Etude fonctionnelle de l'Ubinucléine, partenaire cellulaire du facteur de transcription EB1 du virus d'Epstein-Barr et inhibition du cycle lytique viral

Découvert en 1964, le virus d'Epstein-Barr appartient à la famille des gamma-herpèsvirus. Ce virus à ADN présente une forte prévalence (90% de la population adulte est infectée). Ce fut le premier virus identifié comme associé à des cancers (lymphome de Burkitt et d'Hodgkin, carcinome gastrique et de l'oropharynx). Ce virus a pour spécificité de posséder deux cycles distincts : latent et lytique (production de particules virales). Le facteur de transcription viral EB1 (ou Zebra) est un élément clé lors de l'initiation du cycle lytique et semble une cible importante pour l'élaboration de nouveaux traitements. Une première partie de ce travail concerne la caractérisation d'une protéine cellulaire (l'Ubinucléine) qui interagit et inhibe l'activité de EB1. Cette protéine voyage entre noyaux et jonctions serrées. Elle appartient à la famille des NACos (nuclear and adhesion complex components). La fonction de l'Ubinucléine n'est pas connue et sa protéomique quand elle est localisée dans les jonctions serrées, a été réalisée. Des études fonctionnelles montrent que l'Ubinucléine interagit avec plusieurs partenaires cellulaires, emprunte la voie d'endocytose dépendante de la clathrine et que sa localisation cellulaire (nucléaire ou dans les jonctions serrées) est affectée par la PKA. Dans une seconde partie, nous nous sommes intéressés à des molécules inhibitrices du facteur de transcription viral EB1. Après criblage à haut débit de composés chimiques (EMBL-Heidelberg), des tests in-vitro ont permis d'en sélectionner un pour des essais in-vivo. Ce composé chimique inhibe l'activité du facteur de transcription EB1 et bloque précocement la mise en place du cycle lytique dans des cellules de lymphome de Burkitt. Il semble donc intéressant d'améliorer l'efficacité et la spécificité de cette molécule.Discovered in 1964, Epstein-Barr virus belongs to the Gamma-herpesvirus family. This DNA virus shows an important prevalence (90% of the adult population is infected). It was the first virus identified as associated with cancers (Hodgkin and Burkitt lymphomas, Gastric and oropharyngal carcinomas). It presents two distinct cycles: Latency and Lytic cycle (viral particle production). Viral transcription EB1 (or Zebra) is a key element for lytic cycle initiation and seems to be an important target for future treatment development. A first part of this work concerned the characterization of the cellular protein Ubinuclein that inhibits EB1 activity. This protein travels between nucleus and tight junctions. It belongs to the NACos (nuclear and adhesion complex components) protein family. Ubinuclein function is not known and its proteomic was performed when it was localized at tight junction. Next, functional studies showed that Ubinuclein interacts with various cellular partners and goes though the clathrin dependent endocytosis pathway. It's localisation (nuclear or at tight junction) changes with PKA activity. In the second part of this work, we focus on viral transcription factor EB1 inhibitors. After high-throughput screening of compounds (EMBL-Heidelberg), in-vitro assays allowed to select one molecule for in-vivo experiments. This compound inhibits the activity of the transcription factor EB1 and stops early lytic cycle establishment in Burkitt lymphoma cells. Further work needs to be done to increase efficacy and specificity of this molecule.SAVOIE-SCD - Bib.électronique (730659901) / SudocGRENOBLE1/INP-Bib.électronique (384210012) / SudocGRENOBLE2/3-Bib.électronique (384219901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Combined mutations of ASXL1, CBL, FLT3, IDH1, IDH2, JAK2, KRAS, NPM1, NRAS, RUNX1, TET2 and WT1 genes in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemias

