Lipid Granules Staining (Nile Red and Bodypy) of Different Biofuel Producing Fresh Water Microalgae Growing under Various Stress Conditions

Chlorella vulgaris and Diatoms were cultivated and maintained in different stress system like high light intensity (18:6, Light: Dark) and N2 limited condition.  After the stationary phase, the cells were stained by Nile red and Bodipy.  The slides were examined under fluorescence in situ hybridization microscopy, it showed the Chlorella vulgaris cultivated under N2 limited system yield high lipid bodies than light induced system and Stressed Diatoms.  While Bodipy is a best tool for staining algal lipid bodies than Nile Red stain.ÂÂ

Ultra Structural Analysis and Lipid Staining of Biodiesel Producing Microalgae - Chlorella vulgaris Collected from Various Ponds in Tamil Nadu, India

The present research paper describes to evaluate 10 different Microalgal lipid contents by Nile red and Bodipy staining. The ultra structural studies carried out by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The micro algal samples were collected from province of Tamil Nadu, located in Southern India.  Compare to Nile Red stain Bodipy is a specific stain for to detect lipid content present in the living algal cells. In this study clearly describe Chlorella vulgaris stained by Bodipy have shown more lipid content than other microalgae collected from various location

Optimization of Growth Regulators for Induction of Callus from Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

The objective of this study was to optimize the concentration of different plant growth regulators or hormones for callus induction of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Different types and concentrations of growth regulators were tested in order to obtain the best callus formation. Four growth hormones such as 1-naphthaleneacetic acid NAP), 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP), Kinetin and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4–D) were used in this study. It was found that growth regulator type and concentration had a significant effect on the callus induction, the increment of callus index and callus physical appearance. The higher frequency of callus growth (95-100%) were observed on both epicotyls and cotyledon explants cultured on basal medium supplemented with 0.1mg/l NAA + 0.5mg/l Bap and various concentrations such as 0.2+0.1, 0.5+0.1, 1.0+0.2mg/l of NAA + BAP also shows good callus response but at higher concentration of the same hormones shuts the callus growth. The concentration of BAP and 2,4-D also shows good callus response in higher concentration whereas low concentrations of this hormone combination show nil effect. The morphology of callus differs upon the hormonal concentration from green to white and green to brown with various textures. This protocol paves the way for the development of in vitro regeneration for cotton and consequently will promote the application of plant tissue culture

Absorption Spectroscopic Studies of Chip-scale Rubidium Atomic Vapour Cells in a Compact 3D Printed Magneto-Optic Package

This paper describes the design, development and spectroscopic studies of chip-scale Rb atomic vapour cell developed in the authors’ laboratory. A compact magneto-optic package for the chip-scale Rb cell comprising of TEC integrated VCSEL source, silicon p-i-n photo detector and a hemispherical lens for light collimation is reported. The package is manufactured using commercial 3D printing technology. A PC based data acquisition system has been developed to provide real time analysis of the captured spectral data of the Rb chip by laser interrogation of the D1 hyperfine transition. Doppler broadened absorption resonance lines of technological importance have been recorded for transitions 85Rb(2S1/2 F=2→2P1/2 F′ =2,3) having absorption amplitude 1.24 V and FWHM 850 MHz and 87Rb(2S1/2 F=2 →2P1/2 F′ =1,2) has absorption amplitude 0.47 V and FWHM 567 MHz at cell temperature of 70 oC . Further, the chip-scale Rb atomic cell in the magneto-optical package will be explored to develop atomic sensors for space applications

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: A Mighty Pioneering Diagnostic Tool But Is It Really Safe for Carcinoma and Neurodegenerative Diseases?

Iron oxide nanoparticles have been used in medicine for around 90 years, and this time has demonstrated their versatility, therapeutic efficacy, and safety. The primary constituents of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) are either magnetite (FeO Fe2O3) or maghemite (-Fe2O3). The most major clinical application of IONs is based on MRI. To detect cancers and age-related diseases, IONs are being used in medical diagnostic imaging. The two IONs with the best clinical repute are Resovist and Feridex IV. In addition to being used to detect cancers, IONs are also adapted as gastrointestinal negative contrast agents and as slow-release iron supplements to treat iron deficiency anemia. With IONs exposed to alternating magnetic fields, targeted imaging and thermal energy production are both feasible. Radiation therapy, immunotherapy, or chemotherapy be facilitated by the effects of heat. A growing number of IONs are being studied in therapeutic settings as nanotechnology develops swiftly. How IONs are used in biomedicine is determined by their interaction with the human immune system

Bactericidal activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles against human pathogenic bacteria

Green synthesis is an attractive and eco-friendly approach to generate potent antibacterial silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). Such particles have long been used to fight bacteria and represent a promising tool to overcome the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In this study, green synthesis of Ag-NPs was attempted using plant extracts of Aloe vera, Portulaca oleracea and Cynodon dactylon. The identity and size of Ag-NPs was characterized by ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer and scanning electron microscopy. Monodispersed Ag-NPs were produced with a range of different sizes based on the plant extract used. The bactericidal activity of Ag-NPs against a number of human pathogenic bacteria was determined using the disc diffusion method. The results showed that Gram positive bacteria were more susceptible than Gram negative ones to these antibacterial agents. The minimum inhibitory concentration was determined using the 96-well plate method. Finally, the mechanism by which Ag-NPs affect bacteria was investigated by SEM analysis. Bacteria treated with Ag-NPs were seen to undergo shrinkage and to lose their viability. This study provides evidence for a cheap and effective method for synthesizing potent bactericidal Ag-NPs and demonstrates their effectiveness against human pathogenic bacteria

Parametric Study of CPT Resonance in Rubidium Vapor Cell for Application in Atomic Clock

The performance of Coherent Population Trapping (CPT) based atomic clocks primarily depends on the characteristics of CPT resonance. We have performed experiments to study and optimize the characteristics of CPT resonance in 87Rb atoms by measuring its contrast and full-width-at-half maximum (FWHM) as function of laser excitation and temperature of atomic vapor cells with different dimensions. A four-level atomic model is used to simulate CPT resonance characteristics along the length of atomic vapor cell. The model incorporates scaling law to understand collision dynamics in cells with different radius for a range of laser excitation intensities and the results are compared with experimental data. The quality figure, calculated from the measured values of FWHM and contrast, decreases with increase in laser intensity and improves in cells with higher dimension (radius). The optimum temperature corresponding to maximum quality figure varies with laser excitation intensity as well as cell dimension. The underlying collision dynamics and density effects that are responsible for the observed resonance characteristics are discussed