Schneiderian Carcinoma

Latar Belakang: Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) adalah keganasan paling umum dari kepala dan leher (sekitar 3%), tetapi hanya <1% dari seluruh jenis keganasan (insidensi jarang), yang dibagi menjadi jenis keratinizing dan non-keratinizing. Nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma mempunyai berbagai nama lain, salah satunya Schneiderian carcinoma. Dahulu, Schneiderian carcinoma disebut sebagai Carcinoma Ex-Schneiderian Papilloma (Malignant transformation). Atas kelangkaan dan keberagaman penamaan kasus ini, maka penulis tertarik untuk menyajikan kasus ini. Laporan Kasus: Seorang laki-laki 68 tahun datang dengan keluhan utama benjolan di leher kanan. Dilakukan tindakan wide eksisi dan rekontruksi, kemudian dikirimkan sampel untuk pemeriksaan histopatologi, didapatkan gambaran kelompok-kelompok sel epithelial Ganas, dengan inti bulat oval, pleomorfik, hiperkromatik, berkromatin kasar, sitoplasma eosinofilik, mitosis dapat ditemukan, tumbuh papilifer, infiltratif diantara dalam stroma jaringan ikat fibrous. Dilakukan pemeriksaan lanjutan dengan pengecatan imunohistokimia yang memberikan hasil: CK5/6 positif, P63 positif, dan Ki67 positif > 80%. Diskusi: Ciri dan gejala pada pasien ini sesuai dengan kekhasan epidemiologi berdasarkan literatur. Berdasarkan pemeriksaan histopatologis dan pulasan imunohistokimia menyokong diagnosis Squamous cell carcinoma, transisional differenteated (Schneiderian carcinoma) regio colli sisi dekstra. Kesimpulan: Pemeriksaan histopatologi dan imunohistokimia pada kasus Schneiderian carcinoma ini menjadi penting serta harus dibedakan dengan jenis lainnya karena masing-masing manajemen dan prognosisnya pun berbeda. Kata Kunci: Schneiderian carcinoma, nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma, transisional differenteated, Carcinoma Ex-Schneiderian Papilloma.    Background: Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is rare, accounting for <1% of Malignant tumours and only about 3% of Malignancies of the head and neck, that includes a keratinizing and a non keratinizing type. Nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma has various other names, which one is Schneiderian carcinoma. In the past, Schneiderian carcinoma was referred to as Carcinoma Ex Schneiderian Papilloma (Malignant Transformation). Based on the scarcity and diversity of naming these cases, the authors are interested to presenting this case. Case Description: A 68-year-old man comes with a complaint of a lump in the right neck. Wide excision and reconstruction were carried out, then samples were sent for histopathology, a description of Malignant epithelial cell groups, with oval, pleomorphic, hyperchromatic, coarse chromatin nuclei, eosinophilic cytoplasm, mitosis can be found, papilliferous growth, infiltrative within the tissue fibrous stroma. Follow-up examination with immunohistochemical staining that gave results: CK5/6 positive, P63 positive, and Ki67 >80%. Discussion: Characteristics and symptoms in these patients are consistent with epidemiological characteristics based on literature. Based on histopathological and immunohistochemical examination support to diagnosis Squamous cell carcinoma, transitional differenteated (Schneiderian carcinoma) in colli region right side. Conclusion: Histopathology and immunohistochemistry examination in the case of Schneiderian carcinoma are important and must be distinguished from other types because each management and prognosis are different. Keywords: Schneiderian carcinoma, nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma, transisional differenteated, Carcinoma Ex-Schneiderian Papilloma

Increased Expression of PD-L1 in Undifferentiated Non Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma Nasopharynx

Increased Expression of PD-L1 in Undifferentiated Non Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma Nasopharynx   ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: PD-L1 expressed by tumor cells in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) can be used by tumor cells to avoid the patient's immune system. This can affect prognosis such as age, gender, histopathological type, tumor stage and quality of life through immunosuppressive activity. PD-L1 expression is expected to be a biomarker for prognostic factor assessment and immunotherapy. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is a relationship between the level of PD-L1 expression and prognostic factors in NPC. METHODS: This is analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. PD-L1 expression was examined immunohistochemically using 61 samples of paraffin block, which had been diagnosed as NPC in the Laboratory of Anatomical Pathology, Dr. Kariadi from January 2017 to June 2020. Patient clinical data were used as prognostic factors, namely age, gender, histopathological type, tumor stage and quality of life. Analysis was performed with the Chi-Square test to determine the relationship between the level of PD-L1 expression and prognostic factors. RESULTS: There was a significant correlation between PD-L1expression in tumor cells and histopathological type (p=0.001). No significant correlation between PD-L1 expression and age (p=0.405), gender (p=0.241), tumor stage (p=0.928) and quality of life (p=0.103). CONCLUSION: PD-L1 expression in this study cannot be used as a prognostic factor in NPC patients, although the histopathological type shows a significant relationship, so further research is needed with a larger sample and a longer period. Keywords: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma; PD-L1; prognostic factor &nbsp

Supplementary Material for: Multicentric Glioma Develops via a Mutant IDH1-Independent Pathway: Immunohistochemical Study of Multicentric Glioma

<p>Multicentric gliomas are very rare. Due to differences in their tumor types they remain enigmatic.<b> </b>We focused on the pathogenesis of multicentric gliomas and compared their immunoprofile with that of solitary gliomas. This retrospective study included 6 males and 8 females with multicentric glioma (8 glioblastomas, 2 anaplastic astrocytomas, 4 diffuse astrocytomas). Their age ranged from 27 to 75 years and all were treated between 2004 and June 2015. The expression of mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1), α-thalassemia X-linked intellectual disability (ATRX), p53, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was examined immunohistochemically; for 1p19q analysis we used fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). In all patients, immunohistochemical staining was negative for mutant IDH1 and cytoplasmic PTEN; only 1 patient (7.1%) manifested nuclear PTEN positivity. FISH for 1p19q codeletion was negative in all 9 examined samples; 5 of 14 specimens (35.7%) were p53-positive, 9 (64.3%) were EGFR-positive, and 4 (28.6%) were ATRX-negative. The MIB-1 labeling index was 0.9-15.6% for grades II and III, and ranged between 17.3 and 52.4% for glioblastoma. Our results suggest that the pathogenesis of multicentric gliomas is different from the mutant IDH1-R132H pathogenesis of lower-grade glioma and secondary glioblastomas. More studies are needed to confirm the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of multicentric glioma.</p