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Gene mutation is an important mechanism of myeloid leukemogenesis. However, the number and combination of gene mutated in myeloid malignancies is still a matter of investigation.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We searched for mutations in the <it>ASXL1, CBL, FLT3, IDH1, IDH2, JAK2, KRAS, NPM1, NRAS, RUNX1, TET2 </it>and <it>WT1 </it>genes in 65 myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) and 64 acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs) without balanced translocation or complex karyotype.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Mutations in <it>ASXL1 </it>and <it>CBL </it>were frequent in refractory anemia with excess of blasts. Mutations in <it>TET2 </it>occurred with similar frequency in MDSs and AMLs and associated equally with either <it>ASXL1 </it>or <it>NPM1 </it>mutations. Mutations of <it>RUNX1 </it>were mutually exclusive with <it>TET2 </it>and combined with <it>ASXL1 </it>but not with <it>NPM1</it>. Mutations in <it>FLT3 (</it>mutation and internal tandem duplication), <it>IDH1</it>, <it>IDH2</it>, <it>NPM1 </it>and <it>WT1 </it>occurred primarily in AMLs.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Only 14% MDSs but half AMLs had at least two mutations in the genes studied. Based on the observed combinations and exclusions we classified the 12 genes into four classes and propose a highly speculative model that at least a mutation in one of each class is necessary for developing AML with simple or normal karyotype.</p

Mutations in ASXL1 are associated with poor prognosis across the spectrum of malignant myeloid diseases

The ASXL1 gene is one of the most frequently mutated genes in malignant myeloid diseases. The ASXL1 protein belongs to protein complexes involved in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. ASXL1 mutations are found in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). They are generally associated with signs of aggressiveness and poor clinical outcome. Because of this, a systematic determination of ASXL1 mutational status in myeloid malignancies should help in prognosis assessment

Frequency, prognostic impact, and subtype association of 8p12, 8q24, 11q13, 12p13, 17q12, and 20q13 amplifications in breast cancers

BACKGROUND: Oncogene amplification and overexpression occur in tumor cells. Amplification status may provide diagnostic and prognostic information and may lead to new treatment strategies. Chromosomal regions 8p12, 8q24, 11q13, 17q12 and 20q13 are recurrently amplified in breast cancers. METHODS: To assess the frequencies and clinical impact of amplifications, we analyzed 547 invasive breast tumors organized in a tissue microarray (TMA) by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and calculated correlations with histoclinical features and prognosis. BAC probes were designed for: (i) two 8p12 subregions centered on RAB11FIP1 and FGFR1 loci, respectively; (ii) 11q13 region centered on CCND1; (iii) 12p13 region spanning NOL1; and (iv) three 20q13 subregions centered on MYBL2, ZNF217 and AURKA, respectively. Regions 8q24 and 17q12 were analyzed with MYC and ERBB2 commercial probes, respectively. RESULTS: We observed amplification of 8p12 (amplified at RAB11FIP1 and/or FGFR1) in 22.8%, 8q24 in 6.1%, 11q13 in 19.6%, 12p13 in 4.1%, 17q12 in 9.9%, 20q13(Z )(amplified at ZNF217 only) in 9.9%, and 20q13(Co )(co-amplification of two or three 20q13 loci) in 8.5% of cases. The 8q24, 12p13, and 17q12 amplifications were correlated with high grade. The most frequent single amplifications were 8p12 (9.8%), 8q24 (3.3%) and 12p13 (3.3%), 20q13(Z )and 20q13(Co )(1.6%) regions. The 17q12 and 11q13 regions were never found amplified alone. The most frequent co-amplification was 8p12/11q13. Amplifications of 8p12 and 17q12 were associated with poor outcome. Amplification of 12p13 was associated with basal molecular subtype. CONCLUSION: Our results establish the frequencies, prognostic impacts and subtype associations of various amplifications and co-amplifications in breast cancers

Caractérisation moléculaire des leucémies myelomonocytaires chroniques de l'adulte

AIX-MARSEILLE2-BU Méd/Odontol. (130552103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Caractérisation de l'ubinucléine, partenaire cellulaire du transactivateur ZEBRA du virus d'Epstein-Barr

GRENOBLE1-BU Sciences (384212103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Mutational analysis of the DOK2 haploinsufficient tumor suppressor gene in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML).

International audiencen

Alteration of cohesin genes in myeloid diseases

International audienc

Erythroleukemia: Classification

Abstract Acute erythroid leukemia (AEL) is a rare (2%–5%) form of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Molecular alterations found in AEL resemble those of other AMLs. We report a classification of AELs in three major classes, with different prognosis and some specific features such as a tendency to mutual exclusion of mutations in epigenetic regulators and signaling genes