Liturgical Traditions in Kalithogai

All human beings around the world live by accepting some philosophical theory. Tamil people are also following some kind of philosophical theory in their life since ancient period. Thus Tholkkapiyar in Tholkaapiyam explains the five types of landforms and the gods worshiped there. The first volume of the book Primitive Culture published by the English anthropologist Edward Burnett Tyler (1831-1917) in the 19th century, explains about the primitive culture in first volume and about primitive religion in second volume. This article analyses the songs sung by five poets, Perungadungo who sang paalaikali, Kapilan who sang kurinchikali, Marutanilanaganar who sang maruthakalip, and Nallundhuvanar who sang neithalkalip. It also explains about the gods and worship traditions of the people living in the five landforms

ACTIVITY-BASED TEACHING IMPROVES GROSS MOTOR SKILLS AND EARLY ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AMONG NORTH CHENNAI NURSERY STUDENTS: A TEACHER’S PERSPECTIVE

Objective: Gross motor skills and cognitive skills are essential prerequisites for the physical development of an early childhood. The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed normal age ranges for the achievement of motor milestones by healthy children. The current study aimed to assess the gross motor skills, cognitive skills related to development achievements and its associated factors among North Chennai nursery students. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted among nursery students from B.V. Victory Nursery and Primary School, Thiruvotriyur, North Chennai, India. Gross motor skills and cognitive skills were assessed through 14 and 13 activities, respectively. The assessment and the scores evaluated as per standard methods and it was recorded and analyzed using Microsoft Excel based tools. Results: Overall, 16 children aged 3–4 years old were included in the study. Of the 16 students, 9 boys and 7 girls were assessed for the gross motor skills and cognitive skills using various activities. From this study, girl’s performance was better than the boy’s performance in various activities. Activities performance and their physical and mental growth were significantly associated with the timely achievement of gross motor and cognitive milestones. Conclusion: This study suggests that students’ gross motor skills and cognitive skills may explore during activity-based teaching module compared to blackboard based study. Hence, we conclude, the activity-based teaching methods for nursery and primary students may help in exploring the student’s potential to the maximum extent with the acquisition of various skills

Sharks in Sangam Literary Fishermen's Lives and Contemporary Fishermen's Lives

The Sangam literature consists of texts that explain the internal lives of peoples from five ancient Tamil land divisions. In this anthology, Neythal explains the life of the sea and the fishermen who are dependent on the sea and also describes the sea creatures of marine life. Records of fishes are also found among these species. 18 types of fish are found in this way. Similarly, the writer conducted a field survey of fishermen living in Pamban village in Rameswaram circle, Ramanathapuram district, and found 204 types of fish. The five types of fish found in Sangam literature are lobster fish, codfish, shark fish, swordfish, and sawshark fish, and they are found in the lives of modern fishermen. The main occupation of fishermen is fishing. These fishing methods were documented in Sangam literature by poets of the time. Sharks mentioned in Sangam literature are also found among fishermen living in four places: Pondicherry, Cuddalore District, Mandapam, and Pampan (Ramanathapuram District). Here, the names of these sharks, their types, their habitats, characteristics of sharks, hunting of sharks, food of sharks, breeding patterns, worship of sharks, and other uses of sharks have been investigated

Ytterbium-doped tantalum pentoxide waveguides: spectroscopy for compact waveguide lasers

Ytterbium-doped materials are common gain media in high-performance laser systems. In this work, the first spectroscopic investigation of ytterbium-doped tantalum pentoxide (Yb:Ta2O5) for compact waveguide laser applications is presented

Calculations of spin induced transport in ferromagnets

Based on first-principles density functional calculations, a general approach for determining and analyzing the degree of spin polarization (P) in ferromagnets is presented. The approach employs the so-called tetrahedron method to evaluate the Fermi surface integrations of P in both ballistic and diffusive regimes. The validity of the method is examined by comparing the calculated P values for Fe and Ni with the experiment. The method is shown to yield highly accurate results with minimal computational effort. Within our approach, it is also possible to systematically analyze the contributions of various types of electronic states to the spin induced transport. As a case study, the transport properties of the soft-ferromagnet CeMnNi4 are investigated in order to explain the origin of the existing difference between the experimental and theoretical values of P in this intermetallic compound.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures; to appear in Physical Review B 75 (2007

A study on dermatological manifestations among chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis in a tertiary care centre

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive loss of kidney function over a period of months or years through five stages. The prevalence of  end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in India is increasing with an estimated annual incidence of about 100 per million populations. About 50-100% of patients with ESRD have at least one associated cutaneous change. These cutaneous disorders can precede or follow the initiation of hemodialysis treatment, and there are more chances to develop newer skin changes during the course of hemodialysis therapy, which may affect the quality of life. Objectives of the study was to find out the  prevalence of various dermatological manifestations in patients undergoing hemodialysis in a tertiary care centre.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in the general medicine department of a tertiary care Centre. All cases of chronic kidney disease were diagnosed according to the criteria of KDQQI CKD guidelines, age group between 30-60 years are included. Pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease, patients who had renal transplantations, patients on peritoneal dialysis and renal injury patients are excluded.Results: Out of the 100 study participants majority are males (60%). Majority of the patients belongs to lower socioeconomic status family (59%). Atleast one dermatological manifestation was present in all patients. 23% of the patients presented with two dermatological manifestations and 22% of the participants had three or more dermatological manifestations. Xerosis was the most common dermatological manifestation present among the patients.Conclusions: This study reflects that quality of life in dialysis patients is mainly depend on timely recognition and prompt management of these dermatological conditions

ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF AMINOGLYCOSIDES ANTIBIOTICS BY CHROMATROGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE

Aminoglycosides antibiotics are considered to be the antimicrobial agents used frequently in the treatment of human diseases caused by a bacterial infection. Most of the aminoglycosides antibiotics are highly polar in nature and they are lacking the UV absorbing chromophore in the molecules. The present articles accentuate the analytical method associated with the analysis of aminoglycosides molecules. Various chromatographic techniques like liquid chromatography, gas chromatography; mass spectrometry were used for the detection of aminoglycosides antibiotics. However, due to its limitation in the ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV/Vis) technique, different types of detection techniques like corona-charged aerosol detector (CAD), electrochemical detector (ECD) were used as a most powerful and versatile technique for the demonstration of these molecules in the analytical field. Analytical methods help to ensure the quality of the drug products. This review paper is devoted to providing an overview of the key performance technique used for the application and detection of these aminoglycosides molecules