Isolation of Active Substances from the Seeds of the Milk Thistle Plant (Silybum marianum) and Determination of Antioxidant Activity

Opisana je izolacija silimarina, smjese dobro definiranih flavonolignana, iz sjemena biljke sikavice (Silybum marianum). Silimarin je ekstrahiran acetonom iz deoleinizirana sjemena bez zagrijavanja. Iskorištenje je iznosilo Y = 4,1 %. Antioksidacijska aktivnost silimarina određena je na sobnoj temperaturi kolorimetrijski 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazilom (DPPH) pri λ = 515 nm. Aktivnost je određena na temelju smanjenja apsorbancije, kao rezultat promjene boje DPPH iz purpurne u žutu. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju da je askorbinska kiselina znatno jači antioksidans od ispitivana silimarina, ali je silimarin znatno jači hvatač radikala DPPH od standarda silibinina.Isolation of silymarin, a mixture of well-defined flavonolignans, from the seeds of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) was achieved. Silymarin was extracted from defatted seed with acetone without heating; the yield was Y=4.1 %. The antioxidant activity of silymarin was determined at ambient temperature by means of a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) colorimetry with a detection scheme at λ= 515 nm. The activity was evaluated by the decrease in absorbance as the result of a DPPH radical color change from purple to yellow. The results obtained showed that ascorbic acid was a substantially more powerful antioxidant than silymarin, but silymarin was a significantly stronger quencher of DPPH radical than the standard silibinin

ANTIOXIDATIVE ACTIVITY OF ANTHOCYANINS FROM SOUR CHERRIES

The aim of this study was to examine antioxidant activities of the anthocyanins isolated from different sour cherry (Prunus cerasus) cultivars. DPPH radical method and photochemiluminescence detection method were employed. The effect of isolated anthocyanins on peroxidase activity was also investigated. In the DPPH method, methanol extract of isolated anthocyanins was employed and results showed the highest radical-scavenging activity of anthocyanins isolated from one genotype of Cigančica cherry (genotype VN 10-11), Petrovaradinska and Oblačinska cherry cultivar. Integral antioxidative capacity was determined by luminometry (Photochem), calculating the ascorbic acid equivalents. The best reducing power was shown by anthocyanins isolated from Maraska and Petrovaradinska cherry cultivars. Peroxidase activity of fresh plant material was determined and the influence of anthocyanins on peroxidase activity was investigated

Pregovori s Europskom unijom, tijek dubinske analize za poglavlje 28. - Zaštita zdravlja i potrošača, dio o zaštiti zdravlja (Negotiations with EU and Progress of In depth Analysis for Chapter 28: Consumer Protection and Health - The Health Care Part)

Područje zaštite zdravlja tradicionalno nije pokriveno aquis communitaire-om, nego je uređenje toga područja prepušteno zemljama članicama. članak 152 Amsterdanskog ugovora poziva zemlje članice na koordinaciju i konsolidirane akcije donošenja nacionalnih politika javnog zdravstva za borbu protiv prioritetnih bolesti i preventivne aktivnosti sprječavanja bolesti, očuvanja zdravlja i poboljšanja kvalitete života. Podrška koordiniranim aktivnostima osigurana je kroz Public Health Programme u kojem se godišnje osigurava preko 30 milijuna Eura za projekte u skladu s prioritetnim ciljevima na nivou Europe, a za koje se zemlje članice, samostalno ili udruženo natječu putem prijave projekata. Harmonizacija ovoga područja nije predviđena osim za specifične slučajeve kao što su krv i krvni derivati, tkiva i stanice, zarazne bolesti i duhan, pri kojima se standardi sigurnosti i kvalitete moraju uskladiti radi osiguravanja istovjetnog stupnja zaštite zdravlja stanovništva čitave ujedinjene Europe. Kao instrument koordinirane borbe protiv određenih masovnih ili važnih bolesti donose se rezolucije, preporuke, konvencije, i programi, koje zemlje članice nastoje slijediti sukladno vlastitom izboru prioriteta i mogućnostima djelovanja.S Hrvatske strane na pregovorima su sudjelovali stručnjaci Ministarstva zdravstva i socijalne skrbi, Hrvatskog zavoda za javno zdravstvo i Hrvatskog zavoda za transfuzijsku medicinu. Kroz prezentacije hrvatskih stručnjaka predstavnicima EK prikazana je duga i bogata tradicija preventivne medicine, još od statuta Dalmatinskih gradova srednjega vijeka i dubrovačke karantene do današnjih dana kada je   razvijen vlastiti organizacijski model strukture i funkcionalnosti javnoga zdravstva. Uz legislativno uređenje ovoga područja i usporedbu s europskim propisima prikazani su im i najnoviji statistički podaci i pokazatelji stanja na čemu su nam izrazili zahvalnost

Pregovori s Europskom unijom, tijek dubinske analize za poglavlje 28. - Zaštita zdravlja i potrošača, dio o zaštiti zdravlja (Negotiations with EU and Progress of In depth Analysis for Chapter 28: Consumer Protection and Health–The Health Care Part)

