ASSESSMENT OF SERUM LIPID PROFILE IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY

Background: Hypertension and dyslipidemia are strongly associated with each other, and they are the most common risk factors for the development of the cardiovascular disease. Aim: Compare the serum lipid profile values among hypertensive patients and non-hypertensive individuals. Method: 30 patients with Hypertension and 30 age-matched non-hypertensive controls were included in the study. From the serum, total cholesterol levels were estimated by enzymatic (CHOD-PAP) colorimetric method, triglyceride by enzymatic (GPO-PAP) method, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were estimated using precipitant and Friedewald formula, by using commercially available reagent kits. Lipid profiles were compared with controls. Results: The mean values of total cholesterol were significantly more in Hypertensives-202.93 ± 28.44 and normotensives-178.76 ± 37.21, P<0.006. The mean values of triglycerides were significantly more in Hypertensives-139.8 ± 18.72 and normotensives-125.8± 12.34, P<0.001. The mean values of LDL-Cholesterol were significantly more in Hypertensives-141.63 ± 11.59 and normotensives-127.83 ± 14.65, P<0.0001. Conclusions: As Dyslipidemia is associated with Hypertension, serum lipid profile may be useful in the identification of patients at risk of Hypertension. Hypertensive patients need the measurement of blood pressure and lipid profile at regular intervals to prevent Cardiovascular diseases. Keywords: Cholesterol; Cardiovascular Diseases; Hypertension; Triglycerides; Dyslipidemia

ASSESSMENT OF SERUM LIPID PROFILE IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY

Background: Hypertension and dyslipidemia are strongly associated with each other, and they are the most common risk factors for the development of the cardiovascular disease. Aim: Compare the serum lipid profile values among hypertensive patients and non-hypertensive individuals. Method: 30 patients with Hypertension and 30 age-matched non-hypertensive controls were included in the study. From the serum, total cholesterol levels were estimated by enzymatic (CHOD-PAP) colorimetric method, triglyceride by enzymatic (GPO-PAP) method, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were estimated using precipitant and Friedewald formula, by using commercially available reagent kits. Lipid profiles were compared with controls. Results: The mean values of total cholesterol were significantly more in Hypertensives-202.93 ± 28.44 and normotensives-178.76 ± 37.21, P<0.006. The mean values of triglycerides were significantly more in Hypertensives-139.8 ± 18.72 and normotensives-125.8± 12.34, P<0.001. The mean values of LDL-Cholesterol were significantly more in Hypertensives-141.63 ± 11.59 and normotensives-127.83 ± 14.65, P<0.0001. Conclusions: As Dyslipidemia is associated with Hypertension, serum lipid profile may be useful in the identification of patients at risk of Hypertension. Hypertensive patients need the measurement of blood pressure and lipid profile at regular intervals to prevent Cardiovascular diseases. Keywords: Cholesterol; Cardiovascular Diseases; Hypertension; Triglycerides; Dyslipidemia

Examining Temporal Variation of the Fermi Coupling Constant using SNe Ia Light Curves

In standard model, the Fermi coupling constant, $G_F$, sets the strength of electroweak decay. We attempt an approach to constrain the temporal variation of the Fermi coupling constant $G_F$. To probe it, Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) light curves are being used as a source of reliable primordial nucleosynthesis events across the redshifts. We utilized studies suggesting that in the initial phase after the SNe Ia explosion, the electroweak decay of $^{56}Ni \rightarrow ^{56}Co \rightarrow ^{56}Fe$ is the key contributor to powering the SNe Ia light curve. We hence used the Pan-STARRS supernovae catalog having 1169 supernovae light curves in $g$, $r$, $i$, and $z$ spectral filters. The post-peak decrease in the apparent magnitude of light curves (in the rest frame of SNe) was related to the electroweak decay rate of primordial nucleosynthesis. Further, the decay rate relates to $G_F$. To keep the analysis independent of the cosmological model, we used the Hubble parameter measurement and a non-parametric statistical method, the Gaussian Process. Our study suggests a small yet finite temporal variation of $G_F$ and puts a strong upper bound on the present value of the fractional change in the Fermi coupling constant i.e; $\dfrac{\dot G_F}{G_F}\big\rvert_{z=0} \approx 10^{-11} yr^{-1}$ using datasets spread over a redshift range $0<z<0.75$.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures, 1 tabl

ON THE ESTIMATION OF POLARIMETRIC PARAMETERS FOR OIL SLICK FEATURE DETECTION FROM HYBRID POL AND DERIVED PSEUDO QUAD POL SAR DATA

Oil spills in oceans have a significant long term effect on the marine ecosystem and are of prime concern for maritime economy. In order to locate and estimate the oil spread area and for quantitative damage assessment, it is required to continually monitor the affected area on the sea and its surroundings and space based remote sensing makes this technically viable. Synthetic Aperture Radar SAR with its high sensitivity to target dielectric constant, look angle and polarization-dependent target backscatter has become a potential tool for oil-spill observation and maritime monitoring. From conventional single-channel SAR (single-pol, HH or VV) to multi-channel SAR – (Dual/Quad-polarization) and more recently compact polarimetric (Hybrid/Slant Linear) SAR systems have been widely used for oil-spill detection in the seas. Various polarimetric features have been proposed to classify oil spills using full, dual and compact polarimetric SAR. RISAT-1 is a C-band SAR with Circular Transmit and Linear Receive (CTLR) hybrid polarimetric imaging capability.This study is aimed at the polarimetric processing of RISAT-1 hybrid pol single look complex (SLC) data for derivation of the decisive polarimetric parameters which can be used to identify oil spills in oceans and their discrimination from look-alike signatures. In order to understand ocean–oil spill signatures from full-quad pol SAR, pseudo-quad pol covariance matrix is constructed from RISAT-1 hybrid pol using polarimetric scattering models .Then polarimetric processing is carried out over pseudo-quad pol data for oil slick detection. In-house developed software is used for carrying out the above oil-spill study

Exploring the Natural Preservation Potential of Aqueous Guava Leaf Extracts on Pangasius Pangasius: An Experimental Study

Fish, being a significant biological indicator in water, serves as a valuable food source once harvested. However, the high protein content in fish makes it an ideal medium for microorganisms, which can lead to spoilage. In areas without access to freezers or ice, preserving fish becomes a challenge. The objective of this study is to investigate the efficacy of Psidium guajava (guava) leaves as a natural preservation method for Pangasius pangasius fish. Key parameters, including gills, eye, texture, odor, and mucilage, were used to evaluate fish quality. Leaf methanolic extract was applied at doses of 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%. Data were collected between 1 and 3 days after storage. Results showed that fish quality declined and began to deteriorate after 2 days of storage, particularly in the control treatment (0% extract). However, the fish samples treated with doses of 60% and 80% experienced relatively good quality over the course of 2 days. Although some spoilage occurred in these samples, they remained suitable for consumption. In contrast, fish samples treated with other doses exhibited complete spoilage and were no longer consumable. In conclusion, guava leaf extracts offer a promising alternative for fish preservation