9,399 research outputs found
Homogeneous cosmologies and the Maupertuis-Jacobi principle
A recent work showing that homogeneous and isotropic cosmologies involving
scalar fields are equivalent to the geodesics of certain effective manifolds is
generalized to the non-minimally coupled and anisotropic cases. As the
Maupertuis-Jacobi principle in classical mechanics, such result permits us to
infer some dynamical properties of cosmological models from the geometry of the
associated effective manifolds, allowing us to go a step further in the study
of cosmological dynamics. By means of some explicit examples, we show how the
geometrical analysis can simplify considerably the dynamical analysis of
cosmological models.Comment: 5 page
Trailing Edge Unification via an Intermediate Pati-Salam Group
We demonstrate to two-loop order that an intermediate symmetrically embedded
Pati-Salam level of symmetry is all that
is necessary to accommodate empirical values of
and within a grand unification context but with a high
(10^{14} GeV) intermediate mass scale and with a concomitant higher GUT scale.Comment: 7 pages, 4 embedded eps figur
Erythroid anion transporter assembly is mediated by a developmentally regulated recruitment onto a preassembled membrane cytoskeleton
Analysis of the expression and assembly of the anion transporter by metabolic pulse-chase and steady-state protein and RNA measurements reveals that the extent of association of band 3 with the membrane cytoskeleton varies during chicken embryonic development. Pulse-chase studies have indicated that band 3 polypeptides do not associate with the membrane cytoskeleton until they have been transported to the plasma membrane. At this time, band 3 polypeptides are slowly recruited, over a period of hours, onto a preassembled membrane cytoskeletal network and the extent of this cytoskeletal assembly is developmentally regulated. Only 3% of the band 3 polypeptides are cytoskeletal-associated in 4-d erythroid cells vs. 93% in 10-d erythroid cells and 36% in 15-d erythroid cells. This observed variation appears to be regulated primarily at the level of recruitment onto the membrane cytoskeleton rather than by different transport kinetics to the membrane or differential turnover of the soluble and insoluble polypeptides and is not dependent upon the lineage or stage of differentiation of the erythroid cells. Steady-state protein and RNA analyses indicate that the low levels of cytoskeletal band 3 very early in development most likely result from limiting amounts of ankyrin and protein 4.1, the membrane cytoskeletal binding sites for band 3. As embryonic development proceeds, ankyrin and protein 4.1 levels increase with a concurrent rise in the level of cytoskeletal band 3 until, on day 10 of development, virtually all of the band 3 polypeptides are cytoskeletal bound. After day 10, the levels of total and cytoskeletal band 3 decline, whereas ankyrin and protein 4.1 continue to accumulate until day 18, indicating that the cytoskeletal association of band 3 is not regulated solely by the availability of membrane cytoskeletal binding sites at later stages of development. Thus, multiple mechanisms appear to regulate the recruitment of band 3 onto the erythroid membrane cytoskeleton during chicken embryonic development
Startling Equivalences in the Higgs-Goldstone Sector between Radiative and Lowest-Order Conventional Electroweak Symmetry Breaking
For the Higgs boson mass of GeV expected to arise from radiative
electroweak symmetry breaking, we find the same lowest-order expressions as
would be obtained from conventional electroweak symmetry breaking, given the
same Higgs boson mass, for Higgs-Goldstone sector scattering processes
identified with , , as
well as for Higgs boson decay widths , . The
radiatively broken case, however, leads to an order of magnitude enhancement
over lowest-order conventional symmetry breaking for scattering processes
, , as well as a factor of
enhancement for .Comment: 6 pages, uses ws-ijmpa.cls written in Latex2E. Major revision in text
and conclusions--different enhanced scattering processes found than the
earlier version. To appear in the IJMPA proceedings issue for MRST 2005,
Utica, N
Anion transporter: highly cell-type-specific expression of distinct polypeptides and transcripts in erythroid and nonerythroid cells
Affinity-purified antibodies and cDNA probes specific for the chicken erythrocyte anion transporter (also referred to as band 3) have been used to demonstrate that this protein is expressed in a highly cell- type-specific manner in the avian kidney. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis indicates that this polypeptide is present in only a small subset of total kidney cells and is predominantly localized to the proximal convoluted tubule of this organ. Chicken erythrocytes synthesize and accumulate two structurally and serologically related band 3 polypeptides. The polypeptide that accumulates in kidney membranes has an apparent molecular weight greater than either of its erythroid counterparts. This diversity is also reflected at the RNA level, as the single band 3 mRNA species detected during various stages of erythroid development is distinct in size from that found in kidney cells. Genomic DNA blot analysis suggests that both the erythroid and kidney band 3 RNAs arise from a single gene. Furthermore, of the adult tissues we have examined that are known to express ankyrin and spectrin polypeptides, only kidney accumulates detectable levels of the band 3 mRNA and polypeptide. These observations suggest that a subset of kidney cells use an anion transport mechanism analogous to that of erythrocytes and that band 3 is expressed in a noncoordinate manner with other components of the erythroid membrane skeleton in nonerythroid cells
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