Efectos del régimen de riego sobre la producción y calidad de la uva en la variedad ‘Bobal’ en Requena

En este trabajo se resumen los resultados de un ensayo de dos años de duración llevado a cabo en un viñedo de la variedad ‘Bobal’ plantado en espaldeara y situado en el término municipal de Requena (interior de la provincia de Valencia). Se estudió el efecto de dos regímenes de riego (deficitario y óptimo) frente a un tratamiento de secano. En el tratamiento de más riego, se aportaron 2355 m3/ha llegando a doblar la producción frente al secano (9255 frente a 4434 kg/ha). Sin embargo, el riego aportado necesario para mantener el cultivo en un estado hídrico óptimo durante todo el año, provocó un claro descenso en la concentración de azucares, polifenoles y antocianos de la uva, y parecidos efectos en el vino resultante. Con la estrategia de riego deficitario, se aportaron solamente 768 m3/ha, obteniéndose un incremento productivo frente al secano de un 17%. En comparación al secano, el riego deficitario no afectó a la calidad de la uva, en particular cuando se retrasó la vendimia cerca de una semana con respecto al secano. Los resultados permiten concluir que en la variedad Bobal cultivada en espaldera, el riego aportado a fin de cubrir las necesidades totales del viñedo es a todas luces perjudicial para la calidad de la uva. Para maximizar la calidad del vino, en la variedad ‘Bobal’ en la zona de Utiel-Requena, se recomienda por lo tanto una aportación moderada deficitaria de riego (unos 800 m3/ha) con el fin de incrementar en un 17% la producción frente al secano, manteniendo los estándares de calidad de la uva y el vino

Prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia with granulocyte colony-stimulating factors: where are we now?

Updated international guidelines published in 2006 have broadened the scope for the use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in supporting delivery of myelosuppressive chemotherapy. G-CSF prophylaxis is now recommended when the overall risk of febrile neutropenia (FN) due to regimen and individual patient factors is ≥20%, for supporting dose-dense and dose-intense chemotherapy and to help maintain dose density where dose reductions have been shown to compromise outcomes. Indeed, there is now a large body of evidence for the efficacy of G-CSFs in supporting dose-dense chemotherapy. Predictive tools that can help target those patients who are most at risk of FN are now becoming available. Recent analyses have shown that, by reducing the risk of FN and chemotherapy dose delays and reductions, G-CSF prophylaxis can potentially enhance survival benefits in patients receiving chemotherapy in curative settings. Accumulating data from ‘real-world’ clinical practice settings indicate that patients often receive abbreviated courses of daily G-CSF and consequently obtain a reduced level of FN protection. A single dose of PEGylated G-CSF (pegfilgrastim) may provide a more effective, as well as a more convenient, alternative to daily G-CSF. Prospective studies are needed to validate the importance of delivering the full dose intensity of standard chemotherapy regimens, with G-CSF support where appropriate, across a range of settings. These studies should also incorporate prospective evaluation of risk stratification for neutropenia and its complications

Safety and effectiveness of vinflunine in patients with metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelial tract after failure of one platinum-based systemic therapy in clinical practice

