOCl + 10% EDTA, 6% citric acid, 2% chlorhexidine, saline (control) were the irrigants evaluated for efficacy in removal of smear layer. The specimens were split along the longitudinal axis using a chisel after placing superficial grooves in cementum not extending to the root canal. The exposed surface was subjected to scanning electron microscopic analysis to reveal the efficacy of irrigants in removal of smear layer. The representative areas were evaluated twice at 15 days interval by a single evaluator. The scale for the smear layer removal by Rome et al was modified and used in the present study. Results: The pictures from the scanning electron microscopy showed that among the tested irrigants, citric acid has the best efficacy to remove the smear layer without altering the normal dentinal structures, which was supported by the lowest mean smear scores. The pictures from the 10%EDTA + 5.25% sodium hypochlorite group showed that even though it removed the smear layer, it adversely affected the dentine structure. SEM pictures of the other groups like sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine revealed that these irrigants does not have the capacity to remove the smear layer in primary teeth. Conclusions: The results of the present study clearly indicate the superior efficacy of 6% citric acid than the other tested irrigants on removing the smear layer in primary teeth root canals

Service user and family member perspectives on services for mental health, substance use/addiction, and violence: A qualitative study of their goals, experiences and recommendations

© 2016 Haskell et al. Background: Mental health and substance use disorders (MSD) are significant public health concerns that often co-occur with violence. To improve services that address MSD and violence [MSD(V)], it is critical to understand the perspectives of those most affected, people who have sought help for MSD(V) (i.e., "service users"), especially those with co-occurring issues, as well as their family members. Methods: We conducted structured interviews with 73 service users and 41 family members of service users in two Ontario communities (one urban, one rural) regarding their goals related to help-seeking, positive and negative experiences, and recommendations for improving systems of care. Results: Overall, participants expressed a need for services that: (1) are respectful, nonjudgmental, and supportive, help service users to feel more 'normal' and include education to reduce stigma; (2) are accessible, varied and publicly funded, thereby meeting individual needs and addressing equity concerns at a systems level; and (3) are coordinated, holistic and inclusive of family members who often support service users. Conclusions: The findings provide a rich understanding of how service users and their families perceive services for MSD(V) issues and identify key ways to better meet their needs