Анализ Тенденций Развития Инновационной Отрасли Российской Федерации

The purpose of this study is to analyze the trends in the development of the innovation industry of the Russian Federation. For this, the following tasks were solved: the dynamics of the industrial production index as a whole, as well as the types of economic activity were analyzed; the dynamics of key indicators of innovation activity of industrial production organizations of the Russian Federation was analyzed; the effectiveness of investment in innovative activities of the Russian industrial sector was evaluated. For this purpose, the methods of logical constructions, system and situational analysis, generalization, analogies, comparisons, included observations were used. It has resulted into conclusion on the development tendency of the Russian Federation innovation industry, the directions for efficiency improvement of industry innovations development in the context of the economy modernization.El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar las tendencias en el desarrollo de la industria de la innovación de la Federación Rusa. Para ello se han estudiado las siguientes áreas: la dinámica del índice de producción industrial en su conjunto, así como los tipos de actividad económica; la dinámica de los indicadores clave de la actividad de innovación de las organizaciones de producción industrial de Rusia; y la eficacia de la inversión en actividades innovadoras del sector industrial ruso. Para ello se han utilizado métodos de construcción lógica, análisis de sistemas y situaciones, generalización, analogías, comparaciones y observaciones. Con este estudio se han llegado a diversas conclusiones en relación con la tendencia de desarrollo de la industria de la innovación de la Federación de Rusia y las direcciones para la mejora de la eficiencia del desarrollo de las innovaciones de la industria en el contexto de la modernización de la economía.O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar as tendências no desenvolvimento da indústria de inovação da Federação Russa. Para tal, foram estudadas as seguintes áreas: a dinâmica do índice de produção industrial como um todo, bem como os tipos de actividade económica; a dinâmica dos indicadores-chave da actividade de inovação das organizações de produção industrial russa; e a eficácia do investimento em actividades inovadoras do sector industrial russo. Foram utilizados métodos lógicos de construção, análise de sistemas e situações, generalização, analogias, comparações e observações. Com este estudo várias conclusões foram tiradas sobre a tendência de desenvolvimento da indústria de inovação da Federação Russa e as direções para a melhoria da eficiência do desenvolvimento das inovações da indústria no contexto da modernização da economia.Целью данного исследования является анализ тенденций развития инновационной отрасли Российской Федерации. Для этого были решены следующие задачи: проанализирована динамика индекса промышленного производства в целом, а также видов экономической деятельности; проанализирована динамика ключевых показателей инновационной деятельности организаций промышленного производства Российской Федерации; оценена эффективность вложений в инновационную деятельность российского промышленного сектора. Для этого использовались методы логических построений, системного и ситуационного анализа, обобщения, аналогий, сравнений, были проведены наблюдения. В результате сделан вывод о тенденциях развития инновационной отрасли в России, направлениях повышения эффективности развития отраслевых инноваций в модернизации экономики

The formation and disintegration of magnetic bright points observed by Sunrise/IMaX

The evolution of the physical parameters of magnetic bright points (MBPs) located in the quiet Sun (mainly in the interwork) during their lifetime is studied. First we concentrate on the detailed description of the magnetic field evolution of three MBPs. This reveals that individual features follow different, generally complex, and rather dynamic scenarios of evolution. Next we apply statistical methods on roughly 200 observed MBP evolutionary tracks. MBPs are found to be formed by the strengthening of an equipartition field patch, which initially exhibits a moderate downflow. During the evolution, strong downdrafts with an average velocity of 2.4 km/s set in. These flows, taken together with the concurrent strengthening of the field, suggest that we are witnessing the occurrence of convective collapses in these features, although only 30% of them reach kG field strengths. This fraction might turn out to be larger when the new 4 m class solar telescopes are operational as observations of MBPs with current state of the art instrumentation could still be suffering from resolution limitations. Finally, when the bright point disappears (although the magnetic field often continues to exist) the magnetic field strength has dropped to the equipartition level and is generally somewhat weaker than at the beginning of the MBP's evolution. Noteworthy is that in about 10% of the cases we observe in the vicinity of the downflows small-scale strong (exceeding 2 km/s) intergranular upflows related spatially and temporally to these downflows.Comment: 19 pages, 13 figures; final version published in "The Astrophysical Journal

Surface waves in solar granulation observed with {\sc Sunrise}

Solar oscillations are expected to be excited by turbulent flows in the intergranular lanes near the solar surface. Time series recorded by the IMaX instrument aboard the {\sc Sunrise} observatory reveal solar oscillations at high resolution, which allow studying the properties of oscillations with short wavelengths. We analyze two times series with synchronous recordings of Doppler velocity and continuum intensity images with durations of 32\thinspace min and 23\thinspace min, resp., recorded close to the disk center of the Sun to study the propagation and excitation of solar acoustic oscillations. In the Doppler velocity data, both the standing acoustic waves and the short-lived, high-degree running waves are visible. The standing waves are visible as temporary enhancements of the amplitudes of the large-scale velocity field due to the stochastic superposition of the acoustic waves. We focus on the high-degree small-scale waves by suitable filtering in the Fourier domain. Investigating the propagation and excitation of $f$- and $p_1$-modes with wave numbers $k > 1.4$\thinspace 1/Mm we find that also exploding granules contribute to the excitation of solar $p$-modes in addition to the contribution of intergranular lanes.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, to appear in a special volume on Sunrise in Astrophysical Journal Letter

Fabrication and Characterization of Anionic Exchange Membranes Based on Chitosan/Poly (Vinyl) Alcohol and Chitosan/Chondroitin Doped with an Amino Cumulene Derivative and Carbon Nanotubes

Anionic exchange membranes mainly based on mixed matrix membranes (MMM) via the crosslinking of either chitosan (CHT) with poly (vinyl alcohol) (CHT : PVA) or CHT with chondroitin sulfate (CHT : CS) in a 50 : 50 wt% were synthesized. The doping of CHT, CHT : PVA and CHT : CS membranes with either the dispersant agent aminocumulene derivative (named AC, coming from the polycondensation of hexamethylenetetramine in an anhydrous acid medium) or with the carbonaceous inch made of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) dispersed by using AC to perform (AC/CNT) were characterized by the exploration of the topology by scanning electron microscopy, the determination of water uptake, and the analysis of X-ray diffraction spectroscopy together with the measurement of the anionic conductivity by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Results revealed that the modification of the MMMs with the above inorganic carbonaceous fillers, i.e. AC or AC/CNT, improved remarkably the OH– conductivity for all membranes. The modified CHT:CS blend membranes exhibited the highest ionic conductivities of the series. Water uptake increased for the modified CHT and CHT : PVA membranes, whereas a remarkable reduction of water uptake for the CHT : CS based membranes took place. The best membranes in terms of anionic conductivity were correlated with crystallinity and water uptake.The research was carried out at the expense of a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 15-13-10038). AG acknowledges the Presidential fellowship programme of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. Also LGC and JI are grateful to the Spanish MINECO through the project CTQ2016-76231-C2-2-R