Reproducción artificial y levante de larvas de la mangle crassostrea rhizophorae (guilding, 1828) con el fin de elaborar un método aplicable a procesos de repoblamiento de la especie en la ciénaga grande de santa marta (cgsm)

Se llevó a cabo una investigación sobre la reproducción artificial y el levante de larvas de la ostra de mangle Crassostrea rhizophorae, con el propósito de iniciar a desarrollar una metodología práctica, que pueda ser empleada en nuestro medio en procesos de producción artificial de semillas de la especie, con fines de repoblación y/o cultivo. La reproducción artificial de Crassostrea rhizophorae se hizo mediante estímulos térmicos con ascenso y descenso de temperatura entre valores de 20 a 33°C, osmóticos con ascenso y descenso de la salinidad entre valores de 15 a 35%0 y fisiológicos por medio de la adición de esperma de ostras recién extraído al agua, para inducir el desove de los individuos maduros en el laboratorio. Los experimentos de arvicultura se realizaron suministrando dietas alimenticias a partir de las micro algas Nannochloropsis sp., Isochtysis galbana y Tetraselmis chuii, obteniéndose así 15 casos de cría de larvas con sobrevivencia entre 2 y 15 días y un caso de fijación de larvas con sobrevivencia de 5 días

Successful inclusion of high vegetable protein sources in feed for rainbow trout without decrement in intestinal health

[EN] A reduction in fishmeal in diets is essential to achieve the aim of sustainable production. In the current work, using a plant protein blend of wheat gluten, wheat and soybean meal supplemented with Tau, Val, Lys and Met, a 10% higher fishmeal substitution without affecting growth and health parameters has been accomplished. The aquaculture of carnivorous fish is in continuous expansion, which leads to the need to reduce the dependence on fishmeal (FM). Plant proteins (PP) represent a suitable protein alternative to FM and are increasingly used in fish feed. However, PP may lead to stunted growth and enteritis. In the current study, the effect of high FM substitution by PP sources on the growth, mortality and intestinal health of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was evaluated in terms of the histological intestine parameters and expression of genes related to inflammation (IL-1 beta, IL-8 and TGF-beta) and immune responses (Transferrin, IgT and IFN-gamma). The results show that a total substitution registered lower growth and survival rates, probably due to a disruption to the animal's health. Confirming this hypothesis, fish fed FM0 showed histological changes in the intestine and gene changes related to inflammatory responses, which in the long-term could have triggered an immunosuppression. The FM10 diet presented not only a similar expression to FM20 (control diet), but also similar growth and survival. Therefore, 90% of FM substitution was demonstrated as being feasible in this species using a PP blend of wheat gluten (WG) and soybean meal (SBM) as a protein source.Vélez-Calabria, G.; Peñaranda, D.; Jover Cerda, M.; Martínez-Llorens, S.; Tomas-Vidal, A. (2021). Successful inclusion of high vegetable protein sources in feed for rainbow trout without decrement in intestinal health. Animals. 11(12):1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11123577S118111

Sustitución parcial y total de la harina de pescado por mezclas de fuentes proteicas animales y vegetales, y la inclusión de Isochrysis galbana en piensos para doradas (Sparus aurata L.): efectos sobre el crecimiento y la eficiencia alimentaria.

A trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of partial and total replacement of fishmeal (FM) by a vegetable and animal proteins mixture as well as the inclusion of a microalgae in diets for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). The control diet (FM 100) contained FM as the primary protein source, while in diets FM25, FM10, FM0 and FM0+ the FM protein was replaced at 75%, 90% and 100%, respectively, by a protein mixture consisting of Iberian pig meal (IPM), soybean meal, pea meal and sunflower meal. Diet FM0+ also contained microalgae Isochrysis galbana. Gilthead seabream juveniles (mean initial weight 64 g) were fed these diets to satiety for 114 days. The values in growth performance and feed efficiency were significantly lowest with FM0 diet, whereas were similar with FM100 and FM25 diets. The whole-body composition in this study was affected by the dietary IPM inclusion level. Fish fed the FM100 and FM0 diet exhibited the lowest moisture contents and accordingly, the lipid content of those fish were the highest. Significant differences were found in the retention efficiencies of ingested protein, energy and essential amino acids of seabream fed with different experimental diets. The diets with higher percentages of retention efficiency were FM100 and FM25. Overall, up to 75% of FM protein can be replaced by a vegetable and animal proteins mixture in diets for gilthead seabream juveniles, without compromising growth performance, feed utilization, and nutrient retention.Se realizó un ensayo para evaluar el efecto de la sustitución parcial y total de harina de pescado (HP) por una mezcla de proteínas vegetales y animales, así como la inclusión de una microalga en piensos para dorada (Sparus aurata). El pienso control (HP100) contenía HP como fuente primaria de proteínas, mientras que en los piensos HP25, HP10, HP0 y HP0+ la proteína de HP se reemplazó al 75%, 90% y 100%, respectivamente, por una mezcla de proteínas constituida por harina de cerdo ibérico (HCI), harina de soja, harina de guisante y harina de girasol. El pienso HP0+ además contenía la microalga Isochrysis galbana. Los juveniles de dorada (peso inicial medio 64 g) fueron alimentados con estos piensos hasta la saciedad durante 114 días. Los valores en el rendimiento del crecimiento y la eficiencia de la alimentación fueron significativamente más bajos con el pienso HP0, mientras que fueron similares en los piensos HP100 y HP25. La composición del cuerpo entero en este estudio se vio afectada por el nivel de inclusión de HCI en el pienso. Los peces alimentados con los piensos HP100 y HP0 mostraron los contenidos de humedad más bajos y, en consecuencia, el contenido de lípidos de estos peces fue el más alto. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en las eficiencias de retención de proteína ingerida, energía y aminoácidos esenciales de la dorada alimentadas con los diferentes piensos experimentales. Los piensos con mayores porcentajes de eficiencia de retención fueron HP100 y HP25. En general, hasta un 75% de la proteína de la HP puede reemplazarse por una mezcla de proteínas vegetales y animales en piensos para juveniles de dorada, sin comprometer el rendimiento del crecimiento, la utilización de piensos y la retención de nutrientes.Vélez Calabria, GM. (2017). Partial and total replacement of fishmeal by a vegetable and animal proteins blend and inclusion of Isochrysis galbana in diets for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.): effects on growth and feed efficiency. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/89932TFG

