ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ И ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ФОТОХРОМНОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ ЗАМЕЩЕННЫХ 5-ВИНИЛ-6'-НИТРО-1,3,3-ТРИМЕТИЛ-СПИРО(ИНДОЛИНО-2,2'-[2H]-ХРОМЕНОВ)

Few 5-vinyl substituted 6’-nitro-1,3,3-trimethylspiro(indolino-2,2’-[2H]chromenes) (6’-nitro-spiropyrans) were synthesized by a one-step method from 5-formyl precursor – 5-formyl-6’-nitro-1,3,3-trimethylspiro(indolino-2,2’- [2H]chromene) (1). 5-Vinyl-6’-nitro-spiropyran (2) was prepared by the Wittig olefination of 1 with an ylide, which was generated by the action of potassium tert-butylate on methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide in THF. E-6’- Nitro-5-(1’’-nitroethene-2’’-yl)-6’-nitro-spiropyran (3) was obtained by heating 1, nitromethane, ethylenediammonium diacetate at 50°С in absolute methanol and inert atmosphere. Compounds 1’’-[6’-nitro-spiropyran-5- yl]-2’’,2’’-dicyanoethylene (4) and E-1’’-[6’-nitro-spiropyran-5-yl]-2’’-cyano-2’’-methoxycarbonylethylene (5) were prepared from initial 1 by reflux in ammonium acetate / glacial acetic acid / benzene mixture with malonodinitrile or methyl 2-cyanoacetate, respectively. The procedure for synthesizing derivatives 2’’,2’’-dimethyl-5’’-(6’-nitrospiropyran-5-yl)methylidene-1’’,3’’-dioxane-4’’,6’’-dion (6) and 5’’,5’’-dimethyl-2’’-(6’-nitro-spiropyran-5-yl)- methylidenecyclohexane-1’’,3’’-dion (7) includes the interaction of Meldrum's acid or dimedone, accordingly, with 5-formyl precursor 1 by heating in ethanol in the presence of piperidine and molecular sieves (to bind the released water). The structures of the prepared compounds and their purity have been confirmed by physico-chemical analysis. A spectral kinetic study of the photochromic properties of the substituted 5-vinyl spiropyrans was carried out in toluene and ethanol solutions. The 5-vinyl-6’-nitro-spiropyran derivatives 2–7 described in this work are of interest for further synthetic transformations.Ряд замещенных 5-винил-6’-нитро-1,3,3-триметилспиро(индолино-2,2’-[2H]-хроменов) был получен одностадийными методами синтеза из 5-формильного предшественника. Структуры полученных соединений подтверждены методами физико-химического анализа. Проведены спектрально-кинетические исследования фотохромного поведения новых 5-винилзамещенных продуктов в растворах толуола и этанола

Synthetic and natural organic photochromic systems for optic application

Own results of the study and application of a number of organic synthetic photochromic systems in the optical devices are presented. These results are compared with the data obtained for natural photochromic bacteriorhodopsines. It was shown that synthetic photochromic systems are characterized by more wide functional possibilities as compared with the natural systems based on bacteriorhodopsine for application in the optical devices. Advances in application of synthetic and natural photochromic systems for light modulation and recording optical information as well as nonlinear transformation of laser irradiation are discussed

Road and transport traumatism in the Arctic zone of the Arkhangelsk region

We analyzed the medical histories of 327 victims of road traffic accidents in 2012-2014 in Severodvinsk and adjoining roads of Arkhangelsk region (12-km section of the federal road M-8 «Kholmogory» and a range of regional roads connecting the city with other municipalities), which are in the area of responsibility of the city ambulance station. The age and sex structure of victims, seasonal, weekly and daily characteristics of the accidents were estimated

Inheritance of photochromic properties of nitro-substituted and halogenated spiropyrans containing the pyrrolidino[60]fullerene

The photophysical and isomerization properties of hybrid molecular compounds that consist of photochromic nitro-substituted and halogenated spiropyran derivatives bonded to the surface of the [60]fullerene cage through the pyrrolidine bridge were investigated using various functionals and basis sets of TD-DFT and semiempirical quantum-chemical approaches. The role of nπ* states formed by the lone pairs of substituents in changing of the electronic structure and photochromic properties of spiropyran derivatives was evaluated. The Sππ(spiropyran) → intermediate nπ* states → Sππ(merocyanine) channel for phototransformation of the hybrid compound containing a nitro-substituted spiropyran moiety was established and compared with similar systems of halogenated spiropyrans attached to the [60]fullerene bulk where photoinduced isomerization does not process due to high probability of internal conversion from the excited electronic state localized on the spiropyran fragment to the states of the pyrrolidino[60]fullerene