Zinc homeostasis and signaling in health and diseases: Zinc signaling

The essential trace element zinc (Zn) is widely required in cellular functions, and abnormal Zn homeostasis causes a variety of health problems that include growth retardation, immunodeficiency, hypogonadism, and neuronal and sensory dysfunctions. Zn homeostasis is regulated through Zn transporters, permeable channels, and metallothioneins. Recent studies highlight Zn’s dynamic activity and its role as a signaling mediator. Zn acts as an intracellular signaling molecule, capable of communicating between cells, converting extracellular stimuli to intracellular signals, and controlling intracellular events. We have proposed that intracellular Zn signaling falls into two classes, early and late Zn signaling. This review addresses recent findings regarding Zn signaling and its role in physiological processes and pathogenesis

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Not AvailableThe study of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in relation to texture, landforms, and soil pH in riverine rice growing wetlands is very important for both agrarian economy and land use related issues in Majuli island of Upper Brahmaputra valley, Assam. Thus, thirteen soil series classified under the subgroups of Inceptisols and Entisols under different alluvial landforms in Majuli river island were selected to investigate the distribution of organic carbon (OC) and Total nitrogen (Total N) in pedological point of view. Our results showed an enrichment in OC and Total N on superficial Ap horizons (silt loam to silty clay loam) to the detriment of the deep sandy C horizons. Nevertheless, the irregular distribution of OC and total N contents with depth in stratified soils of the Island showed differential rates of leaching and its subsequent accumulations due to depositional episodes during seasonal floods in the region. These soils are slightly acid to neutral with mean densities of 30.49 Mg / ha of OC in Majuli series (P5) to 196.78 Mg / ha in Dakshinpat series (P7) with significant variations between the horizons (F=5.904). The data further shows that silty clay texture have mean SOC of 25.24 + -10.48 Mg / ha but low with value of 6.26 2.81 Mg / ha for sand texture whereas total N stocks were high for sand (mean 4.71 + -3.45 Mg / ha). The stratification of Total N and its stocks are highly variable having positive relation with cation exchange capacity (R2=0.57 * * ) and Clay (R2=0.35 * ). The mean C / N ratio of soils was 8.3 + -10.33 but highly variable (Cv of 124%). The regional study shows that geographically explicit information on soil carbon and total N pools must be combined with seasonal flooding history and depositional episodes for better rice management factors in the island.Not Availabl

Selection of Catalyst Material for Catalytic Converter by Using Weighted Property Index Method

Catalytic converter is an important after treatment device for emission control in automobiles. Conversion rate of harmful exhaust emission gas in catalytic converter and its efficiency is directly related to design factors of converters such as catalyst materials, wash coat material, substrate material, substrate design and other design factors. Amongst all the factors selection of material for catalyst is considered to be the most important as it deals with exhaust molecules to form nontoxic exhaust emission like nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and also it can result in reduction of back pressure by design optimization. Various materials have been used as catalyst for catalytic converter which ranges from precious metals like platinum, palladium and rhodium etc. to non-noble metals such as cobalt, zirconium etc. The selection of materials has greater significance in catalytic converter design because of the vast activity in material science. Therefore, the range of material available to engineers are much larger than ever before. To accomplish better performance at lower price requires as more rational process for material selection. This paper deals with the recent material selection methodology by using weighted property index method (WPIM) to select material for catalytic converter. The emission performance of a converter is primarily function of properties of the catalyst. So, in case of selecting catalytic material, there are different parameters that one might consider for catalyst selection. However, in this method five different important catalytic properties are selected as required characteristic which includes valency, density, ionization energy, thermal conductivity, and thermal expansion. They were optimized using WPIM. The results of the present paper on WPIM gives best material selection for converter. The selected material is again optimized by using cost per unit method and result shows best material by considering cost also for catalytic conver which is also mentioned in other previous research paper.&nbsp

Development of Fluroquinolones as a potent antibacterial agents:A Review

ABSTRACT The fluoroquinolones are a series of synthetic antibacterial agents that are used in the treatment of variety of bacterial infections. These agents inhibit the DNA gyrase, abolishing its activity by interfering with the DNA-rejoining reaction.The inhibition of the resealing leads to the liberation of fragments that are subsequently destroyed by the bacterial exo-nucleases. All fluoroquinolones accumulate within bacteria very rapidly, so that a steady-state intrabacterial concentration is obtained within a few minutes. Resistance develops slowly and is usually chromosomal and not plasmid mediated. However, development of resistance and transfer between animal and human pathogens has become a fervently argued issue among the microbiologists.Another concern regarding the use of new quinolones in the veterinary field is a possible detrimental effect on the environment. It still seems unlikely that the controlled use of veterinary quinolones will give rise to unfavorable effects on the environment

Study on the Effects Addition of Kinnow Juice on Sensory Properties of Kalakand

Kalakand was prepared from buffalo milk (standardized with 6 per cent fat and 9 per cent SNF) with constant level of sugar (6 per cent by volume of milk) and different levels of kinnow juice (10, 15, 20 and 25 part by vol. of milk). It was observed that the overall acceptability score for treatment T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 were 8.31, 8.37, 8.54, 8.19 and 7.83 respectively. As the level of kinnow juice in kalakand increases the overall acceptability score also increases upto treatment T3, thereafter it was decreased. The treatment (T3) comprises kinnow juice @ 15 per cent secured maximum score with 8.54 and lowest score was found to be 7.83 in treatment T5