Desarrollo de un programa de tecnologías de acuacultura como combinación entre producción pesquera y manejo ambiental en lagunas eutrofizadas

IP 1117-09-1039

Effect of Additives Inclusion in Gilthead Seabream (<i>Sparus aurata</i> L.) Diets on Growth, Enzyme Activity, Digestibility and Gut Histology Fed with Vegetable Meals

The fishmeal replacement by vegetable meals or other alternative sources, without affecting fish performance and productivity, is one of the principal challenges in aquaculture. The use of hydrolyzed porcine mucosa (HPM) and nucleotide (NT) concentrates, as feed additives in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) non-fishmeal diets was assessed in order to determine the possible effects on growth, feed efficiency, protein digestion, and gut histology when these were included in a plant-based diet (HPM 1% and 2%, P1 and P2; NT 250 and 500 ppm, N250 and N500), in comparison with two control diets, AA0 (100% plant-protein-based diet) and FM100 (100% fishmeal-protein-based diet). Diets were assayed in triplicate and the growth assay lasted 134 days. Results showed a significant improvement in all groups in terms of final weight and specific growth rate in comparison with the AA0 group. An improvement in the feed conversion ratio and the protein efficiency ratio was also observed when the additives were included in lower percentages (P1 and N250) compared to the FM100 group. Significant differences were found in hepatosomatic index, villi thickness, and goblet cells. Thus, the inclusion of NT and HPM was tested as beneficial for the improvement of efficiency of plant feed in seabream

Fishmeal substitution by Iberian pig meal and vegetable proteins blend and inclusion of Isochrysis aff. galbana (T-Iso) in diets for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.): Effects on growth and feed utilization efficiency

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Vélez-Calabria, G., Martínez-Llorens, S., Milián-Sorribes, M. C., Jauralde, I., Jover-Cerdá, M., & Tomás-Vidal, A. (2021). Fishmeal substitution by Iberian pig meal and vegetable proteins blend and inclusion of Isochrysis aff. galbana (T-Iso) in diets for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.): Effects on growth and feed utilization efficiency. Aquaculture Nutrition, 27, 2169-2181, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.13352. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.[EN] Research was carried out into the effect of partial and total fishmeal (FM) replacement by a vegetable and animal proteins blend, as well as the inclusion of microalgae in diets for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). Fish of 64 g on initial weight were fed until apparent satiation for 88 days. The control diet (FM100) contained FM as the main protein source, whilst in FM25, FM10 and FM0 diets, the FM was replaced 75%, 90% and 100%, respectively, by a proteins blend consisting of Iberian pig meal (IPM) and vegetable protein meals. FM0+ was similar to FM0 diet but included 50 g/kg of Isochrysis aff. galbana (T-Iso). Results obtained in the final bodyweight and the specific growth rate indicate that the FM25 and FM100 diets achieved similar performances. An improvement in growth performance and nutrient utilization was observed in the FM0+ diet with respect to the FM0 diet. The highest retention efficiencies of protein, energy and essential amino acids were found in FM100 and FM25 diets. In conclusion, up to 75% FM substitution by a vegetable and animal proteins blend in on-growing gilthead seabream is feasible, in addition, the inclusion of Isochrysis aff. galbana (T-Iso) improves the growth and retention efficiencies in a non-FM diet.The research was supported by a grant financed by Generalitat Valenciana, IDIFEDER/2020/029. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. It was additionally granted by Contrato Predoctoral para la Formación de Profesorado Universitario from Subprogramas de Formación y Movilidad within the Programa Estatal de Promoción del Talento y su Empleabilidad of the Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte of Spain. The authors acknowledge Marine Microalgae Biotechnology Research Group of the University of Almeria (Spain) for supplying the microalgae Isochrysis aff. galbana (T-Iso), as part of the research supported by the SABANA project of the European Union¿s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (grant # 727874).Vélez-Calabria, G.; Martínez-Llorens, S.; Milián-Sorribes, MC.; Jauralde García, I.; Jover Cerda, M.; Tomas-Vidal, A. (2021). Fishmeal substitution by Iberian pig meal and vegetable proteins blend and inclusion of Isochrysis aff. galbana (T-Iso) in diets for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.): Effects on growth and feed utilization efficiency. Aquaculture Nutrition. 27(6):2169-2181. https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.13352S2169218127