Područje zaštite zdravlja tradicionalno nije pokriveno aquis communitaire-om, nego je uređenje toga područja prepušteno zemljama članicama. članak 152 Amsterdanskog ugovora poziva zemlje članice na koordinaciju i konsolidirane akcije donošenja nacionalnih politika javnog zdravstva za borbu protiv prioritetnih bolesti i preventivne aktivnosti sprječavanja bolesti, očuvanja zdravlja i poboljšanja kvalitete života. Podrška koordiniranim aktivnostima osigurana je kroz Public Health Programme u kojem se godišnje osigurava preko 30 milijuna Eura za projekte u skladu s prioritetnim ciljevima na nivou Europe, a za koje se zemlje članice, samostalno ili udruženo natječu putem prijave projekata. Harmonizacija ovoga područja nije predviđena osim za specifične slučajeve kao što su krv i krvni derivati, tkiva i stanice, zarazne bolesti i duhan, pri kojima se standardi sigurnosti i kvalitete moraju uskladiti radi osiguravanja istovjetnog stupnja zaštite zdravlja stanovništva čitave ujedinjene Europe. Kao instrument koordinirane borbe protiv određenih masovnih ili važnih bolesti donose se rezolucije, preporuke, konvencije, i programi, koje zemlje članice nastoje slijediti sukladno vlastitom izboru prioriteta i mogućnostima djelovanja.S Hrvatske strane na pregovorima su sudjelovali stručnjaci Ministarstva zdravstva i socijalne skrbi, Hrvatskog zavoda za javno zdravstvo i Hrvatskog zavoda za transfuzijsku medicinu. Kroz prezentacije hrvatskih stručnjaka predstavnicima EK prikazana je duga i bogata tradicija preventivne medicine, još od statuta Dalmatinskih gradova srednjega vijeka i dubrovačke karantene do današnjih dana kada je   razvijen vlastiti organizacijski model strukture i funkcionalnosti javnoga zdravstva. Uz legislativno uređenje ovoga područja i usporedbu s europskim propisima prikazani su im i najnoviji statistički podaci i pokazatelji stanja na čemu su nam izrazili zahvalnost

Potassium acetate solution as a promising option to osmotic distillation for sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) juice concentration

Different osmotic agents (OA), such as potassium acetate (CH3COOK), potassium carbonate (K2CO3) and ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), have been examined as alternatives to the traditionally used calcium chloride (CaCl2) for osmotic distillation concentrating of clarified and pre-concentrated sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) juice. Comparison of the process performances based on the permeate fluxes has been carried out. Regarding the permeate flux results, simplified estimation of the overall mass transfer coefficient of the most effective osmotic agent and the reference (CaCl2) solution has been also performed. Furthermore, analytical methods such as total antioxidant activity (TAA) and total polyphenolic content (TPC) using spectrophotometric assays have been also carried out to evaluate the effect of the osmotic distillation on the valuable compounds content of concentrated sour cherry juice. CH3COOK was found to be the most effective, resulted more than 25% higher permeate flux during the sour cherry juice concentration. K2CO3 and NH4NO3 were less effective. The simplified mass transfer estimation showed that the CH3COOK is more effective only at near saturated concentrations compared to the CaCl2. Regarding the TAA and TPC contents, a significant loss was found in case of all OAs during the concentration procedures

DOUBLE X-RAY DECAY

Measurements of double x-ray decay on single-K-shell-vacancy atoms of silver and xenon were made with a pair of high-purity germanium detectors and a three-parameter analyzing system. The results for transitions of electrons from the 2s, 3s, 3d, and 4s, d shells to the 1s state are presented

Antioxidative activity of anthocyanins from sour cherries

The aim of this study was to examine antioxidant activities of the anthocyanins isolated from different sour cherry ( Prunus cerasus ) cultivars. DPPH radical method and photochemiluminescence detection method were employed. The effect of isolated anthocyanins on peroxidase activity was also investigated. In the DPPH method, methanol extract of isolated anthocyanins was employed and results showed the highest radical-scavenging activity of anthocyanins isolated from one genotype of Cigančica cherry (genotype VN 10–11), Petrovaradinska and Oblačinska cherry cultivar. Integral antioxidative capacity was determined by luminometry (Photochem), calculating the ascorbic acid equivalents. The best reducing power was shown by anthocyanins isolated from Maraska and Petrovaradinska cherry cultivars. Peroxidase activity of fresh plant material was determined and the influence of anthocyanins on peroxidase activity was investigated

Two-dimensional traffic rules and the density classification problem

Part 2: Regular PapersInternational audienceThe density classification problem is the computational problem of finding the majority in a given array of votes in a distributed fashion. It is known that no cellular automaton rule with binary alphabet can solve the density classification problem. On the other hand, it was shown that a probabilistic mixture of the traffic rule and the majority rule solves the one-dimensional problem correctly with a probability arbitrarily close to one. We investigate the possibility of a similar approach in two dimensions. We show that in two dimensions, the particle spacing problem, which is solved in one dimension by the traffic rule, has no cellular automaton solution. However, we propose exact and randomized solutions via interacting particle systems. We assess the performance of our models using numeric simulations