BACKGROUND: Patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelial tract (TCCU) who fail initial platinum-based chemotherapy for advanced disease represent a challenge in daily clinical practice. Vinflunine is approved by the European Medicine Agency (EMA) but, up to now, limited experience has been reported outside clinical trials. METHODS: We assessed the efficacy and safety of vinflunine in an unselected group of 102 consecutive patients with metastatic TCCU. RESULTS: The median age was 67 years (range 45–83). Among the most common comorbidities that patients presented at baseline were hypertension (50.5%) and diabetes (20.7%). Distant metastases were present in retroperitoneal nodes (58%), lung (29.3%), and bone (20.2%). The ECOG 0, 1 and 2 performance status at the start of vinflunine were 31.3%, 60.6% and 8.1%, respectively. The most commonly reported adverse events of any grade were constipation 70.6% (5.9% grade 3–4), vomiting 49.1% (2% grade 3–4), neutropenia 48.1% (12.8% grade 3–4) and abdominal pain 34.3% (4.9% grade 3–4). A median of 4 cycles of vinflunine was administered per patient (range 1–18). Median progression free and overall survival for all patients (N = 102) were 3.9 months (2.3-5.5) and 10 months (7.3-12.8), respectively. Time to tumor progression was 4.3 months (2.6-5.9). Two patients (2%) achieved CR, 23 (22.5%) patients had PR, and 42 (41.2%) presented SD as best response. The clinical benefit rate with vinflunine was 65.7%. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that the behavior of vinflunine in routine clinical practice resembles that of the pivotal phase III randomized study

Comparison of the effect of labiolingual inclination and anteroposterior position of maxillary incisors on esthetic profile in three different facial patterns

Objective: To test the null hypothesis that there is no effect of esthetic perception of smiling profile in three different facial types by a change in the maxillary incisor inclination and position. Materials and Methods: A smiling profile photograph with Class I skeletal and dental pattern, normal profile were taken in each of the three facial types dolichofacial, mesofacial, and brachyfacial. Based on the original digital image, 15 smiling profiles in each of the facial types were created using the FACAD software by altering the labiolingual inclination and anteroposterior position of the maxillary incisors. These photographs were rated on a visual analog scale by three panels of examiners consisting of orthodontists, dentists, and nonprofessionals with twenty members in each group. The responses were assessed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) test followed by post hoc Scheffe. Results: Significant differences (P < 0.001) were detected when ratings of each photograph in each of the individual facial type was compared. In dolichofacial and mesofacial pattern, the position of the maxillary incisor must be limited to 2 mm from the goal anterior limit line. In brachyfacial pattern, any movement of facial axis point of maxillary incisors away from GALL is worsens the facial esthetics. The result of the ANOVA showed differences among the three groups for certain facial profiles. Conclusion: The hypothesis was rejected. The esthetic perception of labiolingual inclination and anteroposterior of maxillary incisors differ in different facial types, and this may effect in formulating treatment plans for different facial types

Effects of the irrigation regimes on grapevine cv. Bobal in a Mediterranean climate: II. Wine, skins, seeds, and grape aromatic composition

© 2022 The Authors.This study aims to determine the effects and the response to irrigation regimes (i) rainfed, (ii) deficit irrigation (DI), and (iii) full irrigation (FI) on wine and grape skin, seed and aromatic composition of grapevine cv. Bobal. The results show that the deficit irrigation treatment can modulate some important parameters of grapes and wine colour, and the aromatic composition of the grapes, with respect to rainfed and/or unlimited irrigation. In general, alcohol concentration and total acidity of the wines decreased with the application of water, while berry weight increased. Wine colour, total phenolics, and anthocyanins increased when water application was restricted due to the effect of water stress on anthocyanins, tannins and colour parameters of the grape skins and seeds. The water regime did not affect the seed polymeric concentration values, while the polymerization of grape skin tannins (higher mDP, aMW and %G) from the irrigated treatments, positively affected must astringency. Some aromatic precursors such as benzaldehyde, guaiacol, 4-ethylphenol, 4-vinylphenol, α-ionone, γ-decalactone, syringaldehyde, and vainillin increased in the irrigated treatments with respect to rainfed. Benzanoic acid, 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde and octanoic acid content also increased with respect to the full irrigation treatment. These increases can favour metabolic pathways that enhance specific volatile aromas in the wines, affecting their sensory quality. The overall the results presented demonstrate the important role played by the irrigation regime in modulating Bobal grapes and wine composition.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness with FEDER co-financing [grant numbers AGL-2014-54201-C4-4-R and AGL2017-83738-C3-3-R], CajaMar and Fundación Lucio Gil de Fagoaga